CGMS, GSICS & SCOPE-CM

18th Session GCOS Steering Committee

Barbara J. Ryan

Director, WMO Space Programme

29 September 201029 September 2010GenevaGeneva

Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS)

CGMS is a forum for the exchange of technical information on geostationary and polar orbiting meteorological satellite systems

http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/sat/CGMS/CGMS_home.html

Contains information on the following topics:•CGMS scope• Charter CGMS membership  •CGMS organization and Secretariat (EUMETSAT) •CGMS origin  •CGMS documents  •Latest satellite status  •CGMS-related scientific user groups (ITWG, IWWG, IPWG, IROWG)  •CGMS Members section  •CGMS Virtual Laboratory for training in satellite meteorology  •Global Space-based Intercalibration System (GSICS)  •Sustained, Coordinated Processing of Environmental Satellite Data for Climate Monitoring (SCOPE-CM)  •Miscellaneous links to sites of interest to CGMS

From Observations to Users

• Vision founded on User Requirements and Gap Analysis

• Space-based Architecture for Weather and Climate monitoring

• Global Space-based Inter-calibration System (GSICS)• Sustained Co-Ordinated Processing of Environmental satellite

data (SCOPE) for climate monitoring and operational applications• Data/Product Dissemination Strategy (IGDDS/WIS)

Coordination and technical support mechanisms include:CM, CGMS, CEOS, CBS/ET-SAT & ET-SUP

Users(Programm

es/ Members

Satellite data

GOS/WIGOS GSICS

ConsistentCalibrateddata sets

SCOPE-CM

Sustained QC

products

IGDDS

Wider access

Satellites & sensors

Space-based Component of WMO’s Global Observing System (GOS)

Intercalibration of instruments for comparability of measurements from different instruments

Motivation

• Applications require well-calibrated and inter-calibrated measurements

– Radiance Assimilation in Numerical Weather Prediction– Data Fusion– Climate Data Records

• Expanding Global Observing System (GOS)

• Inter-calibration of instruments achieves comparability of measurements from different instruments

Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS)

• To enhance and sustain calibration and validation of satellite observations

• To intercalibrate critical components of the Global Observing System (GOS) – to climate quality benchmark observations and/or reference sites

• To provide corrected observations and/or correction algorithms to the user community for current and historical data

• GSICS Implementation Plan and Programme formally endorsed at CGMS-34 (Nov. 2006)

Actions

• Quantify the differences – magnitude and uncertainty

• Correct the differences – physical basis and empirical removal

• Diagnose the differences – root cause analysis

Organizations contributing to GSICS

• NOAA • NASA• NIST• EUMETSAT• CNES• CMA• JMA• KMA• WMO

Observers:JAXAESA

Current focus is on the intercalibration of operational satellites, and makes use of key research instruments like AIRS and MODIS as reference instruments

CEOS Precipitation Constellation is working with GSICS via GPM X-Cal Working Group

POLAR- POLAR intercalibration

• Images: NOAA/NESDIS

•To ensure consistency of datasets from different missions and operators

• Implementation Plan adopted Nov.2006

•8 Organizations currently contributing (+WMO)

GEO versus Polar-orbiting

Simultaneous Nadir Overpass (SNO) inter-calibration method

Global Space-based Inter-calibration System (GSICS)

Before Intercalibraion

After Intercalibration

Calibration uncertainties translate to uncertainties in climate change detection. Trend of global oceanic total precipitable water decreases

from 0.54 mm/decade to 0.34 mm/decade after intercalibration.

Calibration is Critical for Climate Change Detection

Ch6Ch4 Ch3

Ch2

IASI

AIRS

First international coordinated GSICS project is the intercalibration of geostationary infrared channels with IASI and AIRS

Web Accessible

GSICS Correction Algorithm for Geostationary Infrared Imagers GSICS will provide correction coefficients for all GEOs

from 2003 (beginning of AIRS record) to present

The first major deliverable to the user community is the GSICS correction algorithm for geostationary satellites.

The user applies the correction to the original data using GSICS provided software and coefficients.

The correction adjusts the GOES data to be consistent with IASI and AIRS.

The figures to the left show the difference between observed and calculated brightness temperatures (from NCEP analysis) before and after correction

The bias is reduced from 3 K to nearly zero

Before: 3K Bias

After: ~ 0K Bias

Best Practice Guidelines for Pre-Launch Characterization and Calibration of Instruments

for Optical Remote Sensing

GSICS Guideline Document

User Community Engagement Meeting 9/09

– Satellite Community – generation of CDRs• SCOPE-CM• ISCCP• National programs - SDS, SAFs,

– Satellite Community - NWP direct radiance assimilation

– Reanalysis Community• Next reanalysis – 2012 - 2015• GSICS first major deliverable - intercalibrated geostationary data using IASI/AIRS

from 2003 – 2010+

– Satellite Acquisition Programs• Prelaunch instrument characterization guidelines• Cal/Val Plans

