CESTODOSISCESTODOSIS

MONIEZIASISMONIEZIASISCause:Cause: Moniezia expansaMoniezia expansa Moniezia benediniMoniezia benediniSensitive animal:Sensitive animal: M. benediniM. benedini: cattle (main host) & others : cattle (main host) & others ruminantsruminantsM. expansaM. expansa: sheep,goat,cattle,& others : sheep,goat,cattle,& others ruminants ruminants PredilectionPredilection: Small intestine: Small intestine

Route of infectionsRoute of infections: : Ingested by cysticercoid Ingested by cysticercoid mitesmites (fam: Oribatidae) together with the grass(fam: Oribatidae) together with the grass

Pathogenicity:Pathogenicity: - Young animals (< 6 bl) very sensitive. - Young animals (< 6 bl) very sensitive. - The degree of infections depend on the - The degree of infections depend on the

amount of amount of cysticercoid cysticercoid - Enteritis- EnteritisClinical symptomsClinical symptoms:: Its not so clear in general,weakness&thinIts not so clear in general,weakness&thin AcuteAcute: Intoxication because of toxin produced : Intoxication because of toxin produced

by the excretion of the adult worm by the excretion of the adult worm Mild infectionsMild infections: Gastrointestinal disturbance : Gastrointestinal disturbance

(indigesti) & inhibited of the bodies growth (indigesti) & inhibited of the bodies growth Heavy infectionsHeavy infections: Anaemia, watery diarrhea, : Anaemia, watery diarrhea,

inhibited of the bodies growth, for the young inhibited of the bodies growth, for the young cattle it must be fatal cattle it must be fatal

Diagnoses Fecal examination Eggs or Segment/proglottids

Egg of Egg of M. benediniM. benedini

Control by:Control by: Dichlorophene 300-600 mgs/kgs BWDichlorophene 300-600 mgs/kgs BW

Yomesan 75 mgs/kgs BWYomesan 75 mgs/kgs BW

Control for the mites, photophobia is the Control for the mites, photophobia is the characteristic of mites.characteristic of mites.

CYSTICERCOSIS CELLULOSECYSTICERCOSIS CELLULOSE CYSTICERCOSIS BOVIS CYSTICERCOSIS BOVIS

CAUSE:CAUSE: Larva Larva Taenia solium / Taenia solium / Larva Larva T. saginataT. saginata

PREDILECTION&HOST:PREDILECTION&HOST: Striated muscles, such as m.lingualis, inner parts of Striated muscles, such as m.lingualis, inner parts of m.masseter, muscles of shoulder, muscles of abdomen, m.masseter, muscles of shoulder, muscles of abdomen, diaphragma, mesenterium, pulmo, cor, ren, eyes, and brain of diaphragma, mesenterium, pulmo, cor, ren, eyes, and brain of pig (very sensitive parts), cattle,dog ,cat,sheep,monkey,deer, pig (very sensitive parts), cattle,dog ,cat,sheep,monkey,deer, and human.and human.

ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION :ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION :by ingest the eggs of by ingest the eggs of T. soliumT. solium / / T. saginataT. saginata

EPIZOOTIOLOGY :EPIZOOTIOLOGY : ** Zoonotic characteristicsZoonotic characteristics ** in Indonesia it be found at: Bali, North Sumatera in Indonesia it be found at: Bali, North Sumatera (Tapanuli), Tanah Toraja and Papua (Tapanuli), Tanah Toraja and Papua

CLINICAL SYMPTOM:CLINICAL SYMPTOM:Pig :Pig : - - Heavy infectionsHeavy infections : : Hipersensitivity of the nostril, Hipersensitivity of the nostril,

repeat edly rub the nostril on to the wall/floor. repeat edly rub the nostril on to the wall/floor. Convultion the tongue, striated musclesConvultion the tongue, striated muscles

- - Mild infection: not so clearMild infection: not so clear

~~ DoDog :g :

Similar as rabiesSimilar as rabies

~~ Human :Human : - - Cerebral cysticercosisCerebral cysticercosis : Disturbances of balanced : Disturbances of balanced Disturbances of visual Disturbances of visual EpileptiformEpileptiform - - Opthalmic cysticercosisOpthalmic cysticercosis : Blindness : Blindness

PATHOLOGYS OF CHANGES :PATHOLOGYS OF CHANGES :Oedema inside the predilectionOedema inside the predilectionAnaemiaAnaemiaMeningoencephalitisMeningoencephalitisChoroidae atrophyChoroidae atrophy

