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ch2Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The inherited material an infant receives from its parents is referred to as one's A. ancestral characteristics.B. genotype.C. physical and behavioural characteristics.D. phenotype.
2. The observable and measurable expression of your genetic makeup is known as your
A. ancestral characteristics.B. genotype.C. physical characteristics.D. phenotype.
3. Your red hair is an example of _______________.
A. your genotypeB. your phenotypeC. your reaction rangeD. a dominant trait
4. The expression of the genotype is
A. modifiable by a variety of environmental factors.B. not modifiable by environmental factors.C. of little concern to psychologists.D. only known at the infant's birth.
5. The smallest of all human cells is the
A. ovum.B. sperm.C. DNA.D. neuron.
6. The way a person's genotype is expressed in observable characteristics is
A. the chromosomal trend.B. a phenotype.C. an allele.D. their genetic inheritance.
7. Each ovum and each sperm contain
A. 23 pairs of chromosomes.B. 23 chromosomes.C. 46 chromosomes.D. 46 pairs of chromosomes.
8. The process of mitosis is responsible for cell division of the
A. germ cells.B. zygotes.C. body cells.D. chromosomes.
9. Meiosis is
A. unique to sex chromosomes.B. a form of cell division in which the 23 chromosome pairs are halved.C. unique to body cells.D. a form of cell duplication in which the 23 chromosome pairs are doubled.
10. Crossing over occurs A. during mitosis.B. during meiosis.C. only in the ovum.D. during fertilization.
11. The process by which equivalent sections of homologous chromosomes randomly switch places is known
as A. mitosis.B. crossing over.C. meiosis.D. gene splicing.
12. The 22 pairs of chromosomes that are possessed equally by males and females are
A. sex chromosomes.B. autosomes.C. zygotes.D. germ cells.
13. The basic units of hereditary transmission that code for the production of certain kinds of proteins are
A. ova and sperm.B. chromosomes.C. genes.D. DNA molecules.
14. _______________ are structural substances that serve functions such as triggering chemical reactions,
regulating genes, and providing cells with their characteristic physical properties. A. CarbohydratesB. FatsC. ProteinsD. Sugars
15. Activation of a gene for a particular disorder may depend on
A. hormones.B. signals in the environment.C. neurotransmitters in the brain.D. blood enzymes.
16. Two or more alternative forms of the gene are known as
A. chromosomes.B. recessive.C. heterozygous.D. alleles.
17. One's outward appearance is the same as one's genetic makeup only if the genetic makeup for that trait
is A. heterozygous.B. homozygous.C. co-dominant.D. dominant.
18. If you possess blood type AB, those alleles are
A. recessive.B. dominant.C. co-dominant.D. homozygous.
19. You and your partner are expecting your first baby and are wondering who your baby will resemble. You have curly, dark hair (i.e., homozygous) while your partner has straight, light coloured hair. The phenotype for your child will be A. curly, light coloured hair.B. straight, dark hair.C. curly, dark hair.D. straight, light coloured hair.
20. Your sister has normally clotting blood but is a carrier for hemophilia. If she has children, who is most
likely to be affected with this disorder? A. Her female children are more likely to be affected.B. None of her children will be affected.C. Her male children will all have the disorder.D. It depends on whether the child's father has an allele for hemophilia.
21. X-linked characteristics are more common in males than in females because
A. males receive no counteracting gene from their father.B. the Y chromosome is a modifier gene.C. male hormones trigger the release of X-linked characteristics.D. the absence of female hormones triggers the release of X-linked characteristics.
22. Genes which influence the expression of other genes are called
A. modifier genes.B. influential genes.C. dominant genes.D. X-linked genes.
23. Geniuses are born to parents of average intelligence because of the presence of
A. a single allele that determines giftedness.B. a particular X-linked gene.C. a particular configuration of many genes, all interacting with each other.D. hybrid genes.
24. Cataracts are a trait that is influenced by a dominant gene and by
A. maternal age.B. genotype.C. phenotype.D. a modifier gene.
25. What is the most probable parental genetic scenario for a child diagnosed with PKU?
A. Pp; PPB. only the mother is a carrierC. Pp; PpD. PP; PP
26. Phenylketonuria (PKU) results from
A. the inability to metabolize phenylalanine.B. the inability to tolerate milk.C. a decrease of phenylpyruvic acid in the body.D. an excess of enzymes necessary to metabolize proteins.
27. Research into dietary interventions for PKU indicates that
A. treatment should begin by age 2 years.B. early deficits can be eliminated by dietary intervention at any point during the first year.C. the special diet should be discontinued in middle childhood.D. treatment should begin at birth.
28. Which genetic disorder is most significantly affected by the environment in which the individual lives? A. Down syndromeB. Turner syndromeC. Sickle cell anemiaD. Phenylketonuria
29. Through studying the history of sickle cell anemia, one is able to
A. understand the functioning of mutator genes.B. better understand how genetic and environmental factors interact.C. describe the onset and the elimination of a genetic disorder.D.
recognize that the same characteristics of a disorder are present in both the heterozygous and homozygous state.
30. The sickle cell trait has survival value because it is associated with
A. individuals who are physically stronger.B. resistance to tuberculosis.C. individuals who can function with less oxygen.D. resistance to malarial infection.
31. In order for a recessive disorder to be eliminated from the gene pool,
A. persons who are carriers of the disorder would not produce offspring.B. females who carry X-linked disorders would not produce female offspring.C. males who carry X-linked disorders would not produce male offspring.D. all of these would be true.
32. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Heterozygous recessive disorders can be passed to offspring.B. Homozygous recessive disorders have no adaptive function.C. Chromosomal abnormalities can be an X-linked recessive trait.D. Chromosomal abnormalities can be caused by extra chromosomes.
33. Down syndrome is the result of the non-disjunction of
A. the autosomes.B. RNA from DNA.C. chromosome 21.D. chromosome 20.
34. The increased lifespan of individuals with Down syndrome can be attributed to
A. greater understanding of the genetic implications of the disorder.B. advances in the treatment of health complications associated with Down syndrome.C. decreased rates of institutionalization of individuals with Down syndrome.D. earlier detection of the disorder, which can result in a reduction of various complications.
35. Which genetic disorder occurs less often with mothers who are 18- to 39-years-old but more often after
mothers are 40? A. Down syndromeB. Turner syndromeC. Sickle cell anemiaD. Phenylketonuria
36. Jerry is born with a round face, flattened skull, short limbs, and retardation of motor and mental abilities.
The doctors have told Jerry's parents that he has A. Down syndrome.B. Turner syndrome.C. sickle cell anemia.D. phenylketonuria.
37. Which genetic disorder is NOT considered a sex-linked chromosomal abnormality? A. Klinefelter syndromeB. Turner syndromeC. Fragile X syndromeD. Down syndrome
38. Which two genetic disorders are alike in that they are both caused by the presence of an extra
chromosome? A. Down syndrome and Turner syndromeB. Turner syndrome and Sickle-cell anemiaC. Klinefelter syndrome and Down syndromeD. Phenylketonuria and XYY syndrome
39. The chromosomal structure for Turner syndrome is
A. XXX.B. XXY.C. XX.D. XO.
40. Most cases of Turner syndrome result from
A. an abnormal sperm.B. an abnormal ovum.C. non-disjunction of chromosomes.D. atypical autosomes.
41. Which of the following characteristics regarding Turner syndrome is incorrect?
A.
