centre for integrated electronic systems and biomedical engineering cebe (2008-2015)

Tallinn University of TechnologyDepartment of Computer Engineering

Department of Computer Engineeringati.ttu.ee

Centre for Integrated Electronic Systems and Biomedical Engineering

CEBE(2008-2015)

Raimund Ubar

Tippkeskus

Integreeritud elektroonikasüsteemide ja biomeditsiinitehnika tippkeskus© Raimund Ubar

What is CEBE? A national centre of excellence in research 2008-

2015 About 80 reseachers and PhD students Dedicated for R&D in the areas of electronic

components, systems, computer and biomedical engineering

Funded within the Measure for the development of CoEs of the Operational programme for the development of the economic environment of the Estonian system for the implementation of the EU Structural Funds 2007-2013

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CEBE Composition of CEBE CEBE is composed of three research groups financed

by the following target-financed themes of the ministry Design of Reliable Embedded Systems (RES)

TTÜ, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Raimund Ubar Electronic Components and Subsystems for Mission

Critical Embedded Systems (EMBEL)TTÜ, Dept. of Electronics, Mart Min

Interpretation of Biosignals in Biomedical Engineering (BME) TTÜ, Technomedicum, Ivo Fridolin

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CEBE ülevaade

Based on: Estonian Excellence Centre of Dependable Computing (2003-2007),TUT’s Centre of Excellence in Electronics and Bionics-EBIT (2002-2007),

TUT’s Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Engineering (2002-2007)

Infrastructure based on R&D infrastructure development project “Embedded Systems and Components (SARS)”

BaselabASSA

Design of Reliable Embedded Systems (RES)Design of Reliable Embedded Systems (RES)

BaselabMINAKO

BaselabSIE

Interpretation of Biosignals in Biomedical Engineering (BME)Interpretation of Biosignals in Biomedical Engineering (BME)

Electronic Components and Subsystems for Mission Critical Embedded Systems (EMBEL)


Infrastructure based on R&D infrastructure development project “Embedded Systems and Components (SARS)”

BaselabASSA

Design of Reliable Embedded Systems (RES)Design of Reliable Embedded Systems (RES)

BaselabMINAKO

BaselabSIE

Interpretation of Biosignals in Biomedical Engineering (BME)Interpretation of Biosignals in Biomedical Engineering (BME)



ELIKOELIKO

Bilateral projects

Bilateral projects

Indu

stri

al

Part

ners

Indu

stri

al

Part

ners

CENTRE FOR INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC SYSTEMSAND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (CEBE)

EU ProjectsEU Projects

Graduate school

Graduate school

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CEBE History CEBE is based on the existing scientific expertise and

capacities developed within: Estonian Excellence Centre of Dependable Computing

(2003-2007), where the RES research team was one of the founding members

TTÜ Centre of Excellence in Electronics and Bionics (2002-2007), where the EMBEL research teams formed the basic institution for R&D in semiconductor and medical engineering;

TTÜ Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Engineering (2002-2007), where BME carried out the basic load of scientific activities in biomedical engineering.

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Europrojects (7) FP5: Verification and Validation of Embedded System Design

Workbench - VERTIGO (2006-2008) FP6: Knowledge Environment for Interacting Robot Swarms -

ROBOSWARM (2006-2009) FP7: Smart Museum: Cultural Heritage Knowledge Exchange

Platform - SMARTMUSEUM (2008-2010) FP7: Centre of Research Excellence in Dependable Embedded

Systems - CREDES (2008-2010) FP7: Integration of Fluidic and Electric Microscaled Principles -

INFLUEMP (2007-2010) EUREKA: ITEA2 project D-MINT with ABB, DAIMLER, VTT OLAF: Study on the Euro Coin calibration procedure for obtaining

certified reference standards - EUROCOIN

CEBE International Cooperation

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CEBE Mission: to carry out fundamental and strategic interdisciplinary R&D in

the fields of electronics design, digital design and biomedical engineering

by a collaborating consortium with applications in medicine, semiconductor and

information technologies, to enhance the competitiveness of Estonian scientists, to contribute with innovative solutions to the development of

Estonian economy as well as to the EU as a whole, and to promote the transfer of academic expertise to society

