chaithanya jhade
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POLITICAL PARTIES IN INDIA
What are political parties? A political party is a group of people who
come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for a society with a view to promote collective good.
A political party has three main components-
1.The leaders
2.The active members and
3. The supporters.
Functions of the political parties
Parties contest elections.
Parties form and run governments in country.
Parties put different policies and programmes.
Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.
Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition to the parties in power.
Parties shape public opinion by raising and highlighting issues.
Parties provide people access to gov.t machinery and welfare schemes implemented.
What a common Indian think about political parties?
Most people in India tend to be very critical of political parties. They blame parties for all the wrong with our democracy and our political life. the parties were also identified with social and political divisions in our country.
Why do we need political parties?
We can understand the necessity of political parties by imagining a situation where political parties doesn’t exist. Every candidate in the elections will be independent , so no candidate will be able to make any promises to the people about any major changes. The government may be formed but its utility will remain ever uncertain. Elected representatives will be accountable to their consistuency only. No one will be responsible for how the country will be run
Different party systems in the worldSingle dominant partyIn one party systems ,one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed, they are legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. This party may not always be identical to the government, although sometimes positions within the party may in fact be more important than positions within the government. China is an example; Two political partiesTwo party systems are states such as United States of America in which there are two political parties dominant to such an extent that electoral success under the banner of any other party is almost impossible. One right wing coalition party and one left wing coalition party .
Multiple political partiesA poster for the European parliament election 2004 in Italy, showing party listsMulti party systems are systems in which more than two parties are represented and elected to public office. Australia ,Canada ,Pakistan ,India ,Ireland ,United Kingdom and Norway are examples of countries with two strong parties and additional smaller parties that have also obtained representation. The smaller or "third" parties may form a part of a coalition government together with one of the larger parties or act independently from the other dominant parties.More commonly, in cases where there are three or more parties, no one party is likely to gain power alone, and parties work with each other to form coalition government .
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN PARTY SYSTEM
1. Multiple Party system – In 2006 – national parties -6; regional parties -35, non – recognized parties – 612,
2. Rise of Effective Opposition Party
3. Independent Members
4. Existence of many Communal and Regional Parties
5. Absence of Specific Constitutional Provision - Article 19(C) -All citizens shall have the right to form associations or unions.
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Types of political parties
There are two types of political parties –
1.National parties – A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in lok sabha elections or assembly elections in four states and win at least 4 seats in lok sabha is recognized as a national party.
2.State / Regional parties – A party that secures atleast 6% of the of the total votes in state legislative assembly elections and wins at least 2 seats is recognized as state party.
MAJOR NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES
S.N.
Symbol Flag NameAcrony
mYear Party leader
1.Bahujan Samaj Party
BSP 1984 Mayawati
2.Bharatiya Janata Party
BJP 1980 Amit shah
3.Communist Party of India
CPI 1925 A.B. Bardhan
4.Communist Party of India (Marxist
CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karat
5.Indian National Congress
INC 1885 Sonia Gandhi
6.Nationalist Congress Party
NCP 1999 Sharad Pawar
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (INC)
One of the oldest parties of the world
. Founded in 1885 by members of the occultist movementTheosophical Society—Allan Octavian Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Wacha, Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, Surendranath Banerjee, Monomohun Ghose, and Mahadev Govind Ranade
It played a important role in the independence of India.
It was a ruling party till 1977 after independence.
A centrist party in its ideological orientation, the party espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections.
Currently leads the ruling united progressive alliance.
The party's political symbol is hand
Prime Ministers of the Republic of India from the Indian National Congress
Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964)
Gulzarilal Nanda (May–June 1964 and in January 1966)
Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964–1966)
Indira Gandhi (1966–1977, 1980–1984)
Rajiv Gandhi (1984–1989)
P.V. Narasimha Rao (1991–1996)
Manmohan Singh (2004–2014)
Chairperson Sonia GandhiLeader in Lok Sabha Mallikarjun Kharge
Leader in Rajya Sabha Ghulam Nabi Azad
Headquarters 24, Akbar Road,New Delhi, 110011
Student wing National Students Union of India
Youth wing Indian Youth CongressWomen's wing Mahila CongressLabour wing Indian National Trade
Union CongressPolitical position Center-leftInternational affiliation Alliance of DemocratsOfficial colours Aqua ECI Status National PartyAlliance United Progressive
Alliance (UPA)Seats in Lok Sabha 44/ 545Seats in Rajya Sabha 68 / 245
BHARTIYA JANTA PARTY (BJP)
The BJP is the current form of the erstwhile Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS, Indian People's Union), which was founded in October 21, 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee
Believes in Indian Nationalism (Hindu Nationalism),Integral humanism, Economic liberalism, Gandhian Socialism, Conservatism, Social conservatism.
Came to power in 1998 as the leader of national democratic alliance.
Earlier limited to the northern and western parts of the country.