DIAGNOSES :DIAGNOSES :⇨ ⇨ Observe the clinical symptom: hipersensitivity Observe the clinical symptom: hipersensitivity at the nostril of pigat the nostril of pig⇨⇨ ante-mortem examinations at the tongue of pigante-mortem examinations at the tongue of pig⇨ ⇨ post-mortem examinations at the site of post-mortem examinations at the site of

predilec predilec tiontion⇨ ⇨ examinations by radiologiesexaminations by radiologies⇨ ⇨ examinations by serologic: sero-precipitation, examinations by serologic: sero-precipitation,

sero-aglutination, allergy test diagnostic = sero-aglutination, allergy test diagnostic = intra intra dermal reactiondermal reaction

PREVENTION :PREVENTION : - - to break the life cycles/ : hygienis to break the life cycles/ : hygienis

defecations location for human beeing defecations location for human beeing - - treatments for sufferer taeniasis patientstreatments for sufferer taeniasis patients - - Beeing kept the pig intensively & hygienisBeeing kept the pig intensively & hygienis - - to to examinationsexaminations pork and beef routinely pork and beef routinely - - Well cooked the pork and beef Well cooked the pork and beef - - Freezing the meats which contaminated by Freezing the meats which contaminated by

cysticercosis at 8 – 10°C for 4 dayscysticercosis at 8 – 10°C for 4 days - - Salted meat with concentration of 20 % for Salted meat with concentration of 20 % for

3–4 wks3–4 wks - - Stamping out all meats infected by Stamping out all meats infected by

cysticercosis cysticercosis

DIPYLLIDIASISCause: Dipyllidium caninum

Predilections&Host:Small intestine dog,cat, human (seldom)

Transmission: ingested by Cysticercoid mites or dog lice

Pathogenesis: Inside the small intestine, cause of interference of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Heavy infections: enteritis chronics, with colic

Clinical symptoms : * The suffering dogs walks with dragged his anus * They roll on the soil or bitting of the abdomen area * Convulsion, symptom similar with epilepsy * Child (human): anorexia, thin,abdominal discomfort,

diarrhea, epigastrium painful, allergy reactionsDiagnose: - CS/specifics:suffering walks with dragged his anus - Proglottids inside the anus has a cucumber seed type - Fecal examnations eggs with a morphology as a

package form

Control:

Treatment: Arecoline hydrobromide: 0,8 mgs/kgs BW

Bunamidine hydrochloride (Scolaban):11 mgs/kgs BW

2 x interval 48 hrs

Dichlorophene (Dicestal):50–100 mgs/kgs BW

Yomesan (Mansonil) : 50 –100 mgs/kgs BW

Prevention:

- By elimination the flea&dog lice with:

0,1 BHC – Asuntol (Bayer) – Super Killer

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIASIS CAUSE: Diphyllobothrium latum

PREDILECTION&HOST: Small intestine of dog,pig,bear, animals which eat fish&human.

ROUTE OF INFECTIONS:By eating raw fish/ uncooked fish and consist of plerocercoid.

PATHOGENESIS & CLINCAL SYMPTOM : Adult worm inside the small intestine cause of diarrhea and anaemia perniciosa (deficiency of vit.B12)

DIAGNOSE : Fecal examination eggs

TREATMENT: - Quinacrine hydrobromide (=mepacrine)

- Yomesan

- Arecoline hydrobromide

- Dichlorophen

PREVENTION :by cooking fishes before consumed

Stages: Eggs Coracidium Procercoid Plerocercoid (infective stage)

TAENIASISTAENIASIS

CAUSECAUSE : : Taenia solium Taenia solium & & Taenia Taenia saginatasaginata

PREDILECTION & HOSTPREDILECTION & HOST: :

Small intestine of humanSmall intestine of human

ROUTE OF TRANSMISSIONROUTE OF TRANSMISSION: :

Ingest of Ingest of Cysticercus celluloseCysticercus cellulose or or Cysticercus bovisCysticercus bovis from pork / beef , because of meat processing is not from pork / beef , because of meat processing is not completelly accuratecompletelly accurate

EPIDEMYEPIDEMY : : HOSTHOST

PARASITEPARASITE I.H (pig,cattle)I.H (pig,cattle)

gravid proglottids exit (motile) from the host rupture ⇨ ⇨gravid proglottids exit (motile) from the host rupture ⇨ ⇨free eggsfree eggs

Ingest the eggs by i.h & or human Cysticercosis⇨Ingest the eggs by i.h & or human Cysticercosis⇨

CS/ :CS/ : - - non specific symptom at abdomen: diarrhea, constipation, non specific symptom at abdomen: diarrhea, constipation, epigaepigasstrium painful Taeniasis ⇨trium painful Taeniasis ⇨ - - neurologyc symptom Cysticercosis⇨neurologyc symptom Cysticercosis⇨

