centre for sdis and land administration department of geomatics spatial systems to support...
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
Making Land Markets Work for All
Jude WallaceCentre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land
Administration
The University of Melbourne
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
The Order of Things
1 The land administration approach
2 Formal and informal markets
3 Stages of building land markets
4 Missing ingredients
5 Concept of property
6 Challenge of IT
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
Agenda
How do you explain how land markets work for countries that seek to implement them?
eg Indonesia, Vietnam, China, Iran, Egypt …..
amid millions of poor people, governance issues, corruption, lack of capacity …..
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
LAND ADMINISTRATION APPROACH
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
Informal markets• Little transparency• Insider trading • Unstructured, ad hoc
processes • Inefficient tax collection• No complex commodities• Poor integration of tenures
for resources, services, credit and land
• Ineffective government involvement
• Shallow participation – one level and few players
• Sometimes vibrant and successful, but mostly not
Formal markets• Transparent processes• Open trading• Formal structures• High tax yield• Many kinds of products and
complex commodities• Integrate tenures for rights,
restrictions and responsibilities in land, resources, credit, infrastructure
• High government involvement• Deep participation by many
participants • Vibrant, successful and wealth
creating
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
Formal land markets accelerate wealth generation
Informal land markets fail to generate sufficient national wealth to relieve poverty
Governments therefore need to build land administration systems to manage land related commodities
How??
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
160? COUNTRIES
Evolution of Land Markets
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
BUILDING
COMPLEX
COMMODITIES
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
Netherlands
Evolution of Land Markets
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
5. Ancillary Functionalities• Securitisation• Corporatisation• Separation
4. Mature cognitive capacity
3. Property regime management
2. Broad opportunity for owners’ decisions
1. Reliable Land Administration System
Robust Concept
of Property
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
BUILDING THE PROPERTY CONCEPT to support participation of the poor
1. Cognitive capacity
2. Legal order
3. Tenure systems
4. Good governance - Subsidiarity
- Transparent information
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
ParticipantsCommodities
Financial Instruments
Commitment Participation
Transparency Inventiveness
Abstract thinking Shared
understanding
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
Cognitive Capacity
Commitment
Participation
Transparency
Inventiveness
Abstract thinking
Shared understanding
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
Legal order
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
One particular land right
Article X One of XX
kinds of owners
Article XX One of XX periods of time
Article XX
One of XX kinds of land use
Article XX One of XXX methods of acquisition and allocation
???
Immature tenure systems
Distribute physical land
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
TENURE SYSTEMS
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
Good governance
2 key features
Subsidiarity -
•Capacity for decisions is as close as possible to the impact point
•Owner’s capacity to make key decisions is protected
Information transparency
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
Business licenses
Hydrology
Owners’ names
Geology
Climate
Owners’
addresses
Owners’ contact address
Business
entities
Heritage
Residents and or occupiers
Soil
Estates and interests
DCDB
Satellite images
Geographic Names
Geocoded
property
addresses
Habitat
Aerial
photos
Utilities
Topographic map archive
Body corporate rules
and responsibilities
Restricted sites
Parcel
Use, condition
and zoning
Burglary risksLandform (DTM) Rates
Property
MortgagesDrainage
Transport
Access
Boundaries
Administrative boundariesResources
Water license
Topographic reference data sets
Image data
Geographic names register
Photogrammetric
control archive
Text &Text &Spatial Spatial DataData
Text &Text &Spatial Spatial DataData
Spatial Data Spatial Data InfrastructuresInfrastructures
Web Web Enabled AccessEnabled Access
LocationLocationBased PlatformsBased Platforms
EnablingEnablingTechnologyTechnology
Converting Converting Data into Data into InformationInformation
Supported Supported FunctionsFunctions
for Key Government and for Key Government and Business ActivitiesBusiness Activities
Supported Supported FunctionsFunctions
for Key Government and for Key Government and Business ActivitiesBusiness Activities
Policy makingPolicy making
Transactions managementTransactions management
Activity managementActivity management
Land development & planningLand development & planning
Land valuation & taxationLand valuation & taxation
Provision of utilities & servicesProvision of utilities & services
Transport & accessTransport & access
Farming & resource Farming & resource managementmanagement
Disclosure of restrictionsDisclosure of restrictions
Emergency managementEmergency management
Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Spatial systems to support sustainable development
And, hardest of all,
Making processes accessible.
Thank you