The absence of secondary sex characteristics can be remediated through the application of female hormones.
B. With the successful use of female hormones, sterility is no longer a complication.C. Girls with Turner syndrome are socially immature and lacking in assertiveness.D. Webbed necks and unusually shaped mouths and ears are present.
42. Which genetic disorder occurs only in females?
A. Down syndromeB. Turner syndromeC. XYY syndromeD. Klinefelter syndrome
43. Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of girls with triple-X syndrome?
A. normal secondary sexual developmentB. normal physical appearanceC. impairments in short-term memoryD. greater impairment in spatial abilities than in verbal skills
44. Klinefelter syndrome manifests itself in
A. males.B. females.C. males and females.D. only in infancy.
45. Jeff is a male who is sterile, has enlarged breasts, and may be retarded. Jeff has
A. Fragile X syndrome.B. Klinefelter syndrome.C. Turner syndrome.D. XYY syndrome.
46. Which of the following conclusions is correct about XYY and XXY males? A. XYY and XXY males are unlikely to suffer cognitive impairment.B. The XYY pattern constitutes Klinefelter syndrome.C. XYY and XXY males tend to be shorter than XY males.D. XYY males are no more aggressive than XY men.
47. Pinching or narrowing of parts of the X chromosome characterizes
A. Down syndrome.B. Fragile X Syndrome.C. Klinefelter syndrome.D. Turner syndrome.
48. Which of the following is NOT a reason for developmental disorders occurring?
A. transformations in genesB. alterations in the arrangement of genesC. alterations in the quantity of chromosomal materialD. alterations in the phenotype
49. When exploring the reasons for diversity in the phenotypic expression of sex chromosomal anomalies,
researchers have recognized that A. environmental factors, such as the degree of family support, often play a leading role.B. environmental factors play little or no role.C. environmental factors only heighten the effects of genetic abnormalities.D.
environmental factors more typically affect the individual's neuromotor and language abilities than psychosocial and school abilities.
50. At what point in development is the zygote from an in vitro fertilization flushed into the uterus?
A. immediately after fertilizationB. at the 4-cell stageC. at the 8-cell stageD. at the 12-cell stage
51. In addition to medical and physiological concerns, what type of issue needs to be addressed when
considering the implications of new reproductive technologies? A. developmentalB. familyC. ethicalD. religious
52. Which of the following statements is incorrect about genetic counsellors?
A. They identify families at risk by analyzing inheritance patterns.B. Following genetic testing, they help couples explore ethically laden choices.C. They serve as educators and resource people for health care professionals and the publicD. They must possess a medical degree (i.e., M.D.).
53. For which of the following diseases has a genetic marker been identified?
A. infertilityB. PKUC. cerebral palsyD. Huntington disease
54. On which chromosome has the genetic marker for cystic fibrosis been found?
A. chromosome 7B. chromosome 21C. chromosome 4D. chromosome 14
55. A genetic marker is a form of A. RNA.B. DNA.C. co-dominance.D. mixed heritability.
56. Ethical concerns in the area of genetic counseling recognize that
A. parental expectations about a child can impact the parent-child relationship.B. parental expectations have little impact upon parents' attitudes and responsivity towards children.C. some information, even questionable, is better than no information.D. the behavioural outcome of a disorder is consistent across individuals.
57. An obstetrician would likely order an alpha-fetoprotein assay test if Laura's fetus is suspected of
having A. sickle cell anemia.B. poor uterine positioning.C. a defect of the central nervous system.D. hemophilia.
58. Chorionic villi sampling is a procedure that
A. is administered at the ninth or tenth week of pregnancy, considerably earlier than amniocentesis.B. removes cells from the amniotic fluid to biopsy them during the early months of pregnancy.C. is typically performed at 16 weeks, considerably later than amniocentesis.D. is typically performed just before birth to detect any complications.
59. Which of the following is examined in chorionic villi sampling?
A. fetal brainwavesB. amniotic fluidC. placenta tissueD. maternal blood
60. Amniocentesis is a procedure that
A. carries significant risk of miscarriage.B. is typically performed around the ninth or tenth week of pregnancy.C. requires removal of fluid from the amniotic sac.D. is performed earlier in pregnancy than other prenatal tests.
61. The diagnostic potential of amniocentesis is best when this procedure is performed around the ______
week of pregnancy. A. 8th
B. 10th
C. 12th
D. 16th
62. Which of these prenatal diagnostic tests has virtually no risk to the mother or the fetus, even if performed
several times? A. amniocentesisB. chorionic villi samplingC. maternal blood testD. ultrasound sonography
63. Gene therapy was first used in the USA in 1990 to treat a 4-year-old girl suffering from
A. Huntington disease.B. cystic fibrosis.C. a deadly bacterial infection.D. an immune system disease.
64. One of the more difficult tasks of the Human Genome Project is to A. identify genes on the Y chromosome.B. determine interactions among multiple genes.C. identify genes on chromosome 21.D. identify diseases caused by single genes
65. The aim(s) of the Human Genome Project include(s)
A. identifying the location of genes.B. identifying the location of genes associated with disease.C. making genes accessible for further biological study.D. all of these.
66. The process whereby genetic factors limit an individual's responsiveness to the environment is known
as A. canalization.B. discontinuity.C. differentiation.D. range of reaction.
67. The tendency for growth to return to a genetically predetermined path in spite of environmental
influences that may temporarily deflect it is a description of A. canalization.B. a discontinuous process.C. differentiation.D. range of reaction.
68. Which genetic principle suggests the importance of an environment's restrictiveness or enrichment?
A. canalizationB. reaction rangeC. dominant-recessive genesD. polygenic inheritance
69. The range of possible phenotypes for each genotype is called
A. canalization.B. polygenic inheritance.C. reaction range.D. heritability index.
70. Some traits, like the number of eyes we have, are not greatly affected by the range of environments in
which individuals live. These traits have been influenced by A. the individual's genotype.B. the individual's phenotype.C. the polygenic nature of genetics.D. canalization.
71. A child born with "medium tall" genes for height who suffers a long-term impoverished diet may be
shorter than average; however, in an excellent nutritional environment, this individual may grow up to be taller than average. This is an example of A. the reaction range.B. the importance of healthy eating.C. the famous "height study" conducted by Darwin.D. none of these.
72. Even if we know that a child's IQ is 120, we still cannot predict exactly what genetic codes the child has
for intelligence because intelligence is a trait A. that is highly canalized.B. with a broad reaction range.C. governed by complicated dominant-recessive genes.D. that is not governed by genetics; it is influenced almost entirely by the environment.
73. Reaction range is related more to ______ while canalization is related more to _____. A. genotype; phenotypeB. genetic normality; genetic abnormalityC. environmental influence; genetic rigidityD. genetic rigidity; environmental influence
74. Amanda was born with Down syndrome. The doctors predicted that Amanda's IQ could range from 35 to
70, depending upon whether Amanda receives supportive educational training programs. This variability in Amanda's potential IQ is an example of the A. canalization of intelligence.B. reaction range for intelligence.C. polygenic inheritance of intelligence.D. dominant-recessive gene action with intelligence.