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Universal computers(ca 300 mil. processors)

Embedded systems(ca 9000 mil. protsessors)

Microprocessor market shares

CEBE Objective: Embedded Systems

2 %

98 %


CEBE ülevaade Bioengineering applications

health monitoring systems, body area sensor networks, implantable cardiac

pacemakers

Sensors and sensor networks

Mission critical embedded systems and sensorics

Signal conversion, digitising,

minimising

Data acquisition bioimpedance,

biosignals, brain electrical

oscillations, biooptical methods

Hardware architectures,

ASP, FPGA ASIC, SOC, NOC

Signal processing and modelling theory, methods and algorithms,

non-classical DASP techniques

Data acquisition, signal processing and hardware design methods

Applications

EMBEL-II Technology

micro, nano, MEMS Semiconductors, material research

RES Digital design

synthesis, simulation, verification, emulation

Human being

BME Biosignal

interpretation methods

BME Bioengineering

research understanding and

affecting the processes in brain,

diagnostics of atherosclerosis,

predicting sudden cardiac death,

monitoring clinical treatments,

dialysis

Laboratories-on-chip impedance spectroscopy in

scientific experiments, bio-MEMS products, bioprocessors-on-chip

Industrial applications food processing, medical instrumentation, energy

conversion

RES Applications:

CAD tools

EMBEL-I

Analogue design mixed-signal design,

electronic components and

subsystems

RES Test research

theory of diagnostic modelling,

defect analysis, test synthesis and analysis, debug and

fault diagnosis, dependability

9Research objectives and cooperation in CEBE


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RES: Research Fields Dependable Digital Systems

(ATI, Raimund Ubar) Design and Synthesis

Verification and Debugging Testing and Fault Diagnosis Design for Dependability


RES: Research Environment

Behaviour Level

Logic Level

Physical Level

Possibility for wide range of experimental scenarios

Divide and conquer


RES: Research EnvironmentLogic Level CAD Turbo Tester

Licensed to 110+ institutions in 45+ countries!

Wide range of easy-to-use test tools

Design interfaces to all major CAD systems


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Moore’s LawHistory of the computer speed During

the years when Estonia has been independent, the speed of computers increased 10 000 times


RES: Research Fields

Topics:• Modeling• Decomposition• Synthesis & Analysis• Reconfiguration• Simulation• Verification & Debugging

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Design, Verification, Debugging Design Flow

Hardware emulation increased simulation speed 200 x


Diagnostic Modelling of Digital Systems

Defektive area

dSystem Level

Wd

Logic level

Detected fault

Defect

Hierarchical diagnostic modeling of the system behaviour

&

&

&

1

&

&&

R2M3+M1

*M2

R1

IN

Logic levelPhysical level

High-level

Defect mapping

RES: Research Fields

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• New applications of graph theory

• Faster diagnostic algorithms


RES: Research Fields Testing and Fault Diagnosis

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Topics:• Hierarchical

test generation• Fault simulation• Diagnosis

without fault models

• Testing and debugging of boards, Boundary Scan

• Design for testability

• System self-test and embedded fault diagnosis


RES: Research Fields Design for Dependable Systems

Technology scaling smaller and faster devices Manufacturing of these sub-nanometer chips

defect-free is almost impossible (due to the technology variability yield is below acceptable levels)

Increasing importance of transient andintermittent faults (due to the environment)

The problem to be solved:

How to design reliable systems out of non-reliable hardware?

Lightning storms

Radiation

Crosstalk

Aging


EMBEL-I: Research Fields Electronic components and subsystems of

mission critical embedded systems (ELIN) Topics 1 (Mart Min):

Methods for signal and data acquisition• Data acquisition and wide-band communications• Hardware solutions for reliable data acquisition in sensor

networks• Digitizing of analog signals

Signal processing methods and means• Novel signal processing algorithms (DASP technology)• Optimal architectures for signal processors

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EMBEL-I: Research Fields Topics 1 (Mart Min, cont.)

