Ch. 22, Section 2

Association of workers organized to improve wages & working conditions

Groups have more power than individuals

National Labor Relations Board – regulates elections and union existence

Types of UnionsTrade

ExampleIndustry

Example

Union Guessing Game

Amer. Federation of Federal Employees

United American Nurses

Airline Pilots Assoc.

Amer. Federation of Teachers

American Postal Workers Union

Development1800sPoor working

conditionsWorkers fired for no

reasonWorkers blacklisted

Knights of Labor1st major union

founded in 1869Organized all

laborersTerrence V.

Powderly1886 peak of

membership at 700,000

Ended in 1900

American Federation of Labor (AFL)Organized in 1886Denied unskilled

workers, women, African Americans & immigrants

Samuel GompersFought for higher

wages, shorter hours & benefits for disabled

By 1900 membership reached 500,000

Samuel Gompers

Closed Shop – Companies hire only union members

Union Shop – Workers must join the union after a specified time

Agency Shop – Not required to join a union, but must pay dues

Open Shop – Companies may hire workers regardless of membership

Modified Union Shop – Workers given an option to join a union after hiring

Closed shop is illegal for any company making goods sold in other states

Allowed states to ban union shop and create right to work laws

Anti-Taft-Hartley Act Posters

What type of business is McDonald’s?

1. Corporation2. Partnership3. Sole-Proprietorship4. Franchise

Process where union leaders & employers discuss employment terms

Compromise is the issue3 steps

Negotiation – Labor & management meet to discuss contract issues

Mediation – A neutral 3rd party hears both sidesFederal Mediation & Conciliation Service

provides a mediatorArbitration – 3rd party makes a final

decision of compromise

Many African countries have: 1. Traditional Economies2. Command Economies3. Market Economies4. Laser Taser Watches

Worker/Union Strikes – workers refuse to workPicketing – used to discourage other

workers from workingBoycott – Refuse to purchase goods or

services from the companyScab – Worker willing to work on company

termsBusiness/Management

LockoutBlacklist

Strike Picketing

ViolenceScabs/Strikebreakers

1869 – Knights of Labor founded 1886 – AFL founded 1882 – First Labor Day parade 1892 – Homestead Strike 1911 – Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire 1912 – Bread and Roses strike; Dept. Labor founded 1914 – Ludlow Massacre 1920 – Women get right to vote in US 1946 – Largest strike wave in US history 1947 – Taft-Hartley Act 1955 – AFL and CIO merge 1970 – Occupational Safety and Health Act passed (OSHA) 1981 – President Reagan breaks air traffic controllers

strike 2013 – Union membership hits 97 year low (14.3 million

union members, 11.3% of population)

How many people are a part of the AFL-CIO today?

1. 160 million2. 13 million3. 2 million4. 500,000

If an item has competing brands it is defined as:1. Complimentary2. Mr. Freeze3. Inelastic4. Elastic

Right to Work States Prevents unions from

forcing workers to join Movement of Human Capital

Rust belt – the North Sun belt – the South Factories & businesses

moved from the rustbelt to the sunbelt Weather was betterCheaper laborNo existing unions

White collar vs. Blue collar jobsWhite Collar = upper

managementLot of news lately on

white collar crime in big business. Example: Enron, Merrill Lynch

Blue Collar = working class, usually doing manual labor Blue Collar Workers

Right to Work States in Blue

Right to Work States – Why it matters?