Ch. 10: Lesson 1

Acids, Bases,

and Neutralization

Ch. 10: Lesson 1

Acids, Bases,

and Neutralization

ElectrolytesElectrolytes

Electrolytes are substances that break apart in water and conduct electricity

Electrolytes are substances that break apart in water and conduct electricity

Acids (on Table K)Acids (on Table K)

Arrhenius acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) as the only positive ion when dissolved in water

HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HC2H3O2

Arrhenius acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) as the only positive ion when dissolved in water

HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HC2H3O2

Hydronium IonHydronium Ion

H+ is a proton, and immediately attaches to water to make H3O+

H+ is a proton, and immediately attaches to water to make H3O+

Bases (on Table L)Bases (on Table L)

Arrhenius bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) as the only negative ion when dissolved in water

NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2

Arrhenius bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) as the only negative ion when dissolved in water

NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2

NeutralizationNeutralization

Neutralization is an acid reacting with a base to make a salt and water

Acid + Base Salt + Water

HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O

2 HCl + Ca(OH)2 HBr + KOH

Neutralization is an acid reacting with a base to make a salt and water

Acid + Base Salt + Water

HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O

2 HCl + Ca(OH)2 HBr + KOH

SaltSalt

A salt is a product (with water) of a neutralization reaction

Ionic substance, made of spectator ions

A salt is a product (with water) of a neutralization reaction

Ionic substance, made of spectator ions

Spontaneous Acid-Base ReactionsSpontaneous Acid-Base Reactions

1) Acid + Base Salt + Water 2) Acid (H+ or H3O+) & a metal

To react with H+, metal must be

above H2 on Table J

• Co + 2 HCl H2 + CoCl2

Cu + H2PO4 no reaction

1) Acid + Base Salt + Water 2) Acid (H+ or H3O+) & a metal

To react with H+, metal must be

above H2 on Table J

• Co + 2 HCl H2 + CoCl2

Cu + H2PO4 no reaction

QuestionsQuestions

Review book, page 177 #1-4, 6-9 Review book, page 177 #1-4, 6-9

Chapter 10: Lesson 2

-Properties & Strengths of

Acids and Bases-

Chapter 10: Lesson 2

-Properties & Strengths of

Acids and Bases-

Properties of Acids & Bases Acids Bases Properties of Acids & Bases Acids Bases Sour taste React with certain metals to

produce H2 gas pH of less than 7 Can be formed by a

reaction of gaseous oxides with water

Sour taste React with certain metals to

produce H2 gas pH of less than 7 Can be formed by a

reaction of gaseous oxides with water

Bitter taste Slippery feel pH of greater than 7 Formed by Group 1 or

Group 2 metals reacting with H2O, releasing H also

Na + H2O NaOH + H+

Bitter taste Slippery feel pH of greater than 7 Formed by Group 1 or

Group 2 metals reacting with H2O, releasing H also

Na + H2O NaOH + H+

Acid and Base StrengthAcid and Base Strength

# ions released in solution = strength

Strong ionize completely

Weak ionize only slightly

# ions released in solution = strength

Strong ionize completely

Weak ionize only slightly

Acid and Base StrengthAcid and Base Strength

Hydrochloric acid – very dangerous Citric acid – harmless, in fruits Boric acid - eye washing

Hydrochloric acid – very dangerous Citric acid – harmless, in fruits Boric acid - eye washing