challenges in testing tactical cloud
TRANSCRIPT
LOGO
Yeshwanta Hebalkar
India Testing Week 2013
Challenges in Testing Tactical Cloud
14th Dec Hyderabad
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Agenda
• Overview of Cloud Computing
• Cloud Delivery & Deployment Models
• Benefits of Cloud Computing
• Testing Cloud or Cloud Testing
• What is Tactical Cloud?
• Benefits of Tactical Cloud
• Tactical Cloud - Usecase Scenario
• Tactical Cloud Computing and Indian Military
• DPP ‘Make’ Procedure Design & Development
• Challenges in Testing Tactical Cloud
• Conclusion
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National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud computing as “A model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources such as networks, servers, storage, applications and services that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”
Essential Characteristics • On-demand self-service
• Ubiquitous network access • Location independent resource pooling • Rapid elasticity • Measured service
Cloud Computing Overview
Infrastructure As A Service (IaaS)
Platform As A Service (PaaS)
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Cloud Delivery Models
Computing Storage Network
Database
Microsoft
.net Java
Objects
Mobile Laptop Tablet Server
Desktop
Software As A Service (SaaS)
Monitor Content Communicate Collaboration
Organization
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Cloud Deployment Models
Internet
Public Cloud
Organization
Internet
Organization
Private Cloud
Private Cloud
Internet
Public Cloud
Public Cloud Private Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
Organization
Private Cloud
Internet
Public Cloud
Hybrid Cloud Multi Hybrid Clouds in a community
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Benefits of Cloud Computing
Expected benefits
• Better utilization of computing resources leading to cost savings due to consolidation of operations and maintenance • Pooling of IT expertise for efficient and effective use of technical human resource leading to improved IT service • Improved service reliability and availability from hardware, network redundancy and data backup • Ability to provide service as pay while use rather than fixed capital cost with higher overhead • Improved overall service performance and response time from flexible, on demand sharing of resources • Improved economies of scale
Cost Reduction
Pooling of Resources
Improved Performance
Service Reliability
Lesser Overhead
Improved Economies
of Scale
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Testing Cloud Or Cloud Testing
Testing Cloud •Intended to test applications deployed on the cloud • Functional validation • Apps to be validated for performance and security deployed on the cloud • Checking app getting established on cloud infrastructure
Cloud Testing •Intended to deliver service to the customer over the network • Cloud Testing intended as Testing As A Service(TaaS) over the cloud • Leveraging infrastructure on the cloud and validating the app
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What is Tactical Cloud?
• Term tactical refers to the military domain •Tactical cloud computing has been defined as “the use of cloud computing technology and techniques for the support of localized and short-lived information access and processing requirements” • Cloud computing in a military tactical environment, supporting series of tasks and/or engagements in real-time within a tight Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act (OODA) loop • Tactical computing – Refers to processing of data from various sensors deployed in land, air or sea • Tactical computing includes shared situational awareness among geographically dispersed forces in a digitally connected battlefield •The network centric warfare (NCW) needs globally distributed system of systems that allows edge entities who are conducting military missions to retrieve the information from ubiquitous sources anytime and anywhere
www.nextgentesting.org Tactical Cloud Computing
Tactical Data
Information Grid
Weapon
Platform Command &
Control Logistics
Fighting
Forces Sensor Intelligence Personnel
– Net-Centricity – Decentralized Control – Enterprise Services – Shared Data – Web 2.0
Net-Centric Solution
War-fighter
– Stove-Piped Information – Centralized Control – Unique Software Solutions – Data Not Shared – Inefficiency
Challenges with present solution
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• Cloud computing is based on SOA and web services
technologies Grid computing – Sensor grid,
Information grid Virtualization
Tactical Cloud Computing • Tactical battlefield environment pose a more difficult problem requiring special consideration
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www.nextgentesting.org Benefits of Tactical Cloud Computing Mission Effectiveness of the tactical cloud computing The most critical aspect is the effectiveness of the cloud computing which is the single most driver for tactical cloud in military mission. • Improved net-centric capability leading to better planning in terms of operational and strategic levels of military hierarchy • By mobilizing cloud computing resources to capture real time intelligence from battlefield or in case of asymmetric warfare leading to provide superiority in the war fighting chances • More likely to synchronize command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (C4ISR) in the event of attack • Improved interoperability between joint forces in case of joint missions spanning across various groups within armed forces, state police departments, home ministry department, para-military forces
Better Planning
Information Superiority
C4ISR Synchronization
Interoperability
Mission Effectiveness
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Usecase Scenario – Tactical Cloud Consider a situation in which Indian Navy’s coast guard unit deployed in the Arabian sea which is addressing range of coastal security issues
