cementing & cement evaluation.pdf

7212019 Cementing amp cement evaluationpdf

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcementing-cement-evaluationpdf 184

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Cementing amp cement evaluation

P R E PA R E D B Y A N AC E F

D R I L L I N G I N S T R U C T O R

School of BoumerdesUFR Drilling and Production

ر ا د ا زا ريINSTITUT ALGERIEN DU PETROLE

Contents

Introduction

Types of cementing

Primary cementing

Methods of primary cementing

Primary cementing-casing Designing a cement job

Casing amp cementing accessories

Cementing additives

Remedial cementing

Plug cementing

Squeeze cementing

Cement chemistry and additives

Cement evaluation

2



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Introduction

A critical Well Construction process used worldwide

Cementing is an important steps in the wellrsquos finishingprocess

Cementing is done by pumping a slurry of cement and water at a strategic point around the casing to bind these up

to the formation

3

Types of cementing

When drilling oil and gas wells several different cementing methodscan be needed

Primary Cementing is the introduction of cementacious materialinto the annulus between casing and open hole

Remedial jobs to repair primary cementing jobs (Squeezecementing Cement plug)

Other cementing plugs for abandonment sidetracking loss zoneshellipetc

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Primary cementing

The placement of a cement slurry into the annulus between the casingand the formation exposed to the wellbore (open hole) or previouscasing

The most important objective of primary cementing is to provide zonalisolation (that is to prevent communications between the differentzones in a well) In addition the cement provides support for theseveral casing strings run in a well

5

Zonal Isolation

Poor Zonal Isolation

improper reservoir evaluation

crossflow of unwanted fluids

corrosion of pipe and scale production

annular pressure and environmental hazards

more than $45 Billionyear spent on unwanted produced water

management

6



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Purpose of primary cementing

Fasten the casing to the formation

Reduce the possibility of blowout from high pressure zones

Protect all Production zones

Prevent fluid movement between different formations or between

formation and the surface

Strengthen and protect casingtubing against corrosion

Support the borehole

7


Thru-Drill Pipe Cementing (Stab-in)

Outside Cementing (Top Job)

Single stage cementing ( two plugs cementing)

Two Stage Cementing

8



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Primary Cementing - Casing

Conductor

Surface

Intermediate

Production

Liners

9

Conductor Casing (stove pipe)

Confines circulating fluids

Prevents washing out under rig

Provides elevation for flow nipple and bell nipple

BOP are usually not attached to conductor casings

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Set from 40 to 100 feet

Casing is large 3642 inches inchesdiameter

Hole may be eroded severely

Casing can be pumped out easily and must be tied down

Large excess

Stab-in cementing common Accelerated neat cement


11

Surface casing

Protect water sands

Case unconsolidated formations

Provides primary pressure control

(BOP usually nippled up on surface

casing)

Supports subsequent casings

Case off loss circulation zones

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Itermediate casing

Cases off loss circulation zones water flows etc

Isolates salt sections

Protects open hole from increase in mud weight

Prevents flow from high-pressure zones if mud weight must

be reduced

Basic pressure control casing BOP always installed


15

Intermediate casing

3000 to 10000 ft (vertical or deviated)

13 38rdquo casing in 16rdquo or 17 frac12rdquo hole

9 58rdquo casing in 12 frac14rdquo hole

Guide shoe or float shoe and float collar commonly used

Cement volumes usually largest in well

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Intermediate casing

Potential problems over-pressured loss zones salt formations

or heaving shales

Narrow pressure window between pore bottom amp frac top

Long casing string may need a two-stage job

Best cementing practices are required

Cemented to surface or to previous casing shoe

Typically filler slurries followed by high compressive tail

Specialized slurries (light heavy salt etc)

17

Production casing

Conduit for Completion String

Provides pressure control

Cover worn or damaged intermediate casing

Setting depth through producing zone

Common sizes 4 12 rdquoand 7 casing

Generally cemented back to intermediate casing

Good cement job is vital to successful completion

Can be a liner

18



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Production Liner

Isolates the pay zone from other

formations and the fluids in them

Protective housing for production

equipment

usually cemented and perforated

Can be blanked or slotted

Common sizes

3 frac12 4 frac12rdquo 7rsquorsquo

19

Liners

bull Key Points

bull Requires less casing

bull Deeper wells

bull Small annular clearancebull Specialized equipment

Liner WiperPlug

Pump Down Plug

ldquoDartrdquo

Liner Hanger

Previous Shoe

Liner Over Lap

20



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Methodes of primary cementing

Thru-Drill Pipe Cementing (inner string cementing)



Two Stage Cementing

21


Key Points

Less cement contamination

Less channelling

Small displacement volume

Pump until cement tosurface

Less job time (rig time)

Less cement

Stingerexe

22



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Inner string cementing

Operational Sequence for running amp cementing 18 58rdquo

Prepare and measure the 18 58rdquo string (prepare the landing jointaccording to section TD)

Remove the 30 conductor pipe raiser respecting all the time the safety procedures