Architectures of reconfigurable processors• Design of application specific signal processors• Implementations in wearable medical devices and

micro/nano size bio-chips (BioMEMS)

Impedance spectroscopy • Spectral analysis of impedance signals• Applications in bio- and medical technologies for non-

invasive and non-destructive diagnosing and testing

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EMBEL-I: Research Fields

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We make electronics disappear, embedding it

into your clothes and bed, under the skin, into your body and organs – lungs, heart, brain, etc...and helping so your healing and making your life more enjoyable when your body organs are injured or weary of life

Personal and body area electronics



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Body area sensor networkBAN – Body Area NetworkPAN – Personal Area NetworkConductive communication through tissue as via “liquid wire” Near-field wireless com-munications (400 MHz, MICS)Impedance of the communi-cation media (body) against the electromagnetic field character-izes properties of the body Tissue impedance exposes as a biosensing parameter



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Bioimpedance chip

(t) R0 R

R(t)

- jX

X(t) X0

Ż(t)

Ż(t)

Ż0

Ż(t)

2-channel bioimpedance measurement chip was designed and manufactured for implantable cardiac monitors

Collaboration with St Jude Medical Inc (USA/Sweden), MAS - Micro Analog Systems(Switzerland/Finland)


EMBEL-II: Research Fields Topics 2 (Toomas Rang):

Technologies for semiconductor metallisation• Diffusion welding in GaN- and diamond substrates• Application of Schottky and ohmic interfaces in power

converters Theory of hetero-polytype interfaces

• HEMT type power devices, enhancing operating speed• High efficiency UV photo receiving devices

Compatibility of nanotech interfaces• Methods for ensuring compatibility between bio/organic

and semiconductor/metal structures• Theoretical bases and numerical models for nano-

quantum structures and lasers23


Diffusion Welding (bonding) a) initial status: point

contacts and oxide contaminant layer;

b) after some yielding and creep: thinner oxide layer and large voids;

c) after final yielding and creep: some voids remain with extra thin oxide layer;

d) continued vacancy diffusion eliminates oxide layer and leaves some few small vacancies until;

e) bonding is complete

(a)

(c)

(e)

(d)

(b)

EMBEL-II: Research Fields


“Locomotive of the Progress”


The diffusion welding equipment for realization of metal-semiconductor large area high quality contacts

Built at the Department of Electronics in TTÜ


Examples: Schottky diodes

Al

(ND - NA) 8.51018 cm-3 4H-SiC

Al

(ND - NA) 21017 cm-3 4H-SiC

W

4H-SiC

W Al

5 m 50 m

1.2 mm

350 m

50 m


The cross section of Schotttky SiC diode and the different layouts of metallization realized with diffusion welding technology


Examples: Schottky diodes


SiC Schottky chips and mounted demonstrators of the same diodes with blocking voltage of 600V, maximum forward current of 100A and switch-off time about 12-20 nsec


BME: Research Fields Interpretation of Biosignals in Biomedical

Engineering (Technomedicum, Ivo Fridolin) Brain research

• Recording and processing of brain electrical oscillations in order to understand and protect the brain

• Investigating the effect of weak electromagnetic radiation (EMF) on the brain

Diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases• Coherent photodetecting to determine blood pressure

and dynamic compliance of arteries• Optical methods in early diagnostics of atherosclerosis

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BME: Research Fields Topics (Ivo Fridolin, cont.):

Prediction of sudden cardiac death (SD)• Investigation the correlation between non-invasive

markers for improvement of SD risk stratification and prediction

• Analysis of QT intervals’ spatial and temporal variability to possess the prognostic value for predicting SD

Bio-optical monitoring• Estimation optical parameters of biofluids for patient

diagnosis• Bio-optical monitoring for improvement of adequacy and

quality of clinical treatments

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TensioTrace – Device for continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure measurements.

The theoretical background of the method based on study results of Department of Biomedical Engineering and Estonian Institute of Cardiology.

Advances of the method:1) Simple measurement procedure;2) Short measurement time (output for every heart beat);3) Fully non-invasive and patient-friendly method (because we use light).

