Class- V Subject -Science

Ch-12, Cleanliness and Hygiene

Health is not just the absence of disease but a state of complete physical, mental

and social well-being. One of the most important measure to remain healthy is to

take care of personal and community hygiene.

PERSONAL HYGIENE

Personal hygiene includes habits related to cleanliness of body. It plays a major role. It is

very important to maintain personal hygiene to be free from disease. Some of the habits

include

a) Bathing.

b) Washing of hands before and after eating meals.

c) Brushing of Teeth.

d) Care of hair.

e) Cutting of nails.

f) Care of eyes.

g) Wearing clean undergarments.

h) Regular medical check -up.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pmHlcbfdW0

Bathing: Our body has sweat pores. Through these pores sweating takes place all the time. Hence, bathing with soap and then taking last rinse with Dettol or Savlon can keep

the body fresh and free from the attack of microorganisms.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pmHlcbfdW0

Washing of hands before and after eating meals: If the hands are dirty, it means that they contain germs held to the skin. When food is consumed with such

hands, the microorganisms enter our food and cause trouble.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JrEeR5OXiE

Brushing of Teeth

Whenever food is consumed (eaten), some of the food remains sticked to the teeth

which decays in the mouth giving bad smell. Hence, brushing of twice is essential.

Drinking at least two glasses of milk keeps your teeth strong and healthy.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDZXSMU2lAk

Regular Medical Check Up: is very important to our body. It ensures:

i. Whether proper growth is taking place or not.

ii. If there is any deficiency disease prevailing in the body.

iii. Any sort of infectious disease that in the body.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JrEeR5OXiEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDZXSMU2lAk

Cut of hair: Hair should be kept clean by frequent washing and regular combing. Massaging the scalp along with brushing helps to increase circulation of blood in the

scalp.

Cutting of nails: Overgrown nails entrap the dirt and germs which can enter our food during eating. Good nail care includes keeping nails clean and evenly trimmed.

Care of Eyes: We can perceive the beauties of world through our eyes. Thus, it becomes essential for us to preserve our eyes.

a) Don’t strain your eyes by reading while lying or reading by keeping books closer to

your eyes.

b) Don’t watch television from close distance. Secondly, watch TV for short duration

only.

c) Wash your eyes at least three times a day with clear cold water.

Wearing Clean Undergarments:

Sweat from our body is absorbed by our undergarments because they touch our body.

This sweat contain oil and salts which help in the growth of germs and salts which help

in the growth of germs and produce off smell. Thus, undergarments should be changed

daily.

CLEANLINESS OF SURROUNDINGS:

a) Cleanliness: Maintenance of cleanliness of all public places like schools, offices, cinema halls, labs bathrooms and markets. Utensils, bathroom equipment should

be cleaned properly and thoroughly with soap and detergent.

b) Control of Infectious disease: It can be done by ensuring the supply of clean potable water free from germs.

c) Social Machinery: Social machinery can be help in the following ways: i. By maintaining parks and sanctuaries. ii. Plantation of more tree for fresh air and oxygen.

iii. By taking poultry and dairy out of the city.

DISEASE

Disease comes from the word DIS-EASE which means lack of comfort. Disease may be

defined as deviation from the normal state of health.

DISESASES

Caused due to Caused due to

deficiency of Nutrients changes in body

Attack of Caused due to lack of

Microorganisms Personal Hygiene

Caused due to Unclean

Surroundings

Disease due to lack of personal Hygiene:

Lack of personal hygiene cause most of the skin disease and allergic reactions in the

body. These diseases may be localised to one or specific body part or these may be

transferred to the entire body.

If the environment is unclean, it becomes unfit for living. It helps in spreading of many

diseases. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjwV3hTzjeg

a) Air borne infections: Unclean air contains germs. These germs are added during sneezing, coughing or cold. These germs enter into a new organism and

cause disease. e.g, Cold, influenza and measles.

b) Water borne infections: Contaminated water contains pathogens or disease-

causing germs e.g, Cholera, typhoid.

c) Food borne infections: Consuming food brought from roadside, from hawkers cause major infections because the food is not hygienic., Diarrhoea, nausea,

cholera, typhoid etc. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os2JSFxGdWg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjwV3hTzjeghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os2JSFxGdWg

d) Disease spread through insects: House fly carry pathogens sticked to its feet. When it flies from waste and sits on the open food items, these germs are

then transferred to food. Many other insects like microbes on their body which

can causes infections in they come in contact with food.

