ch 6 notes. the periodic table - elements are arranged in groups based on properties dmitri...
TRANSCRIPT
Ch 6 Notes
The Periodic Table -
• elements are arranged in groups based on properties
• Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements according to atomic mass and used the arrangements to predict the properties of missing elements.
• The modern periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
• The atomic number is the total number of protons in the nucleus.
• The electron mostly determines the properties of an element.
• Indium: ______ protons ______ electrons
• 49 49
• Groups -
• Vertical
• Columns
• Periods – Horizontal Rows
• Magnesium is in the same group as calcium.
Magnesium is in the same period as phosphorus.
Three classes of elements are metals, nonmetals, and
metalloids.
• Metals include the majority of the elements.
Pt is a metal. Si is a metalloid. Kr is a nonmetal.
Metals are shiny, malleable (hammered into sheets), ductile (drawn into wires),
solid at room temperature, and good conductors of electricity.
Nonmetals are poor conductors of electricity, often gases at room temperature, and brittle if
solid.
Metalloids have some properties of metals and nonmetals.
Antimony
Boron
Arsenic
Germanium
Group 1A - alkali metals
Group 2A - alkaline earth metals
Group 7A - halogens
Group 8A - noble gases
Groups 1A through 7A - representative elements
Group B - transition metals
Aluminum is a representative element.
Copper is a transition metal.
Na is an _______________________
• alkali metal
Mg is an _______________________
• alkaline earth metal
F is a ________________________
• halogen
Ne is a ______________________
• noble gas
Ag is a ______________________
• transition metal
There are 5 electrons in the valence level of an element in
Group 5A.
N, P, As, and Sb have the same number of electrons in their
valence levels.
The electron configuration for an element in the halogen group should always end with ns2np5. The electron configuration of the
element chlorine ends in 3s23p5.
Noble gases (inert gases) have their highest occupied s and p
sublevels filled.
Fe contains an electron in a d sublevel.