75. Which child would be likely to exhibit the smallest reaction range for the trait of intelligence?
A. a child born with severe brain damageB. a child born with mild brain damageC. a child born to parents with normal intelligenceD. a child born to parents with extremely high intelligence
76. Despite many variations in environmental conditions and rearing practices, most children learn to walk at
about the same time in the same sequence. We would say that walking as a trait is A. unaffected by the reaction range.B. phenotypical.C. learned and practiced behaviour.D. canalized.
77. Generalizing from the text, traits that exhibit a __________ degree of canalization will have a
__________ reaction range. A. low; narrowB. high; wideC. high; narrowD. low; non-existent
78. A strongly canalized trait is one that
A. is easily influenced by environmental conditions.B. is affected little by environmental conditions.C. only appears in certain situations.D. has a large reaction range.
79. Generalizing from the text, one would predict that characteristics that exhibit a __________ degree of
canalization would display a __________ level of concordance in monozygotic twins. A. high; highB. low; highC. high; negativeD. low; stable
80. According to the developmental systems view, the interaction between genes and the environment is
influenced by the child's A. parents.B. culture.C. temperament.D. developmental stage.
81. In Gottlieb's developmental systems view, the influence of the environment and genes is
A. bidirectional.B. orthogonal.C. unilateral.D. temporary.
82. The statement that children influence their parents is most comparable to the view that A. the environment influences genotypes.B. the genotype influences the environment.C. parents influence their children.D. parents influence the child's environment.
83. Because Haley is a sociable, gregarious child, she tends to be noticed by her teachers and peers. How
does Haley interact with her environment? A. inappropriatelyB. passivelyC. evocativelyD. prosocially
84. Evocative genotype-environment correlations occur
A. when biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child.B. because a child's genotype elicits certain types of physical and social environments.C. when children seek out environments they find compatible and stimulating.D. when children have common environmental experiences with their siblings.
85. Niche picking refers to
A. children relying on their parents to build a stimulating environment for them.B.
children and adults being actively involved in identifying and/or creating an environment they find responsive and stimulating.
C. parents following their children's innate cues in building appropriately stimulating environments.D. biological predispositions for traits seen in certain geographical areas.
86. Ramona is high functioning academically and enjoys activities involving repetitive movements and math
calculations. Her classroom teachers were concerned that she would have difficulty participating and completing activities in the regular classroom. Ramona would sob, cover her ears, and rock in her chair when there was too much visual and auditory stimuli or when she did not know an answer to a question. When the classroom teacher asked her to complete a math facts worksheet, the entire class was amazed to see that Ramona completed the math problems within a minute. From that point forward, Ramona was the "math leader" of the class, which not only increased her self confidence, but increased her social interaction with peers as well. What is Ramona's "niche"? A. her good math abilityB. her disorder of autismC. her poor social skillsD. her inclusion in a regular classroom
87. The research finding that shows certain behavioural genotypes to be more strongly shown in adolescence
than in childhood supports the idea of A. range of reaction.B. canalization.C. niche picking.D. reactive processes.
88. You are the parent of a very active 4-year-old child. In an attempt to provide cognitive stimulation for
your child, you sit with her to build puzzles, read books, and fit shapes into cutouts. As your child gets older, you may expect that she will A. still enjoy putting puzzles together.B. participate less in cognitive activities and more in physical activities.C. choose cognitive activities over physical activities.D. become less active due to the early cognitive stimulation that you provided for her.
89. The primary concern for behaviour geneticists is A. identifying single genes that cause changes in behaviour.B. understanding chromosomal errors that contribute to gross developmental deviations.C. identifying the genetic material involved in transmitting personality characteristics.D.
understanding genetic contributions to the variations in individual differences found throughout the human lifespan.
90. Which of the following is the focus of behaviour geneticists?
A. the biochemical basis of behaviourB. genetic mechanismsC. genetic relatednessD. reproductive processes
91. As a behaviour geneticist, you routinely calculate the "heritability factor," defined as ____________.
A.
the percentage estimate of the contribution that heredity makes to a particular ability or type of behaviour.
B.
the percentage of cases in which a characteristic or trait exhibited by one member of a twin pair is also exhibited by the other twin.
C. the strength of the association between two variables.D. none of these.
92. Which of the following is a behaviour geneticist most likely to use as research subjects?
A. ratsB. childrenC. identical twinsD. individuals with psychological disorders
93. Researchers conducting family resemblance studies most frequently employ
A. kinship studies.B. sibling studies.C. adoption and twin studies.D. parent-child studies.
94. Twins which are created by the separation of the zygote following fertilization of a single egg by a single
sperm are known as A. monozygotic.B. dizygotic.C. fraternal.D. mutants.
95. Which of the following is least likely to contribute to similarities between identical twins?
A. geneticsB. niche pickingC. home environments provided by parentsD. parental IQ
96. Two infants are adopted by a family. The infants are the same age and are adopted at the same time but
are not biologically related. Research supports which of the following statements? A. They will show few similarities in personality because their genotypes are not similar.B. The two will have similar personalities because they share a similar environment.C.
They will be similar during early and middle childhood but will become less similar in adolescence due to niche picking.
D.
They will be very similar during adolescence because the environment will have strongly influenced their personalities.
97. Research conducted on identical twins reared apart A. shows that their IQ scores are more similar than fraternal twins raised in the same home.B. shows that the more dissimilar the environments, the less resemblance is shown.C. shows that regardless of environmental similarity, IQ correlations are unchanged.D. argues that the strength of niche picking overrides environmental limitations.
98. Who would you expect to have the greatest resemblance in intelligence?
A. adoptive children and their biological parentsB. identical twins reared apartC. fraternal twins reared togetherD. siblings reared together
99. The common experience shared by two siblings is referred to as
A. family.B. shared environment.C. biological relatedness.D. family drift.
100.Researchers describe differences in family experiences among siblings as
A. nonshared environment.B. family drift.C. sibling rivalry.D. perceptual influences.
101.Which of the following is a "shared experience" among siblings?
A. temperamentB. birth orderC. genderD. alcoholic parents
102.Research can infer that a trait is mostly influenced by genes if
A. children are more similar to their adoptive parents than their biological parents.B. identical twins do not show any resemblance to each other in the trait.C. identical twins show more resemblance in the trait then fraternal twins.D. fraternal twins show more resemblance in the trait than identical twins.
103.Which infants are likely to respond negatively to new situations?
A. difficult infants onlyB. slow-to-warm-up infants onlyC. both difficult and slow-to-warm-up infantsD. antisocial infants
104.The goodness-of-fit model suggests
A. only parents of easy children can adjust their parenting style to fit with their children's personality.B. parental strategies that use gentle discipline will work better for fearful children.C. parental strategies that use gentle discipline will work better for fearless children.D. parental strategies that use harsh and punitive discipline will work better for a difficult child.
105.The correlation between intellectual functioning and genetic kinship bonds is
A. positive.B. negative.C. zero.D. inconsistent.
106.Which of the following characteristics shows the least genetic influence?