STEPS AVOID INFECTION:

I. Avoid eating food from roadside hawkers.

II. Drink clean and filtered water. Boil your water during rainy season.

III. Keep your place neat and clean .

IV. Garbage should be thrown in bins which should be covered properly.

V. Eatables and other food items should be kept covered.

VI. There should not be present any stagnant water which can become a breading

place for mosquitoes.

GARBAGE

The waste material which we generate every day is known as garbage.

Examples: Packing material, empty tin cans, pencil sharpenings, paper, old clothes,

broken toys, shoes and slippers.

If this garbage is not removed or treated, it will become breeding place for insects, will

give off-smell, become unhygienic for body and makes the place look dirty.

Types of Garbage

Under broad classification garbage can be classified into two types degradable and non-

degradable. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeVLBkypPRU

Degradable waste:

The waste substances that can rot almost completely forming simple substances is

known as degradable waste.

Example: Kitchen Waste.

Activity: Take garbage from the kitchen (including fruit and vegetable peels and tea

leaves). Now, dig a small pit and add the waste into the pit. Cover the waste with soil.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeVLBkypPRU

NON - DEGRADABLE SUBSTANCES

The non-degradable substances are those which do not rot completely when buried

under the soil for long span of time.

Example: Glass pieces, polythene bags.

Remove the soil after a week and observe the changes in the garbage. A black colour

and no foul smell indicate that rotting of garbage is complete. If some waste

is still existing, cover it with soil and let it degrade for another week. Over the span of

time you will find that the waste material turns into soil like substance.

Conclusion: Degradable waste decompose completely forming soil like substance.

Activity: Take some non-degradable substances like glass pieces, polythene bags, broken toys and aluminium wrappers. Now, dig a small pit and add waste into the pit. Cover the waste with soil.

Remove the soil after a week and observe the changes in the garbage. You will observe no change in it. Cover it again with soil and leave it for another week. Even if you observe it for consecutive many weeks it will not be degraded.

Conclusion: The non-degradable substances remain the same, they do not breakdown into simpler substances.

REDUCING NON-DEGRADABLE GRABAGE IN THE SURROUNDING

1.Used as land fill: The waste we throw away is separated for non-degradable and degradable material. The degradable material is sent for bio gas production or compost

formation whereas non-degradable material is taken to low lying area. The waste

components are spread over the land fill and then covered with a layer of soil.

Once the landfill is completely full, it is usually converted into park or playground

2. Avoid using plastic bags: Plastic bags create a big problem in garbage disposal. Hence, we should avoid using plastic bags. We should try to use cloth or

jute bags whenever we go for shopping.

3. Recycling: The articles like some of the plastics, tin cans, aluminium foils, newspaper, plastic bottles, glass bottles should be sent for recycling.

4. Reducing the use of disposable material: We should try to use crockery item which can be washed, cleaned and reused instead of the disposable material. Most of

the disposable items are non-degradable, the accumulate in our surroundings.

5.Reusing: There are certain materials like glassware and plastics which can be reused.

Reusing the same can help us to reduce the

garbage in the surrounding.

6.Don’t throw carelessly: The plastic bags thrown away carelessly on roads and other places get into drains and sewer system. As a result, drains get choked and the

water spills on the roads. During heavy rains, it might even create a flood like situation.

7.By using separate dustbins: In some cities and towns municipalities provide two kinds of garbage. Usually one blue and other is green. The blue bin if for the materials

that can be used again such as plastics, metals and glass. The green bins are used for

collecting kitchen, plants and animal waste.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlbbVGPATgA

Skill Fill

How will You manage your old clothes?

I. By making them dusters.

II. By giving them to someone who needs.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlbbVGPATgA

Worksheet 1

Q1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Sweat contains ______ and ______.

2. Good nail care includes keeping nails ______ and evenly ______.

3. Food that remain sticked to the moth causes ______.

4. Disease can be defined as a______ from the normal state of health.

5. Lack of personal hygiene causes ______diseases.

6. ______ water becomes a breeding place for mosquitoes.

7. The degradable material is used for ______ production and ______ formation.

8. Non-degradable material is used for ______.

9. Plastic bags cause ______ of the drains.

Q2 . State whether the given statements are true or false.