Run 18 58rdquo casing in the hole circulating from the cellar with a jetpump

Connect last casing joint with the minimum torque

Center the 18 58rdquo string (see figure 1) with metal rig-made slips

Install the IPN in the top of the cellar perpendicular to the 18 58rdquocasing

Install the 18 58rdquo casing elevator between the IPN and the next jointcouple The side door elevator needs to be landing on top of the IPN

Land casing

23


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Disconnect landing joint

Check the condition of the ldquoOrdquo rings of the cementing stinger nipple

Use 18 58 X 5 12 DP Centralizer

Run in hole stinger string

Set stinger in casing shoe circulate through the cement stinger andensure the stinger seal is not leaking

RU CMT head RU cementing lines Well Service flush lines with water and test lines to 3000 psi

Have enough cement and additives on location for 100 excess over

required volume Conduct a pump efficiency test and report the results on the daily

drilling report


25

Stinger26



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27

Cement 18 58rdquo casing pump cement slurries (lead then tail)

While cementing closely monitor any return from DP X Csg annulus

Observe returns from the well for any indication of hole losses orinstability

Displace cement check for mud return

Disconnect stinger from float shoe flush amp POOH the stinger string

Proceed to weld the centralizing slips

Cut 18 58rdquo casing as detailed in the procedures to install casing headhousing

Install casing head housing


28



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Key points

Bring cement to surface

Macaroni tubing used

Max depth 250-300 ft

High friction pressures

Non-standard connections

Tubingmovedduring job

29


It is conventional method

The most method used in drilling

Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

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Two Stage Cementing

The cementing of a string of casing in 02

Stages using a stage collar

1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why

Potential Casing Collapse due to Hydrostatic Pressure of a full columnof Cement

Lost circulation zone or low Frac gradient

Cement very long intervalle (timevolume limitations)

Reduce use of expensive slurries due to special well problems (saltzone gas zone)

Incomplet fill up (Can leave zone in the annulus uncemented)

Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

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Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs

bull First stage wiper plug (bottomplug is optional)

bull Opening plugbomp

bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar

Running in PositionRunning in Position Cementing Position Closed PositionCementing Position Closed Position

SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

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Where to place stage collar

Problematic formations (lost circulation salt zone hellipetc)

Inside previous casing to

bull Avoid jetting effect on the formation while circulatingcement

bull To ensure that if the collar fails to open at least the openhole section is cemented

Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points

The stage collar is eventually drilled out leaving the samedrift as the rest of the casing

3 stages cementing is the same as 2 stages but with 2 stagecollars

A stage collar is considered to be a weak point in the casing by many clients and so avoid using them

Alternatives use of lightweight slurries (foam cement)

Two Stage Cementing

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Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry

Drop first stage plug

Slowdown when the first stage plug passes the stage collar

Displace bump plug check returns

Drop bomb wait allocated time (rule of Thumb 200ftmin)

Pressure up to open stage collar

Circulate (WOC if required)

Pump washspacer then pump slurry

Drop closing plug

Displace close stage collar

Check for returns

Two Stage Cementing job procedure

39

Two Stage Cementing examples

13 313 3 88rdquordquo 6868 lbft Casinglbft Casing

Top of cement atTop of cement at 24612461 feetfeet

13 313 3 88rdquo shoe atrdquo shoe at 27892789 feetfeet

9 59 5 88rdquo Stage collar atrdquo Stage collar at 4265426533 feetfeet

12 112 1 44rdquo OHrdquo OH


9 59 5 88rdquo Float collar atrdquo Float collar at 6348634888 feetfeet

9 59 5 88rdquo Shoe atrdquo Shoe at 63986398 feetfeet

44

33

11

22

Calculate

First stage cementand displacement volume

Second stagecement anddisplaced volume

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1 Would you recommend a 2-stage

Why

2 What depth would the Collar be

3 What is the maximum density of

slurry possible during the first stage

(assume cmt to stage collar)

4 Where would the TOC be for the first

stage


Frac Gradient 08 psiftMW = 12 ppg

salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



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Liners

Any string of casing whose top is located below thesurface hung inside the previous casing and is run toits setting depth by drill pipe

LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason

Save money (Cost of 1 Joint of Casing can be $3000)

Cover CorrodedDamaged Casing

Cover

bull Lost Circulation Zones

bull Shale or Plastic Formations

bull Salt Zones

Deep Wells Rig Unable to Lift Long String of Casing

44



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Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner

Intermediatedrilling

bull Cover problem zone in order to be able to continue drilling

Tie-backliner complement

bull From top of existing liner to surface or further up casing to covercorroded or damaged zone

45

Types of liners

Tie-Back (Liner Complement)

This is often done if production iscommercially viable or there is damageto casing above the liner

TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



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Liners47

Procedure for Setting Liner

RIH hole with drill pipe

At liner hanger depth condition mud (Reciprocation Rotation)

Release slips (liner hanger) (Rotation - mechanical pressure -hydraulic)

Set slips release liner weight check to see if running tool is free

Pump mud - to ensure free circulation

Cement Displace Bump plug Bleed off

Release setting tool

POOH above TOC and circulate

48



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Liner cement job procedure

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry

Drop Pump Down plug (or drill pipe wiper dart)

