challenges pour les réseaux électriques du futur

SwissGrid workshop - le réseau électrique de demain | Paolone| 21.05.2015 1

Challenges pour les réseaux électriques du futur

Prof. Mario PaoloneLaboratoire des Systèmes Electriques Distribués

École Polutechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Workshop: le réseau électrique de demainSwissTech Convention CenterLe 21 mai, 2015


The current Swiss scenario

Yearly Profile of electricity consumption in Switzerland

Source: SwissGrid report “Grid Data 2014”


The current Swiss scenario

Net 2013 electricity production in Switzerland

Source: OFEN report “Schweizerische Statistik der erneuerbaren Energien”, 2013


Perspective scenario(s)

Swiss 2020 – 2050 perspectives

Source: OFEN report “Perspectives énérgetiques 2050 - Résumé”, octobre 2013


Perspective scenario(s)

Swiss 2020 – 2050 perspectives (GWh/yr)C: centralised fossil power plantsC&E: renewables and centralised fossil power plantsE: only renewables with further compensations from imports

Source: OFEN report “Perspectives énérgetiques 2050 - Résumé”,

octobre 2013


Time-scales of renewables volatility: intra-seasons

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

1 501 1001 1501 2001 2501 3001 3501 4001

EE D

Installiert EE D

max. RES*-infeed: 29.196MWWind: 14.745MWPV: 14.451MWapprox. 48% (09.06.2012)

min. RES*-infeed: 356MW Wind: 356MWPV: 0MWapprox. 0,6% (25.01.2012)

h RES*-production

MW

RES*-infeed

Installed RES*-capacity

*RES: Wind+PV

Seasonal volatility Jan 1st – Jun 30th 2012 (Wind+PV)Installed capacity vs real infeed: the case of Germany

Source: G. Vanzetta


Time-scales of renewables volatility: days/hours

North European Offshore wind power variability in 2030Wind power production aggregated at synchronous area level for offshore wind power in 2030 comparing the production for the High Wind Shut Down vs High Wind Extended Production.

Adapted from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCfAcIz63sc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCfAcIz63sc


Time-scales of renewables volatility: days/hours

Solar eclipse of March 20, 2015

Feed-in from photovoltaic plants in the continentalEuropean interconnected gridSource: SwissGrid report “Grid Data 2014”

Solar-eclipse effects on the 20 kV “EL”feeder of the EPFL


Time-scales of renewables volatility: seconds

Short-term volatility (PV)Example of daily measured power injected by solar arrays at EPFL

Solarirradiance

65%

2 s


The effects of renewables on the MV grid

Changes in distribution networks load behavior (data obtained using the EPFL PMU-basedRT state estimator of the EL 20 kV feeder – see http://smartgrid.epfl.ch)

http://smartgrid.epfl.ch)


The effects of renewables on the LV grid

CIGRETF C6.04.02LV μg benchmark


The effects of renewables on the transmission grid

Impact on the daily load curve: the case of Italy

Sun. June 27, 2010

Sun. June 26, 2011

Sun. June 24, 2012

Source: Terna S.p.A.

Remark#1: possibility to have phases along the day with large reduction of the net power flow on the transmission network.


The effects of renewables on the transmission grid

Impact on the daily load curve: the case of Italy

Sun. June 27, 2010

Sun. June 26, 2011

Sun. June 24, 2012

Source: Terna S.p.A.

Remark#2: need of faster ramping in the evening hours


Technologies/methodologies for the future power grid

Problem Required methods Required technology(ies)

Protection / fault location § Real-time knowledge of the system state

§ Real-time actuation(droop-based, suboptimal)

§ (explicit, optimal)

§ Phasor Measurement Units§ Real-time state estimators§ Distributed storage§ Demand-side response

RERs short-term volatility

Voltage control and line congestion mgmt in distribution systems

Resources aggregation § Robust optimization§ Adaptive droop ctrl§ Abstract control methods§ Real-time estimation of

system flexibility

§ Agent-based software§ Flexible exploitation of

transmission systemAncillary services

Intra-season storage § Robust optimization§ RER planning§ Network planning

§ Power-to-gas storage§ More hydro / different

market model

time

(Not exhaustive list)

ms

mon

ths



The EPFL Smart Grid campus (http://smartgrid.epfl.ch) within the SCCER-FURIES context

§ Feasible RT monitoring of an active distribution feeder using PMU technology§ Integration of MW-scale Li-Ti storage for the RT compensation of PVs



Problem Required methods Required technology(ies)

Protection / fault location § Real-time knowledge of the system state

§ Real-time actuation(droop-based, suboptimal)

§ (explicit, optimal)

§ Phasor Measurement Units§ Real-time state estimators§ Distributed storage§ Demand-side response

RERs short-term volatility

Voltage control and line congestion mgmt in distribution systems

Resources aggregation § Robust optimization§ Adaptive droop ctrl§ Abstract control methods§ Real-time estimation of

system flexibility

§ Agent-based software§ Flexible exploitation of

transmission systemAncillary services

Intra-season storage § Robust optimization§ RER planning§ Network planning

§ Power-to-gas storage§ More hydro / different

market model

time

(Not exhaustive list)

ms

mon

ths



§ Typically done with droop controls ( f and V )

§ Problems: § system does not know the state of resources (e.g., state-of-charge of a

battery, temperature of a building)

§ all problems made global

§ Alternative: optimal explicit control of power setpoints

§ mathematically complex

§ radical change in grid operation

Real-time control of local grids



Droopcontrol

Commelec

The Composable Framework for Real-Time Control of Active Distribution Networks with Explicit Power Setpoints – COMMELEC



The Composable Framework for Real-Time Control of Active Distribution Networks with Explicit Power Setpoints – COMMELEC

Reduced Curtailment of Renewables



B

UL1

UL2

Roof PV2

SC

UL3

FC

Faç.PV1

HP

CL

25 kW25 kWh

15 kVA

23 kVA

30 kWp

75 kW2 kWh

25 kVA

15 kW

10 kWp

10 kW

27 kVA 12.5 kVA

630kVA

EPFL's 20kV grid

D

FD

41

05

mF

D1

70

mF

D2

35

mF

D3

70

mF

D5

35

m

20 kV

0.4 kV

630 kVA

EL6 kW

FD6105m

SC630m

SC530m

SC430m

SC330m

SC230m

SC

13

0m

3 x 70 mm23G 10 mm2

3 x 35 mm23G 6 mm2

3 x 16 mm23G 2.5 mm2

3 x 6 mm23G 1 mm2

3 x 25 mm23G 4 mm2

SC2, SC6

FD4, FD5, FD6, SC1, SC3

SC5

FD3

FD1, FD2, SC4

CABLES

PMU locationsLC locations

4V

4I 4I

4I

CONNECTIONPOINT

The EPFL Smart Grid campus (http://smartgrid.epfl.ch) within the SCCER-FURIES context


Conclusions

The massive integration of non-hydro renewables is and will drive major changes in modern power systems infrastructures.Main fundamental and applied research topics involves:§ processes aimed at realizing seamless monitoring

control and aggregation of large amount of highly-volatile and distributed energy RERs;

§ real-time quantification of the contribution to ancillary services of DNs and TNs flexibilities

§ changes in the power grids regional/country planning tools accounting for massive integration of RERs.


Conclusions

SCCER FURIES innovation roadmaphttp://sccer-furies.epfl.ch

http://sccer-furies.epfl.ch

challenges pour les réseaux électriques du futur

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