1. Dirty hands contain germs which cause diseases. ________

2. Nails should be overgrown because they look beautiful. ______

3. We should wash our eyes once a day. ______

4. Cholera and typhoid are water borne diseases. ______

5. Roadside food is very tasty and hygienic. ______

6. Garbage should be covered properly. _____

7. Degradable substances rot completely. ____

8. Degradable substances are used as landfills. ______

9. Polythene is non-degradable substance. _________

10. Poultry and dairy should be taken in outskirts of city. _____

11. Housefly carry pathogens sticked to its feet when it flies from waste to food.

______

12. Bio-gas and compost is formed from non-degradable waste. _______

13. Use of disposable materials in parties should be reduced. ______

14. Aluminium foils, tin cans, plastic bottles are recyclable material. ______

Q3. Choose the best answers.

1. Which activity is important to maintain hygiene?

a. To make your hand look beautiful.

b. To get rid of germs.

2. Which of the following is a food borne disease?

a. Typhoid

b. Malaria

3. Newspaper is a ______ waste.

a. Degradable

b. Non-degradable

4. Eyes should be washed at least

a. Two times a day

b. Three times a day

5. Plantation of trees is done for

a. Fresh air and oxygen

b. Fresh air and carbon dioxide

6. Cold and influenza are

a. Water borne infections

b. Air borne infections

7. Skin diseases are caused due to

a. Lack of community hygiene

b. Lack of personal hygiene

8. Non-degradable garbage is thrown in ______ bin.

a. Blue

b. Green

9. We should use _____ bags for shopping.

a. Plastic

b. Cloth

Worksheet 1 (Answers)

Q1. Fill in the blanks.

1. Oils and salts

2. Clean and trimmed

3. off smell

4. Deviation

5. Skin

6. Stagnant

7. Biogas and compost

8. Land-fill

9. Choking

Q2 . State whether the given statements are true or false.

1. True 8. False

2. False 9. True

3. False 10. True

4. True 11. True

5. False 12. False

6. True 13. True

7. True 14. True

Q3. Choose the best answers.

1. b 6. b

2. a 7. b

3. a 8. a

4. b 9. b

5. a

Work sheet 2

Q1. Give one word for the following.

1. Which waste material is used for landfill?

2. What is degradable material used for?

3. What is the landfill place used for?

4. What is the waste material which we generate every day is called?

5. What is electronic waste also known as?

6. What is the waste substances that rots almost completely known as?

Q2. Answer the following questions.

1. Define health. Which is the most important measure to remain healthy?

2. What is a disease? How are disease caused?

3. Write any five steps to avoid infection.

4. Differentiate between degradable and non-degradable waste.

5. What is a land fill?

6. Define garbage.

7. Give two examples for food borne, water borne and air borne infections.

Q3. Can you explain why?

1. The dry fallen leaves should not be burnt rather buried under the soil.

2. Sometimes people fill garbage in plastic bags and throw it away.it should

not happen.

Worksheet 2 (Answers)

Q1. Give one word for the following.

1. Non-degradable

2. Biogas production or compost formation

3. Park or play ground

5. E-waste

6. Degradable

Q2. Answer the following questions.

1) Health is not just the absence of disease but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.

One of the most important measures to remain healthy is to take care of personal and

community hygiene.

2) Disease comes from the word DIS-EASE which means lack of comfort. Disease may be defined as deviation from the normal state of health. Disease may cause due to

deficiency of nutrients or due to lack of personal hygiene.

3)

i. Avoid eating food from road side hawkers. ii. Drink clean and filtered water.

iii. Keep your place neat and clean. iv. Garbage should be thrown in bins which should be covered properly. v. Eatables and other food items should be kept covered.

4.

5) When the non-degradable substance is used in filling the low-lying land it is known as land fill.

6) The waste material which we generate every day is known as garbage. 7)

Food borne - Diarrhoea, Nausea Water borne - Cholera, Typhoid Air borne - Cold, Measles

Degradable Non-degradable

The waste substances that can rot almost

completely forming simple substances is

known as degradable waste.

Eg: Kitchen waste.

The non-degradable substances are those

which do not rot completely when buried

under the soil for a long span of time.

Eg: Polythene bags.

Q3. Can you explain.why? (Ans)

1. The dry fallen leaves should not be burnt rather buried under the soil because

the dry fallen leaves are degradable garbage which decomposes completely forming soil

like substance.

2. Because plastic bag is a non – degradable garbage. The non-degradable substances

remain the same, they do not breakdown into simpler substances