Displace

bull To running tool and slow down the rate

bull Shear Wiper Plugldquo

bull Displace to Float Collar Slow down while approaching end ofdisplacement

Bump plugcheckf or returns Release tool

Pull up to TOC and reverse circulate circulate

Linerexe

49

Liner overlap

Cementing the liner lap is critical

Too much cement above the liner hanger is not recommended

So make sure that uncontaminated cement is present at the liner lap -

washes and spacers WELLCLEAN

If not there is communication from the annulus to the formation

50





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Liner exemple well schematic

3 12rdquo drill pipe 133 lbft

9 58rdquo casing shoe at 6500 ft

9 58rdquo casing 47 lbft

7rdquo liner 29 lbft Top at6200 ft

7rdquo liner shoe at 10500 ft

4 12rdquo liner 166 lbft top 10100ft collar 14320 ft

4 12rdquo liner shoe at 14400ft

6rdquo Open hole + 20 Excess

53

Designing a Cement Job

Compute fluid volumes

Slurry

Wash Spacer

displacement volumes based on

Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



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Check that well security is respected

Simulate cement pumping process to compute hydrostatic anddynamic pressures and compare them to

bull pore pressure

bull Fracture pressure

bull Tubular burst pressure

Ensure well security when Running In Hole

Check Temperature and thickening time

55


Check for an efficient mud removal to preventmud channeling and to ensure good zonalisolation

bull Optimize fluid properties

bull Optimize the pumping rate

bull Optimize casing centralization

Ensure good wall cleaning

bull Optimize pre-flushes volume and flow rate

56



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Parameters required

WELL PARAMETERS FLUID PARAMETERS

Hole size and depthCasing tally PP and FPTemperatureCentralization

Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations

Prior to a cement job the following calculations are made

1 Cement volume requirements

2 Cement displacement volume

3 Cement slurry composition calculations

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The following categories are involved

Cement volume (annular volume)

Amount of water to make the cement

Cement density and yield

Displacement for landing top plug

Pumping pressure for landing top plug

Hydrostatic pressure on the formation

Pressure for casing axial force during pressure test after the top cementplug is bumped

Cement calculations

59

Cement slurry volume

Before a cementing job can be carried out volume calculations areneeded

Depending on the drilling fluid program and types of formation thehole diameter will be somewhat larger than the drill bit diameter

Annular volume is calculated to determine the amount of cement to bemixed

The amount is decided by making calculations based on the drill bitdiameter plus an extra amount based on experience or what is knownabout the formations in that particular area or caliper log

This forms the basis for the cement companys calculation of the totaltime needed for mixing and pumping the required

Cement calculations

60



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After the casing is put into place this calculated amount will normally be adjusted based on data collected via the caliper log

The caliper log does not give completely reliable results and is usuallyused to find out whether the calculated cement volume based on thedrill bit diameter is satisfactory

We normally use between 125 and 2 times the cement volume which was calculated by using drill bit diameter this to compensate for wash-

out in the well

Cement calculations

61


This is especially important with regard to deviation drilling as these wells have a tendency to become oval and so excess cement is needed

This can often vary up to as much as 50 of the calculated hole volume

The ratio of fullness in the annulus will vary somewhat depending onpractice in the different companies and the demands from theauthorities

The two upper casings are always cemented back to the surface

Normal cement volume is 100-200 more than calculated volume based on ideal diameters

12 14 and 8 12 sections often have 30-50 excess

Cement calculations

62



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The required volume of cement slurry is based on the following factors

Length of open hole

Diameter of the open hole (drill bit diameter and degree of washout)

External and internal diameter in the particular casing

Top of cement in the well

Cement calculations

63

Cement slurry composition calculations are based on kilos or liters per100 kg cement powder

Slurry composition is characterized by1 Slurry Density

2 Thickening time

3 Ultimate cement strength

4 Slurry permeability

5 Slurry viscosity (Pressure loss)

6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



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A 7 liner cementation require 43 m3 cement slurry volume

From cementing company laboratory

bull The slurry density is 190 kgliter

bull Slurry yield is 9688 LHK

Additives

bull Micro Block (Gas Block Additive) 18 LHK

bull CFR3L (Thinner) 115 LHK

bull SCR-100L (Retarder) 20 LHK

bullHALAD (Fluid loss reducer) 65 LHK

bull NF-5 ( De-foamer) 01 LHK

bull Fresh Water 3738 LHK

Cement calculations

65

Step 1 Calculate cement requirements

Cernent Requirement = CementVolumex100slurry yield (LHK)

= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton

LHK = Litre per Hundred Kilo Cement

Cement calculations

66



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Additive calculations67

A 9 58 casing cement job require 123 m3 cement slurry volumeCalculate cement and mix water and liquid additives per measuringtank


bull The slurry density is 192 kglitrebull Slurry yield is 9588 LHK

Additives



bull HALAD (Fluid loss reducer) 570 LHK

bull NF-5 (De-foamer) 015 LHK


Additive calculations exercise

68



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Displacement Volume

After the cement is mixed and pumped into the well it isdisplaced down the casing and up the annulus

The displacement volume is the volume needed to send the topplug from the cement head to the float collar

