ch 15 civil war part 1.pptx

7/29/2019 ch 15 civil war part 1.pptx

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Early Timeline of SECESSION

Nov. 1860 Lincoln wins Presidential

election ( p. 351)

Dec. 20, 1860 South Carolina seceded

from the union (p. 352)

Feb. 1, 1861 Mississippi, Florida,

Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas

join SC


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Development of Confederacy Feb. 1861 - the seven Deep South States meet in

Montgomery. Ala. and form the Confederacy (p352)

a new constitution is adopted, just like US

except in two areas State's rights are stronger

and slavery cannot be abolished

Jefferson Davis is elected President of the

Confederacy Moderates on both sides called for Peace

Conference in DC to resolve the changes


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Confederate Cabinet


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Inauguration of Lincoln Lincoln is inaugurated in March 4, 1861, (p. 358)

has 3 options about the South.

1 compromise - allow slavery in the South

2 accept separation acknowledge Confederacy as a new nation.

Lincoln was opposed to this

3 force change through war Lincoln ordered martial law in Maryland

federal troops occupy DC and Maryland to prevent sympathizers

from aiding the confederate cause.


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Beginnings of the War 1861Ft. Sumter (p. 359) Apr. 6

Lincoln supply

Apr. 10 Davis demands surrender

Apr. 12

Ft. is attacked

Apr. 14 Ft surrendered

Lincoln orders blockade


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Battle of Ft.

SumterThis Currier and Ives

lithograph depicts the

bombardment of Fort

Sumter on April 12-13,

1861. The soldiers firedfrom Fort Moultrie in

the Charleston harbor,

which the Union had

evacuated the previous

December in itsattempt to strengthen

Fort Sumter. (Library of

Congress)


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Upper South & Border States Virginia

Arkansas

Tennessee

North Carolina

(see p. 359)

Maryland

Delaware

Kentucky

Missouri

Washington, DC


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The Border States Four strategically important border states did not secede:Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware. These states could have added 40 percent to the white population

and military manpower of the Confederacy as well as 80 percent toits manufacturing capacity.

The border states also hurt the Confederate argument that thesouthern states were forced to secede in order to protect their rightto own slaves.

In Maryland, Lincoln cracked down on dissent by declaringmartial law and arresting pro-Confederate leaders.

In Missouri, guerilla warfare broke out.

Kentucky also remained in the Union but sent troops to bothsides.


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ah3_m012 Secession


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Comparison of Resources

N -S people Union Confederacy 23 states 11 states

22 million 9 million/3.5 mil. slaves

2/3 population - 1 mil. workers 110,000 workers

(71% total) (29% total)

4/5 factories $1.5 billion $155 million

(91% production) (9% production)

110,000 plants 18,000 plants

See chart p. 361


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Comparative Resources, North and

South, 1861 see p. 361


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Motivation for joining & fightingsee p. 360

Early many young menwere eager

More volunteered than

could be supplied Reasons for joining were

not same as reasons forre-enlisting or not

deserting

Duty

Loyalty to home

Patriotism

Defense of home

Manhood

Bounty money

Slavery


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RichmondDispatch

advertisement

for substitute

soldiers.


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Military Strength

neither side had a strong army

volunteers - 90 days later 3 years

UNION

West Point few officers

age 18-77

583 end of war in 1861 - 187,000

average age of troops 20

soldier's pay $13 month

More substitutes & deserters

CONFEDERACY

Virginia Military & Citadel

experienced officers Age 16-45

182 officers from union

425 by end of war

1861 - 112,000 $11 month, little supplies

More draftees See conscription

More casualties


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Comparison of NavyUnion Confederacy

established

42 ships

war's end 626 ships

65 ironclads

No navy

captured 11 ships at Norfolk in

1861

1 ironclad + plans to build more

Changing Technology

Repeating rifle & rifled bullets more accuracy

Larger canons the dictator

Submarines & air balloons surprise & recon

Air balloons

Gatling gun not until end of war


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Who are these Union men?

Winfield Scott

George B.

McClellan

Allen

Pinkerton

Ambrose

Burnside

Edwin Stanton,

US Sec. of War


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MAP 16.1a Overall Strategy of

the Civil WarThe initial Northern

strategy for subduing the South,

the so-called Anaconda Plan,

entailed strangling it by a

blockade at sea and obtaining

control of the Mississippi River.But at the end of 1862, it was

clear that the Souths defensive

strategy could only be broken by

the invasion of Southern territory.

In 1864, Shermans March to the

Sea and Grants hammeringtactics in northern Virginia brought

the war home to the South. Lees

surrender to Grant at Appomattox

Courthouse on April 9, 1865,

ended the bloodiest war in the

nations history.

Anaconda plan p.


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Armies & NamingUNION CONFEDERACY

Named armies after bodies

of water

Usually rivers

Potomac

Ohio

Cumberland

Named battles after creeksor water

Bull Run

Antietam

Named armies after regions

Northern Virginia

Tennessee

Named battle after

crossroads

Manassas

Sharpsburg


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Who are these CSA Officers?