A. spatial abilitiesB. IQ scoresC. verbal abilitiesD. creativity
107.In general, studies have shown that the correlation between adoptive parents' IQs and their adopted child's IQ A. increases throughout childhood.B. decreases as the child grows older.C. increases throughout adolescence.D. does not change over time.
108.The child's biologically based style of responding is called her
A. personality.B. self-regulatory set.C. mood.D. temperament.
109.Kristen and Amanda both were born with difficult temperaments. Kristen's mother is flexible, accepting,
and enjoys being with her daughter. In contrast, Amanda's mother finds her infant's behaviour irritating and is often angry and punitive. Which of the following is most likely? A.
Kristen and Amanda are equally likely to develop behaviour problems because both have difficult temperaments.
B. Kristen is more likely to develop behaviour problems because of her mother's behaviour.C. Amanda is more likely to develop behaviour problems because of her mother's behaviour.D. Neither Kristen nor Amanda is likely to develop behaviour problems.
110.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Children who were difficult infants are likely to have difficulty adapting to environmental demands.B. Children who were difficult infants are likely to elicit negative responses from parents.C. Children who were difficult infants are likely to be unchanged by environmental pressures.D. Children who were difficult infants are more likely to develop behaviour disorders.
111.Research suggests that one of the following is likely to occur when mothers experience stress and have
little support. A.
Mothers will form strong bonds of attachment with their infants because they turn to the infants for affection.
B.
The attachment bonds between mothers and infants may be disrupted, particularly if the infant is a rather passive, easy baby.
C. The attachment bonds between mothers and irritable infants are likely to be disrupted.D. It becomes almost impossible for mothers and infants to establish bonds of attachment.
112.If you develop schizophrenia, who of the following is most likely to also develop or already display the
disorder? A. your dizygotic twinB. your monozygotic twinC. your mother or fatherD. your younger brother or sister
113.Which of the following is the most accurate summary of current research concerning the impact of
parental pathology on the development of their children? A.
Depressed mothers frequently have schizophrenic offspring and schizophrenic mothers frequently have depressed children.
B.
While schizophrenic mothers tend to have schizophrenic children, depression in a parent is not associated with negative outcomes for the children.
C.
While depressed parents frequently have children who are depressed, schizophrenia in a parent is not associated with negative outcomes for the children.
D.
Both depression in a parent and schizophrenia in a parent are associated with a vast array of negative outcomes in children.
114.Describe the composition of chromosomes, making reference to DNA, genes, nucleotides, etc.
115.Using examples, distinguish between co-dominant, dominant, and recessive alleles.
116.Describe the differences in transmission between PKU and sickle cell disease.
117.Explain why males are susceptible to X-linked recessive disorders.
118.Describe any three developmental disorders discussed in the textbook.
119.Describe how genetic makeup helps shape the environment. Describe how the environment influences the
expression of genes.
120.What relevance does behaviour genetics have for the field of developmental psychology?
121.What can be learned from conducting adoption and twin studies?
122.Because environmental experiences interact with genetic makeup to determine who we become, describe
some factors in childhood that could influence twins separated at birth to become different.
123.Explain how siblings who possess the same biological parents and grow up in the same household can be
so different from each other.
124.What parental factors might contribute to developmental problems in children who were described as
difficult babies?
ch2 Key 1.(p. 44)
The inherited material an infant receives from its parents is referred to as one's A. ancestral characteristics.B. genotype.C. physical and behavioural characteristics.D. phenotype.
Learning Objective: 1Parke - Chapter 02 #1
Type: Knowledge
2.(p. 44)
The observable and measurable expression of your genetic makeup is known as your A. ancestral characteristics.B. genotype.C. physical characteristics.D. phenotype.
Learning Objective: 1Parke - Chapter 02 #2
Type: Knowledge
3.(p. 44)
Your red hair is an example of _______________. A. your genotypeB. your phenotypeC. your reaction rangeD. a dominant trait
Learning Objective: 1Parke - Chapter 02 #3
Type: Comprehension
4.(p. 44)
The expression of the genotype is A. modifiable by a variety of environmental factors.B. not modifiable by environmental factors.C. of little concern to psychologists.D. only known at the infant's birth.
Learning Objective: 1Parke - Chapter 02 #4
Type: Comprehension
5.(p. 44)
The smallest of all human cells is the A. ovum.B. sperm.C. DNA.D. neuron.
Learning Objective: 1Parke - Chapter 02 #5
Type: Knowledge
6.(p. 44)
The way a person's genotype is expressed in observable characteristics is A. the chromosomal trend.B. a phenotype.C. an allele.D. their genetic inheritance.
Learning Objective: 1Parke - Chapter 02 #6
Type: Knowledge
7.(p. 44)
Each ovum and each sperm contain A. 23 pairs of chromosomes.B. 23 chromosomes.C. 46 chromosomes.D. 46 pairs of chromosomes.
Learning Objective: 1Parke - Chapter 02 #7
Type: Knowledge
8.(p. 46)
The process of mitosis is responsible for cell division of the A. germ cells.B. zygotes.C. body cells.D. chromosomes.
Learning Objective: 1Parke - Chapter 02 #8
Type: Knowledge
9.(p. 45)
Meiosis is A. unique to sex chromosomes.B. a form of cell division in which the 23 chromosome pairs are halved.C. unique to body cells.D. a form of cell duplication in which the 23 chromosome pairs are doubled.
Learning Objective: 1Parke - Chapter 02 #9
Type: Knowledge
10.(p. 45)
Crossing over occurs A. during mitosis.B. during meiosis.C. only in the ovum.D. during fertilization.
Learning Objective: Knowledge
Parke - Chapter 02 #10Type: Knowledge
11.(p. 45)
The process by which equivalent sections of homologous chromosomes randomly switch places is known as A. mitosis.B. crossing over.C. meiosis.D. gene splicing.
Learning Objective: 1
Parke - Chapter 02 #11Type: Knowledge
12.(p. 46)
The 22 pairs of chromosomes that are possessed equally by males and females are A. sex chromosomes.B. autosomes.C. zygotes.D. germ cells.
Learning Objective: 1
Parke - Chapter 02 #12Type: Knowledge
13.(p. 47)
The basic units of hereditary transmission that code for the production of certain kinds of proteins are A. ova and sperm.B. chromosomes.C. genes.D. DNA molecules.
Learning Objective: Analysis
Parke - Chapter 02 #13Type: Knowledge
14.(p. 47)
_______________ are structural substances that serve functions such as triggering chemical reactions, regulating genes, and providing cells with their characteristic physical properties. A. CarbohydratesB. FatsC. ProteinsD. Sugars
Learning Objective: 1
Parke - Chapter 02 #14Type: Analysis
15.(p. 47)
Activation of a gene for a particular disorder may depend on A. hormones.B. signals in the environment.C. neurotransmitters in the brain.D. blood enzymes.
Learning Objective: 2
Parke - Chapter 02 #15Type: Comprehension
16.(p. 48)
Two or more alternative forms of the gene are known as A. chromosomes.B. recessive.C. heterozygous.D. alleles.
Learning Objective: 2
Parke - Chapter 02 #16Type: Knowledge
17.(p. 48)
One's outward appearance is the same as one's genetic makeup only if the genetic makeup for that trait is A. heterozygous.B. homozygous.C. co-dominant.D. dominant.
