centrifugal pumps notes for students

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Definition: Pump is a machine which adds energy to the fluid. Energy is capacity to do work, by adding energy we can make the f luid to do work either moving fr om one level to another level or moving from one point to another Classification of pumps:  All pumps may be div ided into two major categories: 1) Positive displacement pumps Rotary pumps Gear pumps Vane pumps Piston pumps Lobe pumps Reciprocating pumps 2) Non positive displacement pumps Centrifugal pumps Centrifugal Pumps:  A centrifugal pump consists of a set of rotating vanes, enclosed within a housing or casing and use to impart energy to a fluid through centrifugal force. Thus, stripped of all refinements, a centrifugal pump has two main parts 1) a rotating element including an impeller and a shaft, and 2) a stationary element made of a casing, stuffing box, and bearings. In a centrifugal pump the liquid is forced, by atmospheric or other pressure, into a set of rotating vanes. These vanes constitute an impeller, which discharges the liquid at its periphery at a higher velocity. This velocity is converted to pressure energy by means of a volute or by a set of stationary diffusion vanes surrounding the impeller periphery. Classification of centrifugal pumps 1) Impellers are classified according to the major direction of flow in reference to axis of rotation thus the centrifugal pump may have a) Radial-flow impellers b) Axial-flow impellers c) Mixed-flow impellers

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