This is normally done by multiplying the length with the capacityfor the string

A pump efficiency is used for these calculations

This capacity varies normally between 96 - 99

Cement calculations

69

Pumping Pressure to Charge Top Plug

When the cement leaves the casing shoe and start to move up in theannulus we will notice the u -tube effect by the heavier slurry in theannulus

Example A casing is cemented with 190 sg slurry and displaced with 1 35 sgTop Of Cement TOC is at 1000 m Cement shoe is at 2000 m and thefloat collar is at 1976 m What is the differential pressure just before thetop plug lands (ignore friction)

AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



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Hydrostatic Pressure

To ensure we are not fracturing the formation during the cement job itis necessary to calculate the hydrostatic pressure in the cement slurry to be used

Get an idea of whether there is a risk of the well fracturing when we arecementing

We must calculate pressure at different levels in the well based on thegeological conditions

In very weak zones we must take extra care with regard to friction

pressure in addition to the hydrostatic pressure

71

Casing amp cementing Accessories72



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Guide Shoe

Attached to first length of casing to belowered into hole

Guides casing into borehole andaround obstructions

Can be drilled out with the bit

73

bull Float Collar

ndash This is set about two-three joints above the casing shoe and actas a one way valve

ndash When it is used the cement plugs land on top of it

Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



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Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids

(cementwashspacermud)

Wiping the casing clean

Surface indication of

placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others

Centralizer to centrecasing in bore hole topromote even distributionof cement around casing

Cementing Basket tominimize losses in weakzones

Scratchers to scratch offthe mud cake to improvecement bond

76



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Cement Heads

Conventional cement head

77

Batch MixerDiesel Engine

Bulk PlantSilos WBB Compressor Dust

Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



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LASLiquid Addtive System

Slurry ChiefMixing System

CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer

Cement Head(Sub Sea System)

Equipment Off-Shore

79

Mixing amp Surface equipment

80



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81

Casing String Components from bottom up

Float shoeFloat shoendashndash guide and check valve to preventguide and check valve to prevent

cement back flow cement back flow

22 Casing jointsCasing jointsndashndash to capture any contaminated cementto capture any contaminated cement

Float collarFloat collar

CentralizersCentralizers

ScratchersScratchers

CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing

FloatCollar Float Shoe

Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor

Figure 9 Typical cementing equipment

82



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REMEDIAL CEMENTING

What is remedial cementing

Why do we do it

Plugs Lost circulationKick off

Abandonment

Squeeze Primary cement job repairUnwanted Water ProductionHigh Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR)Casing Splits or LeaksNonproductive or Depleted Zones

84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

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PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing

Purposesbull To side track above a fish or to initiate directional

drillingbull To plug back a zonebull To plug back a well (abandonment or later re-entry)bull To solve a lost-circulation problem during the drilling

phasebull To provide an anchor for OH tests

86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

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Side Track and Directional Drilling

Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG

Design considerations

bull High compressivestrength typically withhigh density

bull Length should be enoughto kick off

87

Plug Back a Depleted Zone

DepletedZone

Cement

Plug


bull Sufficient length to provide

a long term barrierbull Legal requirements

dictated by authorities

bull Reservoir zones mayrequire additionaladditives

88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

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Lost Circulation

ThiefZone

CEMENTPLUGCEMENTPLUG


bull Sufficient length to coverthe thief zone

bull Successive treatments may be required depending onlosses

bull Lower density to minimise

hydrostatic pressure

89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG




dictated by authoritiesbull Reservoir zones may

require additionaladditives

90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

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Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG


bull Sufficient compressivestrength to withstandpressure testing

bull Reservoir zones mayrequire additional additives

91

Cement Plugs - design

Design criteria

1 Quality

bull Cement hardness

bull Cement weight

bull Cement permeability

2 Time

Cement setting time (Pumping time) The minimum thickening timeshould be the job time plus a safety factor

2 Cement hardening time (ultimate strength) For kick off plugs theultimate setting time should be achieved prior kick off operation

92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

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Cement testing should be carried out using samples of theactual materials to be used during the job (samples of mix

water and leadtail slurries)

Calculate the hydrostatic pressures throughout the job andcheck that the formation is never under balanced Weightedspacers or mud must be used to maintain primary wellcontrol at all times

Cement Plugs - design93

Wherever possible run a slim tubing stinger below the mainpipe The minimum stinger length should be the pluglength plus 30m

The natural tendency for cement slurry is to traveldownwards when it leaves the string since the slurry willgenerally be heavier than the drilling fluid

This can be avoided by spotting a viscous pill below theplug setting interval

Cement Plugs ndash string design

94



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Slurry Properties

Density

lighter for Lost Circulation

heavier for Sidetracking

homogeneous - batchmixing

Rheology

higher for Lost Circulation

Optimum (mud removal)

for Sidetracking lower for placement with

Coiled Tubing

Compressive Strength

higher for Sidetracking

less important for LostCirculation

minimum 500 psi for drillout

Thickening Time

enough for placementPOOH amp circulating clean

95

Optimising Cement Plugs - Slurry mixingplacement

1 Pump a spacer ahead of the slurry to give a separation betweenthe drilling mud and the cement slurry

2 Cement slurry should be batch mixed3 A slight under-displacement is required in order to pull a dry

string4 Pump a spacer behind the slurry to give a separation between

the drilling mud and the cement slurry5 Displace at maximum rates6 If possible rotate the string during the slurry placement and

displacement7 Pull back slowly above the plug and circulate out excess cement

At the same time the inside of the drill pipe will be cleaned forcement

8 Do not run back into the cement plug after pulling clear

96



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Reasons for Cement Plug Failures

