ch. 7 notes
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Biology of Cells. Ch. 7 Notes. History of Cells. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.”. Modern Cell Theory. Cell Theory : ***Cells are the smallest working units of life. ***All living things are made of cells. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ch. 7 Notes
Robert Hooke (1665).
Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.”
History of Cells
Cell Theory: ***Cells are the
smallest working units of life.
***All living things are made of cells.
***All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Modern Cell Theory
The cell is like a factory.
People and machines perform functions in a factory.
There are parts of a cell that also perform different functions.
Cell Factory
All factories produce a product.
CELL PRODUCT=PROTEINS Cell’s DNA codes for
proteins! All cells in an organism
have the same DNA, but different cell types produce different proteins.
What is needed to build a protein?
Cell Factory
Cytoplasm- watery substance inside all cells.
Consists of water and anything in it.
Parts of All Cells
ALL CELLS HAVE A CELL MEMBRANE
Cell membrane- “door” to the factory that’s made of lipids and proteins.
Also known as the phospholipid bilayer.
Semi-permeable-only certain things pass through.
Aids in homeostasis—stableinternal conditions
Parts of All Cells
Phospholipid Structure
Hydrophilic = “water loving” Hydrophobic = “water hating”
Phospholipid Structure
Receptor proteins- allow cells to talk to one another.
Cells send “messages” and others receive them with receptors.
Hormones-cellular messages Ex.) Testosterone
Parts of All Cells
Marker proteins -gives your cells an “identity.”
Distinguishes your cells from other cells.– Blood and tissue
types– Immune system
A marker
No markerA and B markers
B marker
Parts of All Cells
Channel proteins -allow molecules to pass through the membrane.
Selective about what passes through.
Parts of All Cells
Ribosomes -“assembly line workers.”
They build proteins. Found all over cell Once built, proteins are
either used by cell or shipped out to other cells.
Parts of All Cells
Bacteria Small No organelles
except ribosomes.
No nucleus. Simple
Anything other than bacteria, like plants and animals, have these cells
Large cells. Organelles. True nucleus. Complex
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Cells
Organelles - little, specialized organs
found in all eukaryotic cells, not prokaryotic.
Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus-“central office” of the cell that contains DNA where most cell activity is started
DNA carries instructions for how to build something. What?
Nucleus is surrounded by a porous membrane. Why?
Another organelle the nucleolus, is found in the nucleus and makes the ribosomes.
Cell Video —4min
Eukaryotic Organelles
Mitochondria-powerhouse of the cell where cellular respiration occurs.
Some cells have more than others—why?
Contain own DNA Supplies cell with energy through
cellular respiration--convert food energy (carbs) to cellular energy (ATP).
Eukaryotic Organelles
Cellular respiration- process that occurs in mitochondria in which organisms consume carbohydrates and oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide, water, and energy for life (ATP).
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
This is why we use oxygen and how we use carbs to get energy!!!
Plants and animals all respire The opposite of photosynthesis!!!
Eukaryotic Organelles
Endoplasmic reticulum -“highway” system throughout inside of cell.
Materials can travel on it throughout the cell.
Rough ER vs. Smooth ER.
Eukaryotic Organelles
Golgi apparatus-“packaging center” of the cell.
Puts finishing touches on proteins and prepares them for shipment out of the cell.
Eukaryotic Organelles
Lysosome -recycling center. Repairs damaged cell parts. Sometimes parts are beyond repair.
Eukaryotic Organelles
Vacuoles-storerooms in plant and animal cells. What would they store?
Larger in plant cells than animal cells. Why?
If they shrivel, so does the cell
Eukaryotic Organelles
Cell wall for structure AND cell membrane.
Larger vacuoles. Chloroplasts
Cell membrane only.
Small vacuoles. No chloroplasts.
Plant vs Animal Eukaryotic Cells
Plant vs Animal Eukaryotic Cells
•Cell wall -surrounds the plant cell membrane•Is made of cellulose, a carb—paper is this.•Give plant cells support and structure•Protect cell from bursting if vacuole absorbs a lot of water
Plant Eukaryotic Cells
Chloroplast-organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
Have DNA like mitochondria Chlorophyll-green
pigment in chloroplasts that gathers sunlight needed for this process
Plant Eukaryotic Cells
•Chloroplasts found only in photosynthetic organisms (plant cells, some bacteria, and some protists)•Make energy source (carbs) from light
Plant Eukaryotic Cells
Source of energy for ALL life on Earth!!!
Reactants
1. Water
2. Carbon Dioxide
3. Sunlight
Products
1. Oxygen gas
2. Glucose (a carb)
Photosynthesis in Plant Cells
Photosynthesis in Plant Cells
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis in Plant Cells
Endosymbiotic Theory -mitochondria and chloroplasts were once prokaryotic cells that were taken in by other prokaryotes.
Creation of first eukaryotic “organelles”
Prokaryotes evolved into eukaryotes Endosymbiotic Theory—3min
Endosymbiotic Theory