The Industrial Revolution Section 1

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Preview

• Starting Points Map: Resources of Great Britain

• Main Idea / Reading Focus

• A Revolution in Great Britain

• A Revolution in Textiles

• Steam Powers the Revolution

• Faces of History: James Watt

• Industrialization Spreads

A New Kind of Revolution

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

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The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Reading Focus

• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?

• How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles?

• How did steam power the Industrial Revolution?

• Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?

Main Idea

1. In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries.

A New Kind of Revolution

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution.

• Exploration and colonialism

• Seapower

• Political stability

• Government support

• Growth of private investment

Factors for Success• Research and development on

farms

• Jethro Tull, seed drill

• Improved livestock breeding

• Better varieties of food crops

– Increased food supply

– Population grew

• Enclosure movement

Agricultural Factors

A Revolution in Great Britain

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Britain’s Big Advantage

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain.

• Had essential elements for economic success

• Factors of production

– Land

– Labor

– Capital

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Find the Main Idea

Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial

Revolution?Answer(s): Colonies around the world supplied raw materials; powerful navy and merchant fleet facilitated trade; waterways provided power and transportation; enclosure movement led to large labor supply; private investors provided funds for investment; coal and iron deposits provided needed resources

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

2. Textile Industry• Beginning of Industrial Revolution• Weaving was a cottage industry• Labor performed at home• Industrialization transformed this

• Fabric made of wool or cotton• Supply of fibers increased in the

1700s• Slave labor in America• Invention of cotton gin• Invention of spinning jenny• Invention of flying shuttle

New Way of Making Cloth• Cottages too small

• Factory invented

• Power for factories?

• Water frame for water power

• Output increased 8x by 1770

Cloth-making in Factories

A Revolution in Textiles

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Identify Problem and Solution

How did machines solve problems that weavers faced?

Answer(s): spinning jenny and spinning frame spun thread into yarn, "flying shuttle" and power loom made weaving faster

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

• Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel

• Wood scarce

• Coal mining industry

• Changing landscapes

• Dangers of mining

Coal for Steam Engines

• First successful steam engine in 1712

• Innovations by James Watt

• Steam power versus water power

• Steam locomotives

• Steamships

• Robert Fulton

Development of Steam Engine

Steam Powers the Revolution

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Make Generalizations

What impact did the steam engine have on the growth of British industry?

Answer(s): major impact; used in textile mills, factories could be located away from rivers, powered locomotives and ships, led to development of coal as a resource, more factories built near northern coal mines

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

3. Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry?

• Political liberty

• Freedom to compete

• Rewards reaped

• Exploitation and improvements

Why Western Countries?

• British restrictions

• Hamilton, 1791

• Samuel Slater

– Water frame

– Slater’s Mill

• Lowell’s Mill

America

• Belgium, 1807

• France, 1815

• Germany, 1850

– Railroads

– Treaties

Europe

Industrialization Spreads

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Industry in Asia

Eventually, industry spread to Asia.

• Japan first in 1868

• Meiji government

• The 1900s—industrialization for

– China

– India

– Russia

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Compare and Contrast

How did industrialization in Britain compare to the process in America and Europe?

Answer(s): Britain industrialized first, America and Europe benefited from earlier inventions; Lowell factory in Massachusetts was first all-in-one mill; political issues delayed industrial development in continental Europe