Lack of hardness (sidetracking)

Poor isolation (plug back abandonment)

Wrong Depth

Not in place due to sinking to the bottom

Not in place due to loss to thief zone

97

Balanced Plug Placement

bull Most commonly usedmethod

bull Set using drill pipe andstinger

98



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983093983088

Balanced Plug Placement99

Water or other fluid of different density from that hole is run ahead

and behind cement slurry The volume of fluid ahead and behind

slurry is calculated so that height in casing is same as height inside the

string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W

Height of plugafter pulling pipe

Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure

1 Pump required spacer volume

2 Mix and pup required cement volume

3 Pump spacer behind cernent inside stinger

4 Displace with mud

5 POOH above cement plug

6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example

When the cement stinger is pulledabove the plug The last drop ofcement is leaving the stinger

Then the displacement volume is V = Stinger capacity X distance to top

plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm

V= 915 x 1450 = 13267 Litre mud +50 m Spacer = 457 litre

Total displacement volume 13724litre




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise

Set 200m balanced cement plug inside 12 14 hole

Use 3 frac12rdquo 133 Ibsft DP cap 386 lpm

50 m spacer between DP and open hole

Bottom of plug at 3000 m

Calculate

1 Required plug cement volume2 Spacer volumes ahead and behind

3 Displacement volume


Question

If the mud density is greater than the cement density

should you over displace or under displace


104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092

Squeeze Cementing - Applications

bull Primary cement job repair

bull Unwanted Water Production

bull High Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR)

bull Casing Splits or Leaks

bull Non-productive or Depleted Zones

107

Squeeze Cementing - Methods

Squeeze techniques High pressure - above formation frac pressure

Low pressure - below formation frac pressure

Pumping techniques Hesitation

Running

Placement techniques PackerCement Retainer

Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093

Low Pressure Squeeze

Squeeze pressure below fracture pressure

Best way to squeeze the pay zone

Use small volume of slurry

Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells

Naturally fractured formations

109

High Pressure Squeeze

Fracturing is necessary to place cement in the void

Requires placement of large volumes of slurry

Wash or acid ahead to minimize pump rates required toinitiate fracture

110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze

Continuous pumping until final squeeze pressure is attained

Clean fluid in the hole

Large slurry volumes without fluid loss control

Low or high pressure squeeze

Applications

Water flow

Abandon perforations

Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze

Lost circulation zones

111

Hesitation Squeeze

Intermittent pumping

Low pump rates

Small slurry volumes

Long job times Applications

Channel repair

Long perforated interval

Long splits in casing

Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze

Done through tubing or drillpipe without packer

Advantages

No tools are used (simplicity)

Cost

Disadvantages

Casing and wellhead areexposed to pressure

BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113

Packer with Tailpipe Squeeze

bull Downhole Isolation tool

bull Casing and wellheadprotection

bull Tailpipe for placementor setting a bridge plug

bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096

Cement Retainer Squeeze

Drillable Isolation Tool

Similar to packer withouttailpipe

Applications

Squeeze pressure trapped

BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115

Coiled Tubing Squeeze

Applications Producing wells

Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097

Cement Chemistry amp Additives

Cement is made of Limestone and clay or shale mixed inthe right proportions

Each run may be slightly different due to impurities

Cement is heated in a rotary kiln from 2600 to 2800degrees F

What comes out of the kiln is called clinker

The Clinker and Its Components118



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088

The Clinker and Its Components

The clinker is the mixture formed by the clinkering processThe clinker has four components C3S C2S C3A and C4AF

The letters in the clinker names are not chemical formulasInstead the letters represent abbreviations of chemicalformulas

C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2

A ndash Al2O3 F ndash Fe2O3

119

Clinker Scientific Name ChemicalFormula

Properties in Cement

C3S Tricalcium silicate 3CaO SiO2 Major component (50 to60)

Strength development

C2S Dicalcium silicate 2CaO SiO2 Final compressivestrength

C3A Tricalciumaluminate

3CaO AlO3 Sets rapidly Controlled by gypsumEarly strengthdevelopment

C4AF Tetracalciumaluminoferrite

4CaO Al2O3 Fe2O3 Little influence




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement

After the clinker is formed and cooled it is moved to a second grindingmill where it is combined with 15 to 5 gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) by weight of clinker When added in this amount (generally +- 3)gypsum prevents flash set by controlling the hydration of C3A

If more than 5 gypsum is added to the clinker the cement undergoesa false set Excess gypsum causes false set because it tends to hydratequicker than the cement The clinker and gypsum mixture is groundand blended to form Portland cement