BME: Research Fields

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Brain research: understanding and protection of the brain Interpretation of the Electro

EncefaloGram (EEG) signal:• New methods of EEG analysis

sensitive to reveal small alterations in the signal hidden in natural variability of the EEG;

• Effect of modulated microwave radiation on the brain – harmful or healing;

• EEG-based parameters for distinction of alterations characteristic for mental disorder (depression)

Spectral Assymmetry Index (p<E-7)

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Depressive

Healthy


BME: Research Fields Prediction of sudden cardiac death (SD)

EU - 3000 cases per day/1,1 million per year USA – 1500 cases per day/500 000 per year

Professional help is still possible during the first 4-5 min after SD appearance

Prediction is important! • Parameters: Non-invasive VR parameters, physiological,

biochemical and radioimmunological investigations and assessing QT interval parameters

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The clinical experiments at the Department of Dialysis and Nephrology, North-Estonian Medical Centre


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A(t) = A 0 *e Sa*t

ln[A(t)] = Sa*t + ln(A 0 )-1

0

1

2

3

0 60 120 180 240

Time, min

Absorbance 285nm

Smoothed Absorbance 285nm

ln(Absorbance 285nm)

DiaSens, LDIAMON AS

Research topic: Bio-optical monitoring for improvement of adequacy and quality of clinical treatments including haemodialysis treatments


Cooperation within CEBE Competence Fields in CEBE

RES• Design, synthesis and analysis of digital systems• Testing, diagnosis and dependability of systems

EMBEL• Signal processing• Mixed-signal and analog design• Semiconductor technology and applications

BME• Biosignal interpretation• Sensors and sensor networks

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Cooperation within CEBE Embedded system applications, cooperation

in joint design flow• Sensors and algoritms (BME)• Data acquisition (BME, EMBEL-I)• Design of dependable hardware (EMBEL-I, RES)• Software design (BME)• Testing and debugging of the system (RES, EMBEL-I)• Example: dialysis monitoring application

Dedicated signal processors development• Algorithms for sensor signal processing (BME, EMBEL-I)• Function specific signal processors with reconfigurable

architectures (EMBEL-I, RES)35


Cooperation within CEBE Defect modeling and dependability of

systems• Analysis and characterization of defects (EMBEL-II)• Mapping defects from physical to logic level (EMBEL-II,

RES)• Defect modelling at logic and higher levels (RES)

Joint diagnosis methods for technical and natural systems

• New paradigm: diagnosis of digital systems without fault models, e.g. for detecting Trojans (RES)

• Diagnosis of natural (biomedical or physiological) systems(BME)

• Expecting synergy from joint research (BME, RES)36


Impact of CEBE CEBE contributes in the main priority areas of the Estonian

RDI strategy: info, bio-, and material technologies The aim is to enhance through application oriented research

the competitiveness of Estonian science and industry by maintaining research excellence and innovation

Technology transfer to industry is related to new innovative applications in the fields of bioengineering and development of new methods and tools for design of dependable embedded systems

25 patents of CEBE is a promising basis for innovative cooperation with Estonian industry

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Impact of CEBE The partners of CEBE in Estonian industry are ELIKO,

Artec Group, Smartimplant, Cybernetica AS, Elcoteq, National Semiconductor Eesti, Clifton AS, JR Medical, Elcoteq, AS LDI, LDIAMON AS, Emros OÜ, Tensiotrace OÜ, Girf OÜ, AB Medical Teeninduse OÜ, 2 clinics , 4 Estonian hospitals

International cooperation is going on with world leading industrial companies like St. Jude Medical, Boston Scientific, National Semiconductor, Analog Devices, TDI Inc, Göpel Electronic, STMicroelectronics, AerieLogic, TransEda a.o.

Broad cooperation network, high-level research and good training opportunities for PhD students in Estonia and abroad are good prerequisities for successful PhD studies and to increase the numberof highly qualified engineers in Estonia

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Nearest Events CEBE Workhop at 2 pm in a room VI-121 Baltic Electronic Conference (Tallinn, 06.-08.10) The 2nd CEBE Workshop – mid of October IEEE Norchip Conference with a fringe event of International Opening

of CEBE (Tallinn, 17.-18.11) Nordic Test Forum (Tallinn, 20.-22.11) Setting up International Advisory Board Starting joint seminars with the goal to launch collaborative joint project

activities Setting up an integrated master curricula to involve students in the R&D

activities of CEBEwww.cebe.ttu.ee

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centre for integrated electronic systems and biomedical engineering cebe (2008-2015)

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