Learning Objective: 2
Parke - Chapter 02 #17Type: Comprehension
18.(p. 48)
If you possess blood type AB, those alleles are A. recessive.B. dominant.C. co-dominant.D. homozygous.
Learning Objective: 2
Parke - Chapter 02 #18Type: Knowledge
19.(p. 48)
You and your partner are expecting your first baby and are wondering who your baby will resemble. You have curly, dark hair (i.e., homozygous) while your partner has straight, light coloured hair. The phenotype for your child will be A. curly, light coloured hair.B. straight, dark hair.C. curly, dark hair.D. straight, light coloured hair.
Learning Objective: 2
Parke - Chapter 02 #19Type: Application
20.(p. 49)
Your sister has normally clotting blood but is a carrier for hemophilia. If she has children, who is most likely to be affected with this disorder? A. Her female children are more likely to be affected.B. None of her children will be affected.C. Her male children will all have the disorder.D. It depends on whether the child's father has an allele for hemophilia.
Learning Objective: 2
Parke - Chapter 02 #20Type: Knowledge
21.(p. 49)
X-linked characteristics are more common in males than in females because A. males receive no counteracting gene from their father.B. the Y chromosome is a modifier gene.C. male hormones trigger the release of X-linked characteristics.D. the absence of female hormones triggers the release of X-linked characteristics.
Learning Objective: 2
Parke - Chapter 02 #21Type: Knowledge
22.(p. 50)
Genes which influence the expression of other genes are called A. modifier genes.B. influential genes.C. dominant genes.D. X-linked genes.
Learning Objective: 2
Parke - Chapter 02 #22Type: Knowledge
23.(p. 50)
Geniuses are born to parents of average intelligence because of the presence of A. a single allele that determines giftedness.B. a particular X-linked gene.C. a particular configuration of many genes, all interacting with each other.D. hybrid genes.
Learning Objective: 2
Parke - Chapter 02 #23Type: Knowledge
24.(p. 50)
Cataracts are a trait that is influenced by a dominant gene and by A. maternal age.B. genotype.C. phenotype.D. a modifier gene.
Learning Objective: 2
Parke - Chapter 02 #24Type: Knowledge
25.(p. 53)
What is the most probable parental genetic scenario for a child diagnosed with PKU? A. Pp; PPB. only the mother is a carrierC. Pp; PpD. PP; PP
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #25Type: Knowledge
26.(p. 53)
Phenylketonuria (PKU) results from A. the inability to metabolize phenylalanine.B. the inability to tolerate milk.C. a decrease of phenylpyruvic acid in the body.D. an excess of enzymes necessary to metabolize proteins.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #26Type: Knowledge
27.(p. 53)
Research into dietary interventions for PKU indicates that A. treatment should begin by age 2 years.B. early deficits can be eliminated by dietary intervention at any point during the first year.C. the special diet should be discontinued in middle childhood.D. treatment should begin at birth.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #27Type: Knowledge
28.(p. 53)
Which genetic disorder is most significantly affected by the environment in which the individual lives? A. Down syndromeB. Turner syndromeC. Sickle cell anemiaD. Phenylketonuria
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #28Type: Comprehension
29.(p. 54)
Through studying the history of sickle cell anemia, one is able to A. understand the functioning of mutator genes.B. better understand how genetic and environmental factors interact.C. describe the onset and the elimination of a genetic disorder.D.
recognize that the same characteristics of a disorder are present in both the heterozygous and homozygous state.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #29Type: Comprehension
30.(p. 54)
The sickle cell trait has survival value because it is associated with A. individuals who are physically stronger.B. resistance to tuberculosis.C. individuals who can function with less oxygen.D. resistance to malarial infection.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #30Type: Knowledge
31.(p. 55)
In order for a recessive disorder to be eliminated from the gene pool, A. persons who are carriers of the disorder would not produce offspring.B. females who carry X-linked disorders would not produce female offspring.C. males who carry X-linked disorders would not produce male offspring.D. all of these would be true.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #31Type: Comprehension
32.(p. 50-55)
Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Heterozygous recessive disorders can be passed to offspring.B. Homozygous recessive disorders have no adaptive function.C. Chromosomal abnormalities can be an X-linked recessive trait.D. Chromosomal abnormalities can be caused by extra chromosomes.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #32Type: Applied
33.(p. 55)
Down syndrome is the result of the non-disjunction of A. the autosomes.B. RNA from DNA.C. chromosome 21.D. chromosome 20.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #33Type: Knowledge
34.(p. 55-56)
The increased lifespan of individuals with Down syndrome can be attributed to A. greater understanding of the genetic implications of the disorder.B. advances in the treatment of health complications associated with Down syndrome.C. decreased rates of institutionalization of individuals with Down syndrome.D. earlier detection of the disorder, which can result in a reduction of various complications.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #34Type: Comprehension
35.(p. 54)
Which genetic disorder occurs less often with mothers who are 18- to 39-years-old but more often after mothers are 40? A. Down syndromeB. Turner syndromeC. Sickle cell anemiaD. Phenylketonuria
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #35Type: Knowledge
36.(p. 54)
Jerry is born with a round face, flattened skull, short limbs, and retardation of motor and mental abilities. The doctors have told Jerry's parents that he has A. Down syndrome.B. Turner syndrome.C. sickle cell anemia.D. phenylketonuria.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #36Type: Knowledge
37.(p. 53-54)
Which genetic disorder is NOT considered a sex-linked chromosomal abnormality? A. Klinefelter syndromeB. Turner syndromeC. Fragile X syndromeD. Down syndrome
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #37Type: Knowledge
38.(p. 55-57)
Which two genetic disorders are alike in that they are both caused by the presence of an extra chromosome? A. Down syndrome and Turner syndromeB. Turner syndrome and Sickle-cell anemiaC. Klinefelter syndrome and Down syndromeD. Phenylketonuria and XYY syndrome
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #38Type: Comprehension
39.(p. 57)
The chromosomal structure for Turner syndrome is A. XXX.B. XXY.C. XX.D. XO.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #39Type: Knowledge
40.(p. 57)
Most cases of Turner syndrome result from A. an abnormal sperm.B. an abnormal ovum.C. non-disjunction of chromosomes.D. atypical autosomes.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #40Type: Knowledge
41.(p. 57)
Which of the following characteristics regarding Turner syndrome is incorrect? A.
The absence of secondary sex characteristics can be remediated through the application of female hormones.