Cement reactivity to water depends a lot on surface area which isrelated to the size of the cement grains Cement grain size ranges from 1to 100 microns (average size around 30 microns)

121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123

Cement must be placed in wells ranging from shallow to very deep

Additives are used to adjust cement properties and tailorthe cement to specific needs

Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders

Lightweight additives or extenders are used to decreasethe density of cement

Excess mix water can be used to decrease the density toa limited extent

Excess water increases thickening time increases free

water and reduces compressive strength

Cement Additives

125

Extenders

bull Bentonite is the most common light weight additive

bull Bentonite will tie up extra mix water reducing density bull Light weight cements have as much as 12 bentonite

bull Adding bentonite thickens the cement slurry and it must be thinned by adding a thinner or friction reducer

Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092

Perlite is volcanic glass bubbles that has some times beenused in geothermal wells because of its insulatingproperties

Perlite is considerably more expensive

Gilsonite and kolite are used to reduce density howevertheir primary function is as a lost circulation material

Gilsonite is a black asphalt

Kolite is crushed coal

Extenders

Cement Additives

127

Foamed cements are also used to reduce the density of the

slurry In a foamed cement nitrogen is added to the cement

mixture

Very low densities can be obtained with foamed cement butthey are more expensive

Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents

Hematite is one of the more common additive for highdensity cement due to its high specific gravity

For smaller increases in density barite can be used

Barite is ground fine and requires more mix water to keepthe slurry pumpable

Sand can be added to increase the density due to low mix

water requirements

Cement Additives

129

Densified slurries can be used up to 175 ppg

A densified slurry is produced by reducing the mix water

and adding a dispersant to make it thin enough to pump

Salt can be used to increase the density of a slurry

Salt increases the density of the liquid phase

Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094

At low temperatures it would

take too long for the cement

to set up so accelerators

are added to the cement

Decrease the thickening time

of cement for shallow low

temperature applications

Cement Additives

131

As a rule of thumbaccelerators areinorganiccompounds

Calcium chloride is the most common accelerator

It is used in concentrations from 1 to 3

Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095

A little salt willaccelerate

A lot of salt willretard thecement

Cement Additives

133

Retarders

Increase the thickening time of cement for deeper hotterapplications

Typically retarders are organic compounds

Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders

One of the most common retarders is calciumlignosufonate

Sodium Chloride is a retarder at high concentrations

As bottomhole temperatures change the type of

retarder will change

Cement Additives

135

Friction loss additives (Dispersants) are used tothin the cement slurry

bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate

bull Alky aryl sulfonate

bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097

Lost circulation material

bull Granular material such as gilsonite kolite perlite and walnut hulls

bull Organic compounds canretard the cement

Cement Additives

137

Other Additives

Antifoam defoamer agents

Bonding agents

Gas migration control additives etc

Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation

Cement bond logs are used to

bull Determine hydraulic isolation between zones of

interestbull Locate cement top

bull Determine feasibility of a cement squeeze

bull Evaluate the quality of the cement

140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond

Directly related to surface finish of the pipe

A clean surface greatly enhances the bond potentialie no

grease oil spots or paint on the pipe exterior

The pipe to cement bond was formerly the top priority Today

the cement to formation is now considered more critical

Cement evaluation

141

Cement to Formation Bond

Generally determines whether there will be gas or liquid

communication in the annulus

Hydraulic bond across permeable zones is largely influenced by

the presence or absence of mud filter cake

Permeable formations will leach fluids so cement with water

loss additives must be used in these conditions

Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090

Two types of cement evaluation tools

The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log

The Radial Bond Tool

The Ultrasonic Tools

The Circumferential Acoustic ScanningTools

Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs

Acoustic cement bond logs do not directly measure hydraulic seal

Instead they measure the loss of acoustic energy as it propagates

through casing

This loss of acoustic energy can be related to the fraction of the

casing perimeter covered with cement

144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091

Travel Time (Transit Time)

For free-pipe the travel time should match the expected time for thatcasing size

For bonded pipe the travel time should increase as it triggers laterarrivals

If the travel time decreases below casing arrival time and theamplitude drops then suspect eccentralization

If the travel time decreases below casing arrival time and theamplitude increases suspect fast formations

The travel time difference between the 3ft and 5ft receivers should be114 micros If it less than this suspect fast formations

145

Amplitude

For bonded pipe the amplitude should be low

For free-pipe the amplitude will be high

If the amplitude is intermediate cross check with the cement

map to see if itrsquos due to cement channeling or low

compressive strength cement

146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092

Decentralized Tools String

Centring of the Tool is critical for valid measurements

If the tool is eccentered there are 2 paths for the sonicsignal to take

the travel time will be less than the expected travel timeand the amplitude will be low which will falsely indicategood bonding

147

CBL Tool

Advantage

Widely Used Method to Evaluate the Cement Job

Used to Evaluate the Zonal Isolation Bonding to Casing Bonding toFormation and Cement Compressive Strength

Tool Response Characterized and Well Documented

148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool

CementFormation Casing

TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage

Affected by tool centralization fluid attenuation pressure andtemperature

Affected by fast formations thin cement sheath

Gives only qualitative cement-formation bonding information

Omni-directional signal- Assumes uniform distribution of cementin the annulus

Cannot evaluate the radial placement of cement materials in thecasing formation annulus