such as smuggling, weapons trafficking, piracy and terrorism. Officer detects cargo ship whose historical data does not match on detection
Coast guard ship having an onboard helicopter, guided missile facility onboard
Helicopter & ship equipped with Computing resources + dedicated sensors and weapon system + additional data processing and storage resources capable of high performance computing required for advanced image processing
Facilitates sensor fusion and intelligence gathering as well as high bandwidth communication systems to access shore based information systems
The high performance computing resources on the helicopter and the ship pooled together to support a private tactical cloud computing environment for coast guard surveillance
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: Tactical
Cloud :Coastal
Cloud
getSensorData()
responseData()
getShipInfo(id:Track-ID) getShipInfo(id:TC-ID)
ShipData( ) ShipData( )
vessel(ID:TrkID, m:AlertInfo) vessel(ID:AI TrkID, m:AI AlertInfo)
Tactical Cloud Computing – Coastal Surveillance Sequence Diagram
:Officer
Usecase Scenario – Tactical Cloud
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The Officer onboard the helicopter utilizes additional resources available in the sensor network and informs Tactical Cloud to determine further data about the cargo ship. 1. The officer initiates a set of requests to local Tactical cloud which in turn automatically
triggers request to the coastal cloud on the shore
2. Response to those requests to lead the Officer to discover that cargo ship does not match its historical data
3. The cargo ship has been classified as a new vessel of interest. The Officer alerts the Tactical Cloud to track the cargo ship
4. The vessel contact report is also pushed into intelligence and coastal domain clouds as per naval commander’s policies of Indian Navy
5. The Officer as part of his duty alerts to the appropriate authorities via SaaS of the coastal cloud to watch for the cargo ship and notify other relevant authorities prior to arrival to the port
6. The Officer continues to coordinate the tracking of vessel of interest until relieved by higher authorities
Usecase Description
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Tactical Communication System (TCS) Modernization of Indian Army
Total order value approx USD 2 Bn
Two Developing Agencies (DAs), namely Bharat Electronics Ltd and a Consortium of Larsen & Tubro, Tata Power (Strategic Electronics Division) and HCL Infosystems
Shortlisted companies to prepare a Detailed Project Report based on which the Ministry of Defence to allocate budget for developing a prototype design by each
One these two DAs, on selection based on the success of the prototype design supposed to develop TCS for the Indian Army
•TCS conceived in 1990
• Evolving as telecommunication system and information carrying vehicle in the Tactical Battlefield
• A new generation meshed network exploiting the growth in microprocessor, radio, mobility and satellite technologies
•Based on light weight high mobility vehicles which will form highly mobile communication nodes connected as a grid
•Largely based on tested COTS technologies.
•Availability of Higher Bandwidth to handle significantly higher data rates and provide Voice, Video and Data
Battlefield Management System (BMS) Modernization of Indian Army
Soldier level
A handheld system providing individual dismounted soldiers with the information and
communication tools they need.
Vehicle level
The system to support tactical units with multi-role functionalities and should be integrated in vehicles as well as with weapons and sensors.
HQ level
The system should have a flexible, multilevel HQ configuration for advanced mission
planning, after action Review and connectivity with higher command.
Total order value approx USD 8 Bn with a Program Life Cycle Support for 15- 20 years Second largest MAKE Program of the Indian Armed Forces after FICV
Deploying BMS solution for 500 + battalions Expected retro fitment into existing vehicle fleet of about 30000 vehicles
Modernization and upgrade of all C4I elements up to a Battalion level for all Arms and Services
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• Total size >10 Bn USD under Make category • Bidders Mahindra, Tata, L&T, Bharat Forge and OFB • L1 to get 70% order value ; L2 -30% • FICV Project announced by the Govt of India under ‘MAKE’ Category of DPP 2011 • Following trials the winning consortia will be awarded up to 70% of the production contract and the 2nd consortia up to 30% (subject to conditions)
Futuristic Infantry Combat Vehicle (FICV) Modernization of Indian Army
User Requirements Specifications
Mobility
Tactical : Tracked , amphibious
Strategic Mobility: Inter / Intra theatre moves ; Within acceptable Dimensions and
Weight
Firepower: Third Generation ATGM, Cannons, Machine Guns, AGL Digital fully integrated
fire control systems
Survivability: against all weapons on the battlefield - use of Hard & Soft Kill Protection
Systems, Mine Protection, NBC
Communications: Battlefield Management System
*DPP Strategic Objectives
*Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP)
Self reliance and indigenization
Modernization of armed forces
• Defence Acquisition - Complex decision making process that balances between
• Competing requirements of expeditious procurement
• Development of indigenous defence industry
• Conformity to the highest standards of transparency, probity and public accountability
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Procurement categories under DPP
Buy Buy would mean an outright purchase of
equipment. Based on the source of procurement,
this category would be classified as ‘Buy (Indian)’ and ‘Buy
(Global)’. ‘Indian’ would mean Indian vendors
only and ‘Global’ would mean foreign as well as
Indian vendors. ‘Buy Indian’ must have minimum 30 %
indigenous content if the systems are being
integrated by an Indian vendor.