B. With the successful use of female hormones, sterility is no longer a complication.C. Girls with Turner syndrome are socially immature and lacking in assertiveness.D. Webbed necks and unusually shaped mouths and ears are present.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #41Type: Comprehension
42.(p. 56-57)
Which genetic disorder occurs only in females? A. Down syndromeB. Turner syndromeC. XYY syndromeD. Klinefelter syndrome
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #42Type: Knowledge
43.(p. 57)
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of girls with triple-X syndrome? A. normal secondary sexual developmentB. normal physical appearanceC. impairments in short-term memoryD. greater impairment in spatial abilities than in verbal skills
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #43Type: Application
44.(p. 57)
Klinefelter syndrome manifests itself in A. males.B. females.C. males and females.D. only in infancy.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #44Type: Knowledge
45.(p. 57)
Jeff is a male who is sterile, has enlarged breasts, and may be retarded. Jeff has A. Fragile X syndrome.B. Klinefelter syndrome.C. Turner syndrome.D. XYY syndrome.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #45Type: Knowledge
46.(p. 57)
Which of the following conclusions is correct about XYY and XXY males? A. XYY and XXY males are unlikely to suffer cognitive impairment.B. The XYY pattern constitutes Klinefelter syndrome.C. XYY and XXY males tend to be shorter than XY males.D. XYY males are no more aggressive than XY men.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #46Type: Knowledge
47.(p. 57)
Pinching or narrowing of parts of the X chromosome characterizes A. Down syndrome.B. Fragile X Syndrome.C. Klinefelter syndrome.D. Turner syndrome.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #47Type: Knowledge
48.(p. 44-57)
Which of the following is NOT a reason for developmental disorders occurring? A. transformations in genesB. alterations in the arrangement of genesC. alterations in the quantity of chromosomal materialD. alterations in the phenotype
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #48Type: Analysis
49.(p. 57)
When exploring the reasons for diversity in the phenotypic expression of sex chromosomal anomalies, researchers have recognized that A. environmental factors, such as the degree of family support, often play a leading role.B. environmental factors play little or no role.C. environmental factors only heighten the effects of genetic abnormalities.D.
environmental factors more typically affect the individual's neuromotor and language abilities than psychosocial and school abilities.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #49Type: Knowledge
50.(p. 59)
At what point in development is the zygote from an in vitro fertilization flushed into the uterus? A. immediately after fertilizationB. at the 4-cell stageC. at the 8-cell stageD. at the 12-cell stage
Learning Objective: 4
Parke - Chapter 02 #50Type: Knowledge
51.(p. 59-60)
In addition to medical and physiological concerns, what type of issue needs to be addressed when considering the implications of new reproductive technologies? A. developmentalB. familyC. ethicalD. religious
Learning Objective: 4
Parke - Chapter 02 #51Type: Knowledge
52.(p. 58-60)
Which of the following statements is incorrect about genetic counsellors? A. They identify families at risk by analyzing inheritance patterns.B. Following genetic testing, they help couples explore ethically laden choices.C. They serve as educators and resource people for health care professionals and the publicD. They must possess a medical degree (i.e., M.D.).
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #52Type: Analysis
53.(p. 61)
For which of the following diseases has a genetic marker been identified? A. infertilityB. PKUC. cerebral palsyD. Huntington disease
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #53Type: Knowledge
54.(p. 60)
On which chromosome has the genetic marker for cystic fibrosis been found? A. chromosome 7B. chromosome 21C. chromosome 4D. chromosome 14
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #54Type: Knowledge
55.(p. 60)
A genetic marker is a form of A. RNA.B. DNA.C. co-dominance.D. mixed heritability.
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #55Type: Knowledge
56.(p. 61)
Ethical concerns in the area of genetic counseling recognize that A. parental expectations about a child can impact the parent-child relationship.B. parental expectations have little impact upon parents' attitudes and responsivity towards children.C. some information, even questionable, is better than no information.D. the behavioural outcome of a disorder is consistent across individuals.
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #56Type: Knowledge
57.(p. 61)
An obstetrician would likely order an alpha-fetoprotein assay test if Laura's fetus is suspected of having A. sickle cell anemia.B. poor uterine positioning.C. a defect of the central nervous system.D. hemophilia.
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #57Type: Knowledge
58.(p. 60)
Chorionic villi sampling is a procedure that A. is administered at the ninth or tenth week of pregnancy, considerably earlier than amniocentesis.B. removes cells from the amniotic fluid to biopsy them during the early months of pregnancy.C. is typically performed at 16 weeks, considerably later than amniocentesis.D. is typically performed just before birth to detect any complications.
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #58Type: Knowledge
59.(p. 60)
Which of the following is examined in chorionic villi sampling? A. fetal brainwavesB. amniotic fluidC. placenta tissueD. maternal blood
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #59Type: Knowledge
60.(p. 60)
Amniocentesis is a procedure that A. carries significant risk of miscarriage.B. is typically performed around the ninth or tenth week of pregnancy.C. requires removal of fluid from the amniotic sac.D. is performed earlier in pregnancy than other prenatal tests.
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #60Type: Knowledge
61.(p. 60)
The diagnostic potential of amniocentesis is best when this procedure is performed around the ______ week of pregnancy. A. 8th
B. 10th
C. 12th
D. 16th
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #61Type: Knowledge
62.(p. 61)
Which of these prenatal diagnostic tests has virtually no risk to the mother or the fetus, even if performed several times? A. amniocentesisB. chorionic villi samplingC. maternal blood testD. ultrasound sonography
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #62Type: Comprehension
63.(p. 62)
Gene therapy was first used in the USA in 1990 to treat a 4-year-old girl suffering from A. Huntington disease.B. cystic fibrosis.C. a deadly bacterial infection.D. an immune system disease.
Learning Objective: 5
Parke - Chapter 02 #63Type: Knowledge
64.(p. 64)
One of the more difficult tasks of the Human Genome Project is to A. identify genes on the Y chromosome.B. determine interactions among multiple genes.C. identify genes on chromosome 21.D. identify diseases caused by single genes
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #64Type: Comprehension
65.(p. 64)
The aim(s) of the Human Genome Project include(s) A. identifying the location of genes.B. identifying the location of genes associated with disease.C. making genes accessible for further biological study.D. all of these.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #65Type: Analysis
66.(p. 64)
The process whereby genetic factors limit an individual's responsiveness to the environment is known as A. canalization.B. discontinuity.C. differentiation.D. range of reaction.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #66Type: Knowledge
67.(p. 64)
The tendency for growth to return to a genetically predetermined path in spite of environmental influences that may temporarily deflect it is a description of A. canalization.B. a discontinuous process.C. differentiation.D. range of reaction.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #67Type: Application
68.(p. 63)
Which genetic principle suggests the importance of an environment's restrictiveness or enrichment? A. canalizationB. reaction rangeC. dominant-recessive genesD. polygenic inheritance
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #68Type: Knowledge
69.(p. 63)
The range of possible phenotypes for each genotype is called A. canalization.B. polygenic inheritance.C. reaction range.D. heritability index.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #69Type: Knowledge
70.(p. 64)
Some traits, like the number of eyes we have, are not greatly affected by the range of environments in which individuals live. These traits have been influenced by A. the individual's genotype.B. the individual's phenotype.C. the polygenic nature of genetics.D. canalization.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #70Type: Application
71.(p. 63)
A child born with "medium tall" genes for height who suffers a long-term impoverished diet may be shorter than average; however, in an excellent nutritional environment, this individual may grow up to be taller than average. This is an example of A. the reaction range.B. the importance of healthy eating.C. the famous "height study" conducted by Darwin.D. none of these.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #71Type: Application
72.(p. 63)
Even if we know that a child's IQ is 120, we still cannot predict exactly what genetic codes the child has for intelligence because intelligence is a trait A. that is highly canalized.B. with a broad reaction range.C. governed by complicated dominant-recessive genes.D. that is not governed by genetics; it is influenced almost entirely by the environment.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #72Type: Application