Jubal Early

James Longstreet

JohnMosby Jeb Stuart

Thomas Stonewall

Jackson


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The Press and the War

Publics source for information Troop rosters, battles, maps,

Casualty lists

Frank Leslies Illustrated

Harpers Weekly see library

reproduction Website linked on blackboard

Photography Matthew Brady

Tarboro paper see examples

Matthew Brady

www.memory.loc.gov


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NC Attitudes & Leaders Sectionalism

John Ellis 1860-61

Henry T. Clark

1861-1862

Zebulon Vance 1862-65; 1877-79

Source: NC Archives


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North Carolina Overview

Statistics of NC in the war

Unwilling Hercules of theConfederacy 8,000 Union including 5,000

blacks

1/6 of Conf. army

2 of every 10 Confederates

were Tar Heels 1/9 of population

125,000 served

20,000 drafted

First at Bethel

Farthest at

Gettysburg and

Chickamauga

Last at Appomattox

Gave at least 25

generals to the cause

& 7 KIA


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Map of CW engagements


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William Dorsey Pender Edgecombe County 1834 Attended West Point & graduated 1854

1st Lt. 1858

Married MaryFannieShepherd March 1859


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Local Generals

William Dorsey Pender- 1834-1863born in Edgecombe County

Seven Pines, Seven Days, Chancellorsville,

dies of wounds from Gettysburg

William Gaston Lewis - 1835-1901

born in Rocky Mount, UNC graduate

Lt.in NC. 1st at Bethel,

Maj. In NC 33rd New Bern, Col. In NC

43rd Gettysburg and Plymouth,

Brid. Gen. At Petersburg, captured at

Farmville,VA, died in Goldsboro


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Halifax County Generals William Ruffin Cox 1832-

1919 Scotland Neck

Spotsylvania, Appomattox

Lawrence OBryan Branch -

1820-1862 Enfield New Bern, Seven Days killed at

Sharpsburg

Junius Daniel - 1828-

1864 Halifax - Seven Days, Gettysburg, killed

at Spotsylvania


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Theaters of war Eastern east of Appalachians to Atlantic

Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland & Carolinas

Western- west of Appalachians to Miss. riverKentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama,

Mississippi.

Trans-Mississippi- west of Miss. RiverArkansas, Missouri, Texas, Indian Territory,

Louisiana


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Edgecombe GuardsJohn Luther Bridgers

1821-1884, Capt. of Edge.Guards,

promoted Col & commander of

Ft. Macon

Henry Lawson Wyattborn Richmond 1842

moved to Tarboro in 1850s

killed Battle of Bethel, Va.June 10, 1861


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Map of

Battle ofBethel Va.

June 10,1861


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Beginning of the War 1861-1862p. 363

Bethel Church

Rich Mt.

1st Manassas Bull Run

New Bern

Hanover Courthouse Seven Pines


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Important Results

of Rich Mt. McClellan wins 3 & promoted to big leagues

Garnetts death brings another promising CSA staff general to

western Va. (Lee) Union victories open the door for a new state West Virginia

32


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1st Manassas July 21, 1861

(Bull Run) p. 363

Manassas Junction 30 miles sw of DC & 65 miles from Richmond

Union McDowell 35,000 troops

Patterson 18,000 at Harpers Ferry

Confederacy- Beauregard 32,000 troops

Longstreet, Joe Johnston, Early & Jackson

Rebel Rose Greenhow Confederate Spy

Entertainment Washingtonians picnic to watch battle!

Jackson gets Stonewall nickname

Casualties U 3,000 C 2,000

Outcome:

North realized Confederate strength

Both sides realized war not end soon- change in recruitment

Limited medical preparations

b d f


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Bombardment of Hatteras

Hatteras & Lighthouse Lens - Aug. 28-29, 1861

Burnside invades NC coast spring 1862- occupiesOuter Banks & makes New Bern center of union

operations


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Slaves escaping to New Bern Formation of James City
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?cwar:1:./temp/~ammem_CVSg::displayType=1:m856sd=cwp:m856sf=4a39561:@@@


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Ironclads p. 366

Wooden ships armed withcannons and covered with

iron

John Ericisson - USA

Rams- no guns originally

Charles Ellet, Jr. USA

Gilbert Elliot CSS in NCLeft- model CSS Neuse at NC

Historic Site in Kinston
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?cwar:1:./temp/~ammem_CVSg::displayType=1:m856sd=cwp:m856sf=4a39561:@@@


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Monitor vs. Virginia (Merrimack) p. 366

March 9, 1862

Hampton Roads, Va.

First engagement in history between ironclads

No clear winner

Merrimack later sunk by Confederates

Monitor sunk in storm off NC Coast Dec 31, 62Completely changes naval fighting making

wooden ships obsolete


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Ivey Forman Born in Edgecombe County, NC 20

Dec 1843, and died 21 Dec 1864.

Joined US Naval academy in 1859

Resigned in 1861 to join

Confederacy

Battle of Hampton Roads March

1862

Buried in Calvary Churchyard seephoto tomb is on the left

ch 15 civil war part 1.pptx

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