User feedback: Geostationary intercalibration, Microwave Intercalibration

Maximizing Data Quality and Usability

User

s

Satellites & sensors

Satellite data

Essential Climate products

GOS GSICS

ConsistentCalibrateddata sets

SCOPE-CM

• Sustained Co-Ordinated Processing of Environmental satellite data for Climate Monitoring (SCOPE-CM)

• Global products• Sustained into the future• Coordinated internationally

SCOPE-CM• Aim: To address the requirements of GCOS in a cost-effective,

coordinated manner, capitalizing on existing expertise and infrastructures

• Objective: Continuous and sustained provision of high-quality ECV satellite products (Climate Data Records) on a global scale

• Structure: The SCOPE-CM Network is:» Based on activities of existing initiatives (GOS, GCOS and GSICS)» Built upon existing operational infrastructures» Serve users and other organizations (WMO Regional Climate

Centres RCCs, NMHSs, space agencies, climate community)

Global Observing System

GOS

Global Satellite Inter-Calibration System

GSICS

Sustained Coordinated Processingof Environmental Satellite Data

for Climate Monitoring

SCOPE-CM

Satellite Data

Fundamental Climate Data

RecordsFCDRs

ECV satelliteproducts

Satellites and Sensors

Users

Users

Users andOrganisations

Global Observing System

GOS

Global Satellite Inter-Calibration System

GSICS

Sustained Coordinated Processingof Environmental Satellite Data

for Climate Monitoring

SCOPE-CM

Sustained Coordinated Processingof Environmental Satellite Data

for Climate Monitoring

SCOPE-CM

Satellite Data

Fundamental Climate Data

RecordsFCDRs

ECV satelliteproducts

Satellites and Sensors

Users

Users

Users andOrganisations

Users

Users

Users andOrganisations

SCOPE-CM Participants

• Participants of the SCOPE-CM Network

• Satellite Operators:– EUMETSAT– JMA– NOAA– CMA

• Stakeholders– CEOS– CGMS/GSICS– GCOS– GEO– WCRP

GCOS Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)A. Atmosphere

A.1 Surface Wind Speed and Direction

A.2 Upper-air TemperatureA.3 Water A VapourA.4 Cloud propertiesA.5 PrecipitationA.6 Earth Radiation BudgetA.7 OzoneA.8 Atmospheric reanalysis

(multiple ECVs)A.9 AerosolsA.10 Carbon Dioxide, Methane and

other Greenhouse GasesA.11 Upper-air Wind

O. Oceans

O.1 Sea IceO.2 Sea LevelO.3 Sea Surface TemperatureO.4 Ocean ColourO.5 Sea StateO.6 Ocean ReanalysisO.7 Ocean Salinity

T. Terrestrial

T.1 LakesT.2 Glaciers and Ice Caps, and Ice SheetsT.3 Snow CoverT.4 AlbedoT.5 Land CoverT.6 fAPART.7 LAIT.8 BiomassT.9 Fire DisturbanceT.10 Soil Moisture

Long-term Observations - Research and Operational Satellite Data Needed for Further Climate Information and Services

1919

From NOAA

SCOPE-CM Phases

• establish initial network and structure

• agree on principles and standards

• pilot projects on selected subjects

• Assess current capabilities

• establish feedback mechanisms

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Phase I

• establish structures for sustainable generation of FCDRs and TCDRs

•generate first SCOPE-CM products

• increase coverage of products in terms of ECVs, time and spatial dimension

•foster extension of the network

• full deployment of the sustained system of product generation

• product review and quality control

• continuous product improvement

Phase II Phase III

SCOPE-CM Pilot ProjectsSensors Parameters and topics Lead Contributors

1 AVHRR Clouds and Aerosols

2 SSM/I Water vapour, clouds, precipitation

3 GEO Surface albedo, clouds and aerosols

4 GEO Winds and clear sky radiances

5 GEO Upper tropospheric humidity

Pilot Project 1

• AVHRR cloud effective droplet radius

• Processing and validation started for selected regions

• 30 years of AVHRR data after re-calibration

Pilot Project 2

SSM/I 20-year data set water

vapour over ocean:

MPI-MeteorologyUniversity Hamburg

Research To

Operations

SSM/I – Water Vapor, Clouds, Precipitation

Pilot Project 4

• Clear Sky Radiances from JMA Geostationary satellites currently processing

2009

15-year Clear Sky Radiance data set from 1995 to 2009

CSR from GMS-5 22 Jan 1999

CSR from MTSAT-1R 22 Jan 2009

CDR Evolution Requires Research & Operational Agency Collaboration At Every Step

• Need to capture essential elements of CDR generation experience from last 20 years

– Physical Understanding of Measurement Process

– Measurement of Key Instrument Characteristics

– Public Accessibility of Data Processing

– Rigorous Validation

– Long-term Preservation

Maturity Matrix Identifies Milestones and Research-to-Operations Transition Points

Next Steps

• Need more involvement from research agencies and/or those working on ECVs

• Broaden testing of maturity model/matrix

• Test concepts with oceanic and terrestrial ECVs

• Continue to advance dialogue between operational and research communities