AVIAN TAENIASIS AVIAN TAENIASIS

CAUSE: CAUSE:

~~ Davainea proglotinaDavainea proglotina

~~ Raillietina tetragonaRaillietina tetragona

~~ Raillietina echinobothridaRaillietina echinobothrida

~~ Raillietina cesticilluRaillietina cesticilluss

~~ Amoebotaenia sphenoidesAmoebotaenia sphenoides

~~ Choanotaenia infundubulumChoanotaenia infundubulum

ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION :ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION :

cysticercoidcysticercoid ingest by definitive host ingest by definitive host

INTERMEDIATE HOST:INTERMEDIATE HOST:

⇨⇨ Davainea ProglotinaDavainea Proglotina : soil snail ( : soil snail (slugslug) from genus ) from genus

Limax, Arion, Cepoea Limax, Arion, Cepoea andand Agrolimax Agrolimax

⇨ ⇨ Raillietina tetragonaRaillietina tetragona : : Musca domesticaMusca domestica and ant and ant

from genus from genus TetramoriumTetramorium and and PheidolePheidole

⇨⇨ Raillietina echinobothridaRaillietina echinobothrida : ant : : ant : Tetramorium Tetramorium

caespitumcaespitum and and PheidolePheidole vinelandicavinelandica

⇨⇨ Raillietina cesticillus Raillietina cesticillus : : Musca domesticaMusca domestica and and

beetlesbeetles

⇨⇨Amoebotaenia sphenoidesAmoebotaenia sphenoides : Earth : Earth worm from genus worm from genus EiseniaEisenia, , Pheretina Pheretina ocnerodritus, ocnerodritus, andand Allobophora Allobophora

⇨⇨Choanotaenia infundubulumChoanotaenia infundubulum : : Musca domesticaMusca domestica and beetle: and beetle: Geotripus, Aphodius, Calathus Geotripus, Aphodius, Calathus dandan TriboliumTribolium

PATHOGENICITY INFECTION OF AVIAN CESTODES:PATHOGENICITY INFECTION OF AVIAN CESTODES:

- Pathogenicity of each species be different Pathogenicity of each species be different

- D.proglotinaD.proglotina : the tiny size but most pathogen : the tiny size but most pathogen penetration very deep at intestine mucosae penetration very deep at intestine mucosae cause of enteritis and often cause of cause of enteritis and often cause of bleeding for heavy infection.bleeding for heavy infection.

- R. tetragona and R. echinobothrida also pathogen after D. proglotina. Young worms penetrated deepest into the mucosae and sub mucosae of the duodenum cause of nodules. Nodules cavum peritoneum, consist of tissue necrotic and leucocyte. First stage : young worm be found hang up inside the lumen of small intestine. Mature worm be found at a part of posterior small intestine

- Other species is not dangerous.

CLINICAL SYMPTOM: ⇨ Avian / young bird often infected ⇨ Anorexia, listless, often trifty, weakness and easy to be

fatigue, thin and anemia. ⇨ Heavy infection : cause of death at young animals

⇨ Decrease of eggs production at laying hens

⇨ D proglotina : cause of diarrhea, faeces mixed with blood, seldom occur of nervous attacks at a part or totally but not clear

CHANGES OF POST MORTEM:D. proglotina :

~ Intestine mucosae tickness + bleeding Degeneration & villies inflammation in the lumen of intestines + much of mucous watery & smelt putridness

R. tetragona dan R. echinobothrida : ~ Nodule at the wall of the small intestine

DIAGNOSE: ⇨ Clinical symptom&much occur segment of cestode ⇨ Fecal examination eggs worm inside the animal fecal ⇨ Post mortem: enteritis & nodule-2 Raillietina sp. infections

⇨ Scrapping of intestinal mucosae D/ D. proglotina : deep inside the intestinal mucosae.

TREATMENT AND PREVENTION :~ Panhelmin : mix of levamisole and praziquantel. Each

100 mls consist of 5 grs levamisole and 3,5 grs praziquantel

Doses : 100 mls panhelmin to be solved into 100 l water give into drinking water for 2 days & repeat after 10 days for 2 days.

PREVENTION:PREVENTION:

⇨⇨Elimination beetles/ants/grass hopper Elimination beetles/ants/grass hopper surrounding the farm with insectisidesurrounding the farm with insectiside

⇨⇨Rearing the avian, preferable put into the Rearing the avian, preferable put into the pen pen

⇨⇨Elimination the snail with Elimination the snail with molluscidamolluscida

⇨⇨Cages Hygiene Cages Hygiene

⇨⇨Give feed and drinking water at a good Give feed and drinking water at a good position position

- T- Thhaanknk YouYou - -

We hope you know itWe hope you know it

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