Challenges of Transportation

in INDIA

DEEPJOT D-27CHANDEEP D-28

JASLEEN D-07 PALAK D-02

INTRODUCTION

• Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nation's economy.• Today in the country we

have a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. • Being a vast country India

needs efficient and cheap transportation system

IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT

• Better utilization of the backward areas linking with the advanced areas

For rapid industrialization & urbanization For removing the scarcity of goods Easy movement people and bringing them in contact with each other

Continued

The nation has just 13 million cars on its roads which is just over 1% of the country’s population.

In addition only 10% of the Indian households own a motorcycle. In India, public transport still remains the primary mode of transport. Indian railways is the largest and fourth most heavily utilized system in

the world.

TRADITIONAL MEANS

Walking Palanquin Bullock carts and horse carriages

Bicycles Hand-pulled rickshaws Cycle rickshaws

MODERN MEANS Railways Road ways Air ways

Water ways Ports and shipping Pipelines

CHALLENGES OF TRANSPORTATION

1. INDIA’s RAODS are congested and of poor quality.

Lane capacity is low - most national highways are two lanes or less. A quarter of all India's highways are congested. Many roads are of poor quality and road maintenance remains under-funded - only around one-third of maintenance needs are met. This leads to the deterioration of roads and high transport costs for users.

2. RURAL AREAs have poor access

Roads are significant for the development of the rural areas - home to almost 70 percent of India's population. Although the rural road network is extensive, some 33 percent of India’s villages do not have access to all-weather roads and remain cut off during the monsoon season. The problem is more acute in India's northern and north-eastern states which are poorly linked to the country’s major economic centers.

3. THE RAILWAYS are facing severe capacity constraints.

All the country’s high-density rail corridors face severe capacity constraints. Also, freight transportation costs by rail are much higher than in most countries as freight tariffs in India have been kept high to subsidize passenger traffic.

4. PORTS are congested and inefficient.

Port traffic has more than doubled during the 1990s, touching 650 million tons in 2006-07. This is expected to grow further to about 900 million tons by 2011-12. India's ports need to significantly ramp up their capacity and efficiency to meet this surging demand.

5. AIRPORT infrastructure is strained.

Air traffic has been growing rapidly leading to severe strain on infrastructure at major airports, especially in the Delhi and Mumbai airports which account for more than 40 percent of nation’s air traffic.

Thank You ! धन्यवाद !

• Challenges

• The major challenges facing the sector are:• • India’s roads are congested and of poor quality. Lane capacity is low - most national highways are two lanes or less. A quarter of all India's highways

are congested. Many roads are of poor quality and road maintenance remains under-funded - only around one-third of maintenance needs are met. This leads to the deterioration of roads and high transport costs for users. Rural Bike

• Rural areas have poor access. Roads are significant for the development of the rural areas - home to almost 70 percent of India's population. Although the rural road network is extensive, some 33 percent of India’s villages do not have access to all-weather roads and remain cut off during the monsoon season. The problem is more acute in India's northern and northeastern states which are poorly linked to the country’s major economic centers.

• The railways are facing severe capacity constraints. All the country’s high-density rail corridors face severe capacity constraints. Also, freight transportation costs by rail are much higher than in most countries as freight tariffs in India have been kept high to subsidize passenger traffic.

• Urban centres are severely congested. In Mumbai, Delhi and other metropolitan centers, roads are often severly congested during the rush hours. The dramatic growth in vehicle ownership during the past decade - has reduced rush hour speeds especially in the central areas of major cities.

• Ports are congested and inefficient. Port traffic has more than doubled during the 1990s, touching 650 million tons in 2006-07. This is expected to grow further to about 900 million tons by 2011-12. India's ports need to significantly ramp up their capacity and efficiency to meet this surging demand.

• Airport infrastructure is strained. Air traffic has been growing rapidly leading to severe strain on infrastructure at major airports, especially in the Delhi and Mumbai airports which account for more than 40 percent of nation’s air traffic.

• Road transport of the country is facing a number of problems. Some of these problems are discussed below:

• 1. Most of the Indian roads are unsurfaced (42.65%) and are not suitable for use of vehicular traffic. The poor maintenance of the roads aggra vates the problem especially in the rainy season.

• According to one estimate there is about per year loss of Rs. 200 crores on the wear and tear of the vehicles due to poor quality of roads. Even the National Highways suffer from the deficiencies of inadequate capacity, weak pavement, poor riding quality, distressed bridges, unabridged level cross ings, congested cities (lack of by-pass roads), lack of wayside amenities and safety measures.

• 2. One major problem on the Indian roads is the mixing of traffic. Same road is used by high speed cars, trucks, two wheelers, tractors, animal driven carts, cyclists and even by animals. Even highways are not free from this malady. This in creases traffic time, congestion and pollution and road accidents.

• 3. There are multiple check-posts, toll tax and octoroon duties collection points on the roads which bring down the speed of the traffic, waste time and cause irritation to transporters. Rate of road taxes vary from state to state and inter-state permits are difficult to obtain.

• 4. Way side amenities like repair shops, first aid centers, telephones, clean toilets, restaurants, rest places are lacking along the Indian roads. There is very little attention on road safety and traffic laws are willfully violated.

• 5. There is very little participation of private sector in road development in India because of long gestation period and low-returns. The legislative framework for private investment in roads is also not satisfactory. The road engineering and construction are yet to gear themselves up to meet the challenges of the future.

• 6. There has been no stability in policy relati ng to highway development in the country. It has changed with the change of government. There are a number of agencies which look after the construc tion and maintenance of different types of roads. Since there is no co-ordination between these agen cies their decisions are often conflicting and contra dictory.

• 7. There is shortage of funds for the construc tion and maintenance of roads. Instead of giving high priority to this task the percentage allocation has decreased over the years While percentage share of plan allocation was 6.9 per cent in the First Five Year plan it has come down to less than three percent in the Eighth Plan.