The principal opposition party in lok sabha.
The party's political symbol is a lotus
Bharatiya Janata Partyभा�रती�य जनती� पा�र्टी�
Chairperson Amit Shah
Parliamentary Chairperson Narendra Modi
Leader in Lok Sabha Narendra Modi(Prime Minister)
Leader in Rajya SabhaArun Jaitley(Minister of Finance, Defence & Corporate Affairs)
Former Prime Minister(s) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Founded 6 April 1980; 34 years ago
Preceded by Bharatiya Jana SanghJanata Party
Headquarters11 Ashoka Road,New Delhi 110001
Newspaper Kamal Sandesh
Student wing Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad
Youth wing Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha
Women's wing BJP Mahila MorchaPeasant's wing BJP Kisan Morcha
Ideology
Hindu nationalism (Hindutva)Gandhian socialism[1]
Integral humanismConservatism
Political position Right wing[2][3]
International affiliation NoneColours SaffronECI Status National Party[4]
Alliance National Democratic Alliance (NDA)
Seats in Lok Sabha 282 / 545[5](
Seats in Rajya Sabha 43 / 245[6](
BAHUJAN SAMAJ PARTY (BSP)
It was formed in 1984 under the leadership of Kanshi Ram.
Stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the dalits and oppressed people.
It’s main base is in Uttar Pradesh and substantial presence in neighbouring states.
The party's political symbol is an Elephant.
Chairperson Mayawati
Secretary-General Satish Chandra Mishra
Leader in Lok Sabha Rajesh Verma
Leader in Rajya Sabha Urmilesh Kumar Bharti
Headquarters 12, Gurudwara Rakabganj Road,New Delhi - 110001
Political position Center
Official colours Blue
ECI Status National Party
Seats in Lok Sabha 21 / 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha 18 / 250
COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (CPI)
It was formed in 1925. The founding members of the party were M.N. Roy, Evelyn Trent Roy (Roy's wife), Abani Mukherji, Rosa Fitingof(Abani's wife), Mohammad Ali (Ahmed Hasan), Mohammad Shafiq Siddiqui and M.P.B.T. Acharya.
It believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and democracy.
Became weak after the split in the party in1964.
Has significant presence in the states of Kerala ,West Bengal ,Punjab ,Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
The principal mass organizations of the CPI are:
All India Trade Union Congress
All India Youth Federation
All India Students Federation
National Federation of Indian Women
All India Kisan Sabha(peasants organization)
Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union(agricultural workers)
All India State Government Employees Federation (State government employees)
Secretary-General
A.B. Bardhan
Headquarters
New Delhi, India
Political position
Far-left
International affiliation
International Conference of Communist and Workers' Parties.
Official colours
Red
Alliance Left Front
ECI Status National Party
Student wing All India Students Federation
Youth wing All India Youth Federation
Women's wing National Federation of Indian Women
Labour wing All India Trade Union Congress and Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union
Peasant's wing All India Kisan Sabha (Ajoy Bhavan)
Ideology Communism
International affiliation International Conference of Communist and Workers' Parties.
Colours RedECI Status National Party[1]
Alliance Left Front
Seats in Lok Sabha 1 / 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha 2 / 245Election symbol
COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA –MARXIST (CPI-M)
It was founded in 1964 due to a split in communist party of India.
It believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism.
Enjoys strong support in West Bengal ,Kerala ,and Tripura.
Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years.
Secretary-General Prakash KaratLeader in Lok Sabha Basudev Acharia
Leader in Rajya Sabha Sitaram Yechuri
Headquarters New Delhi, IndiaStudent wing Students Federation of India
Youth wing Democratic Youth Federation of India
Women's wing All India Democratic Womens Association
Labour wing Centre of Indian Trade Unions
Peasant's wing All India Kisan Sabha
Political position Far-leftECI Status National PartyAlliance Left FrontSeats in Lok Sabha 9/ 545Seats in Rajya Sabha 9 / 250
NATIONAL CONGRESS PARTY (NCP)
It was formed in 1999 due to a split in Indian national congress.
Espouses democracy, Gandhian secularism, equity, social just.ice and federalism. Wants that high offi ces in government must be confined to natural born citizens of India.
It is a major party in Maharashtra and. significant presence in Meghalaya ,Manipur and Assam.
A member of United Progressive Alliance.
Chairperson Sharad Pawar
Founded 1999
Headquarters 10, Bishambhar Das Marg,New Delhi, 110001
Political position Centre/Centre left
Official colours Aqua
Alliance United Progressive Alliance
ECI Status National Party
Seats in Lok Sabha 6/ 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha 6/ 250
Challenges to political parties
The lack of internal democracy within parties manifests in the following:
Parties do not keep membership registers
Parties do not hold organizational meetings.
Parties do not conduct internal elections regularly.
Ordinary members do not have suffi cient information about the party.
All powers get centralized among the top leaders.
Lack of internal democracy
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