Buy & Make Buy Make Buy & Make Indian
Buy & Make Indian ‘Buy & Make (Indian)’ decision would mean
purchase from an Indian vendor including an Indian
company forming joint venture / establishing
production arrangement with OEM followed by licensed production /
indigenous manufacture in the
country. ‘Buy & Make (Indian)’ must have
minimum 50 % indigenous content on cost basis.
Buy & Make Acquisitions covered
under the ‘Buy & Make’ decision would mean purchase from
a foreign vendor followed
by licensed production / indigenous
manufacture in the country.
Make Acquisitions covered
under the ‘Make’ decision would include high technology complex
systems to be designed,
developed and produced
indigenously.
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Typical Procurement Timeline
•Initiation of Procurement Process •Draft Services Qualitative Requirements
•Detailed Technical requirement •Quantity, acquisition category offset obligations, training requirements • Commercial aspects • Evaluation criteria
•Technical evaluation of proposals • Field Evaluation • Staff Evaluation •Technical Oversight Committee (TOC) for Acquisitions ,if applicable
•Commercial negotiations with finalization report •Finalization of offset contract •Approval of Competent Financial Authority (CFA)
•Supply order creation
• Note: In case of ‘Make’ procedure for prototype Design & Development stage for which additional time to be accounted
Project Definition
Preliminary Design
Integration Test &
Analysis Fabrication/ Development
Detailed Design
Performance Evaluation
Prototype Design & Development Cycle
Acceptance of
Necessity,
Issue of Draft
RFP
Commercial
Negotiation
Technical
Evaluation &
Field Trials
Issue of RFP
Award of
Contract
Months 1 4 12 to 18 19 to 24 25 to 32
Involvement of IPMT at each phase for review & early feedback
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Challenges in Testing Tactical Cloud
Network Centric Warfare
(NCW)
Roadmap for NCW among tri services
Interoperability With legacy computer, communication systems,
various private, public clouds from different agencies
Limited Bandwidth Expensive bandwidth under hostile environment
Localized Boundary Defining the geographic localized boundary
Timeliness of Data Time limit for data, computing & communication
Security, privacy,
data/voice integrity
Security coverage for data in tactical battlefield
Changing Roles A war fighter data consumer may become data
producer
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Challenges in Testing Tactical Cloud
Heterogeneous data
sources
Unstructured data such as signals, text, image and
video with different standardization
Uncertain, noisy data Uncertainty in collected data due to weak signal,
packet loss, jamming
Standards & regulations Lack of Indian standards such as JSS 55555 and
regulations such as ITAR
Size, Weight & Power
(SWaP)
Constraints due to competing requirements for
mobility, survivability, firepower
Test Infrastructure &
Environment
Specialized test range facilities available with MoD
Uncertainties in DPP Uncertainties in policies & decision making such as
FICV program
Manpower in industry Lack of trained manpower in industry & training
workforce
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Challenges in Testing Tactical Cloud
Big data Data storage capacity, network congestion in tactical
cloud environment
Malware attacks Malware attacks, advanced persistent threats
continuously posing challenges
Spectrum licenses Spectrum allocation needed from agencies controlling
spectrum (ISRO/ANTRIX – Devas project, ‘S’ band )
RF Communication Need to test all types of weather conditions and
terrain conditions for validation
Troubleshooting & defect
fixing
Very high cost in creating separate development, field
environment
Unable to cover possible
scenarios
Scenarios such as NBC event, NEMP, E bomb event,
urban war such as 26/11 attack and combinations of it
Technology Acquisition Industry, tri-services and Govt. priorities clash from
time to time
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Conclusion
Challenges multi-fold along the critical path
However opportunities in leveraging based on IT industry experience due to synergy
Industrial institutions and national security required to be protected from challenges emerging from cyber warfare
Industry can significantly contribute in order to stay abreast in the context of information superiority from NCW standpoint
Organized by
UNICOM Trainings & Seminars Pvt. Ltd.
Speaker name: Yeshwanta Hebalkar
Email ID: [email protected]
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Thank You
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