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CH18 Toward a New Worldview

Name______________________________________________________________________ Date____________ Per____________

1. Hobbes and Locke DISAGREED in their

belief that

[A] men are created equal

[B] the natural state of men is one of

war

[C] men tend to follow their own self-

interest

[D] men are often ruled by their

passions

[E] a governments power comes from

the people

2. As a result of the Seven Years War,

[A] Prussia was weakened

[B] the French monarchy fell

[C] Great Britain emerged as the

dominate European power outside

the European continent

[D] Maria Theresa ascended to the

throne of Austria

[E] the Ottoman Turks were further

weakened

3. Which of the following is NOT true of

the War of the Austrian Succession?

[A] Austria allied with Prussia to hold

off French ambitions.

[B] It began when Frederick the Great

of Prussia challenged Maria

Theresas right to ascend to thethrone of Austria.

[C] It was essentially fought to a

standoff.

[D] Maria Theresa was able to rally the

Hungarians to her cause.

[E] It violated the terms of the

Pragmatic Sanction.

4. Which of the following presented the

most radical challenge to the traditional

ruling regimes of eighteenth-century

Europe?

[A] Hobbes notion that human nature

requires a ruler with absolute power

[B] Beccarias notion that the goal of a

legal system should be therehabilitation and reintegration of

the criminal to society

[C] Rousseaus notion that a lawful

government must be continually

responsible to the general will of

the people

[D] Lockes notion that humans are born

tabula rasa

[E] the concept of religious toleration

5. The seventeenth-century astronomer who

first suggested that the planets orbitswere ellipticl rather than circular was

[A] Copernicus [B] Galileo

[C] Newton [D] Kepler

[E] Aristotle

6. Isaac NewtonsPrincipia (1687) was a

milestone is science because it

[A] proved for the first time the validity

of Copernicus heliocentric theory.

[B] led directly to rising life

expectancies among the uppermiddle class.

[C] rejected the planetary laws

established by Kepler.

[D] demonstrated how the universe

worked through exaplainable

natural forces.

[E] bridged disagreements that had

alienated the Catholic church from

the scientific community.

7. Francis Bacon is an important figure in

the Scientific Revolution because he

[A] expanded the theory of universal

gravitation.

[B] founded the first scientific society.

[C] discovered how the human bodys

circulatory system functions.

[D] argued for empiricism and

indeductive reasoning in analyzing

the physical world.

[E] pioneered the field of microbiology.

8. Which of the following is most closel

associated with the advances in huma

anatomy during the sixteenth century?

[A] Vesalius [B] Pierre Bayl

[C] Tycho Brahe

[D] Robert Bakewell

[E] Leonardo Bruni

9. Which of the following belief systems

was represented by a secualr view of

universe?

[A] Deism [B] Scholastici

[C] Jansenism [D] Skepticism

[E] Presbyterianism

10. Whereas you...in the year 1615 were

denounced to this Holy Office for hol

as true the false doctrine taught by mathat the sun is the center of the world

immoveable, and that the earth move

and is also with a diurnal motion...for

having disciples to whom you taught t

same doctrine; for holding

correspondence with certain

mathematicians for Germany concern

the same...

The above quotation from a Catholic

council to Galileo helps explain the

[A] formal acceptance by the Roman

Catholic Church of Copernicus

heliocentric theory

[B] increased popularity of Aristotle

view of the universe

[C] growing interest inscience amon

Europes masses

[D] New Item

[E] increased domination of Protesta

countries in scientific innovation

[F] rising influence of Galileo withi

the highest levels of the Roman

Catholic Church

11. Which powers participated in the

partitioning of Poland in the late 18th

century?

[A] Prussia, Russia and Austria.

[B] Sweden, Saxony, and Austria.

[C] The Ottoman Empire, Russia, an

Prussia.

[D] Italy, Austria, and Russia.

[E] Sweden, Prussia, and Russia.

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12. The accomplishments of Frederick II

included all of the following except

[A] territorial expansion.

[B] promotion of education.

[C] economic improvements.

[D] judicial and bureaucratic reform.

[E] restructuring the Prussian social

system.

13. According to the text, Catherine the

Great changed course from support for

enlightened reforms in Russia to shoring

up the power of the Russian nobility

following which of these events?

[A] The American Revolution,

beginning in 1775.

[B] The Second Partition of Poland in

1793.

[C] Publication of Diderots

Encyclopediain 1765.

[D] The French Revolution (from 1789).

[E] The Pugachev Rebellion of 1773.

14. In hisEssay Concerning Human

Understanding, John Locke claimed that

[A] sovereign authority rests in the

hands of the people.

[B] human development is determined

by education and society.

[C] people are born corrupt and society

must reeducate them.

[D] governments are formed bycontracts among free individuals.

[E] all people are born with certain

ideas and ways of thinking.

15. All of the following are later

Enlightenmentphilosophes except

[A] David Hume.

[B] Marquis de Condorcet.

[C] Baron Paul dHolbach.

[D] Madame du Chtelet.[E] Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

16. In his Spirit of Laws, Montesquieu

argued for

[A] enlightened absolutism.

[B] popular sovereignty.

[C] cultural relativism.

[D] the separation of governmental

powers.

[E] direct democracy.

17. Which of the following people had the

biggest impact on the philosophy and

practices of Frederick the Great?

[A] Marquis de Condorcet

[B] Cardinal Richelieu

[C] Voltaire [D] Abbe Sieyes

[E] Louis St. Just

18. All of the following sought to rule as

Enlightened monarchs EXCEPT

[A] Frederick the Great

[B] Napoleon I [C] Peter the Great

[D] Joseph II

[E] Catherine the Great

19. Which of the following was an important

spokesperson for the increased rights of

women during the French Revolution?

[A] Angela Merici

[B] Madame de Pompadour

[C] Olympe de Gouges

[D] Catherine de Medicis

[E] Christine de Pisan

20. The enlightened policies of Frederick II

of Prussia included all of the following

except

[A] promoting schools.

[B] abolition of the torture of prisoners.

[C] freeing the Prussian serfs.

[D] religious toleration.

[E] permitting scholars wide latitude to

publish what they wished.