73.(p. 63)
Reaction range is related more to ______ while canalization is related more to _____. A. genotype; phenotypeB. genetic normality; genetic abnormalityC. environmental influence; genetic rigidityD. genetic rigidity; environmental influence
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #73Type: Analysis
74.(p. 63)
Amanda was born with Down syndrome. The doctors predicted that Amanda's IQ could range from 35 to 70, depending upon whether Amanda receives supportive educational training programs. This variability in Amanda's potential IQ is an example of the A. canalization of intelligence.B. reaction range for intelligence.C. polygenic inheritance of intelligence.D. dominant-recessive gene action with intelligence.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #74Type: Application
75.(p. 63)
Which child would be likely to exhibit the smallest reaction range for the trait of intelligence? A. a child born with severe brain damageB. a child born with mild brain damageC. a child born to parents with normal intelligenceD. a child born to parents with extremely high intelligence
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #75Type: Application
76.(p. 63)
Despite many variations in environmental conditions and rearing practices, most children learn to walk at about the same time in the same sequence. We would say that walking as a trait is A. unaffected by the reaction range.B. phenotypical.C. learned and practiced behaviour.D. canalized.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #76Type: Comprehension
77.(p. 63-64)
Generalizing from the text, traits that exhibit a __________ degree of canalization will have a __________ reaction range. A. low; narrowB. high; wideC. high; narrowD. low; non-existent
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #77Type: Analysis
78.(p. 64)
A strongly canalized trait is one that A. is easily influenced by environmental conditions.B. is affected little by environmental conditions.C. only appears in certain situations.D. has a large reaction range.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #78Type: Comprehension
79.(p. 64)
Generalizing from the text, one would predict that characteristics that exhibit a __________ degree of canalization would display a __________ level of concordance in monozygotic twins. A. high; highB. low; highC. high; negativeD. low; stable
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #79Type: Analysis
80.(p. 66)
According to the developmental systems view, the interaction between genes and the environment is influenced by the child's A. parents.B. culture.C. temperament.D. developmental stage.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #80Type: Knowledge
81.(p. 64-65)
In Gottlieb's developmental systems view, the influence of the environment and genes is A. bidirectional.B. orthogonal.C. unilateral.D. temporary.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #81Type: Knowledge
82.(p. 65-67)
The statement that children influence their parents is most comparable to the view that A. the environment influences genotypes.B. the genotype influences the environment.C. parents influence their children.D. parents influence the child's environment.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #82Type: Application
83.(p. 67)
Because Haley is a sociable, gregarious child, she tends to be noticed by her teachers and peers. How does Haley interact with her environment? A. inappropriatelyB. passivelyC. evocativelyD. prosocially
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #83Type: Application
84.(p. 67)
Evocative genotype-environment correlations occur A. when biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child.B. because a child's genotype elicits certain types of physical and social environments.C. when children seek out environments they find compatible and stimulating.D. when children have common environmental experiences with their siblings.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #84Type: Knowledge
85.(p. 67)
Niche picking refers to A. children relying on their parents to build a stimulating environment for them.B.
children and adults being actively involved in identifying and/or creating an environment they find responsive and stimulating.
C. parents following their children's innate cues in building appropriately stimulating environments.D. biological predispositions for traits seen in certain geographical areas.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #85Type: Knowledge
86.(p. 67)
Ramona is high functioning academically and enjoys activities involving repetitive movements and math calculations. Her classroom teachers were concerned that she would have difficulty participating and completing activities in the regular classroom. Ramona would sob, cover her ears, and rock in her chair when there was too much visual and auditory stimuli or when she did not know an answer to a question. When the classroom teacher asked her to complete a math facts worksheet, the entire class was amazed to see that Ramona completed the math problems within a minute. From that point forward, Ramona was the "math leader" of the class, which not only increased her self confidence, but increased her social interaction with peers as well. What is Ramona's "niche"? A. her good math abilityB. her disorder of autismC. her poor social skillsD. her inclusion in a regular classroom
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #86Type: Application
87.(p. 67)
The research finding that shows certain behavioural genotypes to be more strongly shown in adolescence than in childhood supports the idea of A. range of reaction.B. canalization.C. niche picking.D. reactive processes.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #87Type: Knowledge
88.(p. 67)
You are the parent of a very active 4-year-old child. In an attempt to provide cognitive stimulation for your child, you sit with her to build puzzles, read books, and fit shapes into cutouts. As your child gets older, you may expect that she will A. still enjoy putting puzzles together.B. participate less in cognitive activities and more in physical activities.C. choose cognitive activities over physical activities.D. become less active due to the early cognitive stimulation that you provided for her.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #88Type: Application
89.(p. 68)
The primary concern for behaviour geneticists is A. identifying single genes that cause changes in behaviour.B. understanding chromosomal errors that contribute to gross developmental deviations.C. identifying the genetic material involved in transmitting personality characteristics.D.
understanding genetic contributions to the variations in individual differences found throughout the human lifespan.
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #89Type: Knowledge
90.(p. 68)
Which of the following is the focus of behaviour geneticists? A. the biochemical basis of behaviourB. genetic mechanismsC. genetic relatednessD. reproductive processes
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #90Type: Knowledge
91.(p. 68)
As a behaviour geneticist, you routinely calculate the "heritability factor," defined as ____________. A.
the percentage estimate of the contribution that heredity makes to a particular ability or type of behaviour.
B.
the percentage of cases in which a characteristic or trait exhibited by one member of a twin pair is also exhibited by the other twin.
C. the strength of the association between two variables.D. none of these.
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #91Type: Comprehension
92.(p. 69)
Which of the following is a behaviour geneticist most likely to use as research subjects? A. ratsB. childrenC. identical twinsD. individuals with psychological disorders
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #92Type: Application
93.(p. 69)
Researchers conducting family resemblance studies most frequently employ A. kinship studies.B. sibling studies.C. adoption and twin studies.D. parent-child studies.
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #93Type: Knowledge
94.(p. 70)
Twins which are created by the separation of the zygote following fertilization of a single egg by a single sperm are known as A. monozygotic.B. dizygotic.C. fraternal.D. mutants.
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #94Type: Knowledge
95.(p. 69-70)
Which of the following is least likely to contribute to similarities between identical twins? A. geneticsB. niche pickingC. home environments provided by parentsD. parental IQ
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #95Type: Analysis
96.(p. 69-70)
Two infants are adopted by a family. The infants are the same age and are adopted at the same time but are not biologically related. Research supports which of the following statements? A. They will show few similarities in personality because their genotypes are not similar.B. The two will have similar personalities because they share a similar environment.C.
They will be similar during early and middle childhood but will become less similar in adolescence due to niche picking.
D.
They will be very similar during adolescence because the environment will have strongly influenced their personalities.
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #96Type: Application
97.(p. 70)
Research conducted on identical twins reared apart A. shows that their IQ scores are more similar than fraternal twins raised in the same home.B. shows that the more dissimilar the environments, the less resemblance is shown.C. shows that regardless of environmental similarity, IQ correlations are unchanged.D. argues that the strength of niche picking overrides environmental limitations.
