Ch 12 Part 4

• The last bit of territory added to the continental U.S. was a strip of land across what is now southern New Mexico and Arizona.

• In 1853, Mexico sold the Gadsden Purchase – to the U.S. for $10 million

• James K. Polk had already secured the Northern U.S. boundary by splitting the Oregon Country with England in 1846. They agreed to split the land at the area of the current Canadian boarder.

• Therefore, this new Gadsden Purchase formed the southern border and gave the United States its current shape. The U.S. now stretched from ‘sea to shining sea.”

Completing the Continental United States

Ok, what is left? Still some holes in the map, where are the missing pieces?

This became Part of the

U.S. in 1783 With the Treaty of

Paris

From the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819

Louisiana Purchase in 1803 from

FranceMexican

Cession - 1848

Annexation of Texas -

1845Gadsden

Purchase-1853

Oregon Country 1848, by Treaty with Great Britain

There we go, It’s Oregon! Is there anything else we are forgetting?

The Gadsden Purchase was nessessary to build a railroad to California

James K. Polk checklist

• Expand the United States– Annex Texas– Fulfill Manifest Destiny– Acquire the Oregon Territory

He also lowered tariffs and established the U.S. Treasury

Disagreements Over the Border of Texas

•The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established the Rio Grande as the border of Texas, but Texans believed the Rio Grande went far past El Paso making much of present day New Mexico, including Santa Fe, part of Texas.

Texas was still in love with Santa Fe

Santa Fe

• In 1848 Governor Henderson sent Texas officials to Santa Fe but the U.S. military commander there refused to give Santa Fe to Texas control.

• The Texans did secure control of El Paso

El Paso

•Texas had originally been denied as a state in 1836 because the Northern states did not want Texas to join the U.S. as a slave state. However, as long as the number of slave states was even with the number of free states, both sides were happy.

•If Texas was able to control the land of New Mexico, that would have made it open to slavery, and the Northern states refused to allow that.

Slave sale in Easton, Maryland

Issue of Slavery

Compromise of 18501.California became a free

state

2.New Mexico and Utah became territories and voted as to whether or not they wanted slavery

3.The slave trade, but not slavery itself was ended in Washington D.C.

4.The Fugitive Slave Law was passed.

Henry Clay, the Great Compromiser, negotiates the

Compromise of 1850 in the U.S. Congress.

Let’s make a deal!

Compromise of 1850• Henry Clay proposed the

Compromise of 1850

In it:• California admitted to Union as

Free State• Slave trade outlawed in

Washington DC• Fugitive Slave Law passed

-Runaway slaves would now have to be legally

returned to their owners

What About What About Texas?Texas?

•Part of the compromise of 1850 was the Texas and New Mexico Act, Texas agreed to give up some of its territory, for $10 Million. This created Texas’ present day borders.

•Many in Texas were angry about this agreement, but most realized that Texas needed the money, to help pay off its debts, more than it needed the land.

Texas Agreed to the border proposed by James Pearce of Maryland rather than that

of Henry Clay

Pearce

Area 5

Area 7Area 3

4

1

6

5

Give it a try, see if you can you name each one, this will be on the STAAR next year.

1783 With the Treaty of

Paris

Louisiana Purchase in 1803 from

France

Annexation of Texas -

1845 From the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819

Mexican Cession -

1848

Gadsden Purchase-1853

Oregon Country 1848, by Treaty with Great Britain