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #97Type: Knowledge
98.(p. 70)
Who would you expect to have the greatest resemblance in intelligence? A. adoptive children and their biological parentsB. identical twins reared apartC. fraternal twins reared togetherD. siblings reared together
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #98Type: Application
99.(p. 70)
The common experience shared by two siblings is referred to as A. family.B. shared environment.C. biological relatedness.D. family drift.
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #99Type: Knowledge
100.(p. 70)
Researchers describe differences in family experiences among siblings as A. nonshared environment.B. family drift.C. sibling rivalry.D. perceptual influences.
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #100Type: Knowledge
101.(p. 70)
Which of the following is a "shared experience" among siblings? A. temperamentB. birth orderC. genderD. alcoholic parents
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #101Type: Comprehension
102.(p. 69-70)
Research can infer that a trait is mostly influenced by genes if A. children are more similar to their adoptive parents than their biological parents.B. identical twins do not show any resemblance to each other in the trait.C. identical twins show more resemblance in the trait then fraternal twins.D. fraternal twins show more resemblance in the trait than identical twins.
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #102Type: Comprehension
103.(p. 70)
Which infants are likely to respond negatively to new situations? A. difficult infants onlyB. slow-to-warm-up infants onlyC. both difficult and slow-to-warm-up infantsD. antisocial infants
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #103Type: Knowledge
104.(p. 75)
The goodness-of-fit model suggests A. only parents of easy children can adjust their parenting style to fit with their children's personality.B. parental strategies that use gentle discipline will work better for fearful children.C. parental strategies that use gentle discipline will work better for fearless children.D. parental strategies that use harsh and punitive discipline will work better for a difficult child.
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #104Type: Comprehension
105.(p. 71)
The correlation between intellectual functioning and genetic kinship bonds is A. positive.B. negative.C. zero.D. inconsistent.
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #105Type: Knowledge
106.(p. 72)
Which of the following characteristics shows the least genetic influence? A. spatial abilitiesB. IQ scoresC. verbal abilitiesD. creativity
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #106Type: Knowledge
107.(p. 73)
In general, studies have shown that the correlation between adoptive parents' IQs and their adopted child's IQ A. increases throughout childhood.B. decreases as the child grows older.C. increases throughout adolescence.D. does not change over time.
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #107Type: Knowledge
108.(p. 73)
The child's biologically based style of responding is called her A. personality.B. self-regulatory set.C. mood.D. temperament.
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #108Type: Knowledge
109.(p. 73-74)
Kristen and Amanda both were born with difficult temperaments. Kristen's mother is flexible, accepting, and enjoys being with her daughter. In contrast, Amanda's mother finds her infant's behaviour irritating and is often angry and punitive. Which of the following is most likely? A.
Kristen and Amanda are equally likely to develop behaviour problems because both have difficult temperaments.
B. Kristen is more likely to develop behaviour problems because of her mother's behaviour.C. Amanda is more likely to develop behaviour problems because of her mother's behaviour.D. Neither Kristen nor Amanda is likely to develop behaviour problems.
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #109Type: Application
110.(p. 73-74)
Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Children who were difficult infants are likely to have difficulty adapting to environmental
demands.B. Children who were difficult infants are likely to elicit negative responses from parents.C. Children who were difficult infants are likely to be unchanged by environmental pressures.D. Children who were difficult infants are more likely to develop behaviour disorders.
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #110Type: Analysis
111.(p. 73-74)
Research suggests that one of the following is likely to occur when mothers experience stress and have little support. A.
Mothers will form strong bonds of attachment with their infants because they turn to the infants for affection.
B.
The attachment bonds between mothers and infants may be disrupted, particularly if the infant is a rather passive, easy baby.
C. The attachment bonds between mothers and irritable infants are likely to be disrupted.D. It becomes almost impossible for mothers and infants to establish bonds of attachment.
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #111Type: Comprehension
112.(p. 74-75)
If you develop schizophrenia, who of the following is most likely to also develop or already display the disorder? A. your dizygotic twinB. your monozygotic twinC. your mother or fatherD. your younger brother or sister
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #112Type: Application
113.(p. 74-75)
Which of the following is the most accurate summary of current research concerning the impact of parental pathology on the development of their children? A.
Depressed mothers frequently have schizophrenic offspring and schizophrenic mothers frequently have depressed children.
B.
While schizophrenic mothers tend to have schizophrenic children, depression in a parent is not associated with negative outcomes for the children.
C.
While depressed parents frequently have children who are depressed, schizophrenia in a parent is not associated with negative outcomes for the children.
D.
Both depression in a parent and schizophrenia in a parent are associated with a vast array of negative outcomes in children.
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #113Type: Application
114.(p. 44-48)
Describe the composition of chromosomes, making reference to DNA, genes, nucleotides, etc.
Answers will vary.
Learning Objective: 1
Parke - Chapter 02 #114Type: Knowledge
115.(p. 48)
Using examples, distinguish between co-dominant, dominant, and recessive alleles.
Answers will vary.
Learning Objective: 2
Parke - Chapter 02 #115Type: Analysis
116.(p. 56-57)
Describe the differences in transmission between PKU and sickle cell disease.
Answers will vary.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #116Type: Analysis
117.(p. 56-57)
Explain why males are susceptible to X-linked recessive disorders.
Answers will vary.
Learning Objective: 3
Parke - Chapter 02 #117Type: Knowledge
118.(p. Whole chapter)
Describe any three developmental disorders discussed in the textbook.
Answers will vary.
Learning Objective: All
Parke - Chapter 02 #118Type: Knowledge
119.(p. 62)
Describe how genetic makeup helps shape the environment. Describe how the environment influences the expression of genes.
Answers will vary.
Learning Objective: 6
Parke - Chapter 02 #119Type: Analysis
120.(p. 71)
What relevance does behaviour genetics have for the field of developmental psychology?
Answers will vary.
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #120Type: Analysis
121.(p. 69-70)
What can be learned from conducting adoption and twin studies?
Answers will vary.
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #121Type: Analysis
122.(p. 69-70)
Because environmental experiences interact with genetic makeup to determine who we become, describe some factors in childhood that could influence twins separated at birth to become different.
Answers will vary.
Learning Objective: 7
Parke - Chapter 02 #122Type: Analysis
123.(p. 70-75)
Explain how siblings who possess the same biological parents and grow up in the same household can be so different from each other.
Answers will vary.
Learning Objective: 7-8
Parke - Chapter 02 #123Type: Analysis
124.(p. 73-75)
What parental factors might contribute to developmental problems in children who were described as difficult babies?
Answers will vary.
Learning Objective: 8
Parke - Chapter 02 #124Type: Analysis
ch2 Summary Category # of Question
s
Learning Objective: 1 13
Learning Objective: 2 11
Learning Objective: 3 27
Learning Objective: 4 2
Learning Objective: 5 12
Learning Objective: 6 26
Learning Objective: 7 17
Learning Objective: 7-8 1
Learning Objective: 8 12
Learning Objective: All 1
Learning Objective: Analysis 1
Learning Objective: Knowledge 1
Parke - Chapter 02 124
Type: Analysis 17
Type: Application 18
Type: Applied 1
Type: Comprehension 19
Type: Knowledge 69