Does not provide positive channel identification

151

Sector Tool (Radial Bond Tool)

Measures the quality of the cement bond laterally aroundthe circumference of the casing

It has a single omni-directional transmitter

The 3 foot near spaced receiver is divided into 8 radial

segments measure 45deg increments to produce cementmap for channel identification

The receiver located at 5 feet is the traditional

omni-directional sensing

The amplitude of the received acoustic signal in

each of the segments represents radial

variations in material in the casing-formation

annulus These radial variations in the signal amplitude

could be possible channels or voids in the cement

GR

Electronics

Transmitter

3 Ft Receiveramp 8 Radials

5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages

Less affected by heavy drill fluids Can log in 18 ppg mud

Not affected by oil based mud

Identifies channels

Not affected by casing thickness Good in wells with corrosion

Centralized very easily in deviated wells up to 60deg

Sector Tool (Radial Bond Tool)153

Disadvantages

Three foot spacing will be affected by fast formation arrivals

Reads incorrect amplitudes in presence of micro annulus( unless rununder pressure)

The RBT has sensors with 60 degree or 45 degree azimuthal resolution which cannot resolve the detection of small azimuthal channels




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools

Use a single rotating transducer combinedtransmitter and receiver

Acquire ultrasonic waveform data for both cementevaluation and casing evaluation in the samelogging run or pass

The sampling rate of the rotating transducer canprovide 100 azimuthal coverage of the casing

Allows to distinguish cement liquid and gas in thecasing-formation annular space based on theacoustic properties of the received waves

155

Ultrasonic transducer is located 125rdquo to25rdquo from the casing wall

Sends a beam of ultrasonic energy in the500 kHz band

Ultrasonic energy causes the casing to vibrate or ldquoringrdquo

Frequency and decay rate of returnsignal is measured

Casing thickness and impedance ofcement sheath is calculated

By measuring the energy of the vibrationthe presence or absence of cement can bedetected

Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097

Ultrasonic Theory of Measurement

Ultrasonic transducer acts as transmitter amp receiver

bull Transmits short pulse of acoustic energy

bull Receives multiple echoes from the casing cement amp formation

Casing Resonates

Casing resonance dampened in the presence of cement

Mud Casing Cement FormationTransducer

157

Acoustic Impedance

The Impedance of a material defines the sound properties for thatmaterial It is a product of the density of the medium and the velocityof sound of the medium

Z= p x c

bull Where Z = Impedance in MRaylsbull P = the density in kgm3

bull C = speed of sound in ms

bull Example Z water = 1000 kgm3 1500 msec = 15 MRayls

bull At any bed boundary (Z1 Z2) with different Impedances soundenergy will be reflected and refracted

bull Acoustic impedance of steel Z steel = 45 MRayls

158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088

Ultrasonic Technique

The amplitude of the signal is proportional to the acousticimpedance of the material behind pipe

Color Acoustic Impedance Material Behind Casing

White 000-038 Gas

Light Blue - Dark Blue 039-230 Liquid Gas - Fresh Water

Yellow - Light Brown 231-270 Heavy Drilling Fluid ndash Light Cement

Light Brown - Dark Brown 271-385 Low Impedance Cement

Dark Brown 386-500 Medium Impedance Cement

Black gt 500 High Impedance Cement

159

White color = Z lt 14 MraylsBlue color = 14ltZlt18 Mrayls

Yellow color = Zgt18 Mrayls

Acoustic Impedance Map

160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090

Channel in the cement

Micro-annulus

Fast formations

Cement Evaluation-Difficulties

163

Cement channels are longitudinal pockets with no cement

May happen when the mud is not adequately flushed from the wellbore during thecementing process (accentuated when the casing is not centralized)

Channeling could be caused by gas or water migration during the time that thecement is curing and or in high angle wells where heavy cement sinks to the lowside of the wellbore leaving little or no cement on the high side


164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091

A micro annulus is a microscopic gap between thecement and the casing which causes poor acousticcoupling

The gap has been estimated in the range of 0005-001rdquo (012 to 025 mm)

A micro annulus does not compromise hydraulicisolation

Log indicates moderate casing amplitude andformation arrivals

Indicates poor bond when good hydraulicisolation is present

If a micro annulus is suspected re-run the log withthe casing under pressure (500 to 1000 psi)

Micro-annulus

165

Pressure differential placed on casingbull Pressure on a cement plug

bull Pressure testing casing

bull

Stimulation (acidizing fracturing etc) Different hydrostatic pressures on casing

bull Change of wellbore fluids while cement is curing

Mechanicalbull Moving pipe after cementing etc

Thermal Micro-annulusbull Heat generated by curing cement

Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations

bull A Fast formation is a formation where the sonic velocity is higher orfaster than the sonic velocity in casing

bull Formation signals can arrive at the 3ft receiver before the casing signal

bull Formation signal arrives in the amplitude gate resulting ininterpretation as poor bond

bull As a check the travel time to the first arrival should be examinedbull Indications on the log are increased amplitude and decreased Travel

Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090

Introduction

A critical Well Construction process used worldwide

Cementing is an important steps in the wellrsquos finishingprocess

Cementing is done by pumping a slurry of cement and water at a strategic point around the casing to bind these up

to the formation

3

Types of cementing

When drilling oil and gas wells several different cementing methodscan be needed

Primary Cementing is the introduction of cementacious materialinto the annulus between casing and open hole

Remedial jobs to repair primary cementing jobs (Squeezecementing Cement plug)

Other cementing plugs for abandonment sidetracking loss zoneshellipetc

4



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091

Primary cementing



5

Zonal Isolation







management

6



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092









7





Two Stage Cementing

8



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093


Conductor

Surface

Intermediate

Production

Liners

9






10



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094





Large excess



11

Surface casing

Protect water sands




casing)



12





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096

Itermediate casing





be reduced



15

Intermediate casing






16



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983097

Intermediate casing


or heaving shales







17

Production casing








Can be a liner

18



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983088

Production Liner




equipment



Common sizes


19

Liners

bull Key Points


bull Deeper wells


Liner WiperPlug

Pump Down Plug

ldquoDartrdquo

Liner Hanger

Previous Shoe

Liner Over Lap

20



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983089





Two Stage Cementing

21


Key Points


Less channelling




Less cement

Stingerexe

22



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983090










Land casing

23


24



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983091









drilling report


25

Stinger26



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091

Primary cementing



5

Zonal Isolation







management

6



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092









7





Two Stage Cementing

8



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093


Conductor

Surface

Intermediate

Production

Liners

9






10



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094





Large excess



11

Surface casing

Protect water sands




casing)



12





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096

Itermediate casing





be reduced



15

Intermediate casing






16



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983097

Intermediate casing


or heaving shales







17

Production casing








Can be a liner

18



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983088

Production Liner




equipment



Common sizes


19

Liners

bull Key Points


bull Deeper wells


Liner WiperPlug

Pump Down Plug

ldquoDartrdquo

Liner Hanger

Previous Shoe

Liner Over Lap

20



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983089





Two Stage Cementing

21


Key Points


Less channelling




Less cement

Stingerexe

22



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983090










Land casing

23


24



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983091









drilling report


25

Stinger26



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092









7





Two Stage Cementing

8



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093


Conductor

Surface

Intermediate

Production

Liners

9






10



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094





Large excess



11

Surface casing

Protect water sands




casing)



12





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096

Itermediate casing





be reduced



15

Intermediate casing






16



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983097

Intermediate casing


or heaving shales







17

Production casing








Can be a liner

18



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983088

Production Liner




equipment



Common sizes


19

Liners

bull Key Points


bull Deeper wells


Liner WiperPlug

Pump Down Plug

ldquoDartrdquo

Liner Hanger

Previous Shoe

Liner Over Lap

20



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983089





Two Stage Cementing

21


Key Points


Less channelling




Less cement

Stingerexe

22



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983090










Land casing

23


24



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983091









drilling report


25

Stinger26



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093


Conductor

Surface

Intermediate

Production

Liners

9






10



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094





Large excess



11

Surface casing

Protect water sands




casing)



12





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096

Itermediate casing





be reduced



15

Intermediate casing






16



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983097

Intermediate casing


or heaving shales







17

Production casing








Can be a liner

18



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983088

Production Liner




equipment



Common sizes


19

Liners

bull Key Points


bull Deeper wells


Liner WiperPlug

Pump Down Plug

ldquoDartrdquo

Liner Hanger

Previous Shoe

Liner Over Lap

20



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983089





Two Stage Cementing

21


Key Points


Less channelling




Less cement

Stingerexe

22



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983090










Land casing

23


24



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983091









drilling report


25

Stinger26



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094





Large excess



11

Surface casing

Protect water sands




casing)



12





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096

Itermediate casing





be reduced



15

Intermediate casing






16



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983097

Intermediate casing


or heaving shales







17

Production casing








Can be a liner

18



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983088

Production Liner




equipment



Common sizes


19

Liners

bull Key Points


bull Deeper wells


Liner WiperPlug

Pump Down Plug

ldquoDartrdquo

Liner Hanger

Previous Shoe

Liner Over Lap

20



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983089





Two Stage Cementing

21


Key Points


Less channelling




Less cement

Stingerexe

22



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983090










Land casing

23


24



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983091









drilling report


25

Stinger26



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096

Itermediate casing





be reduced



15

Intermediate casing






16



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983097

Intermediate casing


or heaving shales







17

Production casing








Can be a liner

18



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983088

Production Liner




equipment



Common sizes


19

Liners

bull Key Points


bull Deeper wells


Liner WiperPlug

Pump Down Plug

ldquoDartrdquo

Liner Hanger

Previous Shoe

Liner Over Lap

20



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983089





Two Stage Cementing

21


Key Points


Less channelling




Less cement

Stingerexe

22



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983090










Land casing

23


24



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983091









drilling report


25

Stinger26



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983097

Intermediate casing


or heaving shales







17

Production casing








Can be a liner

18



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983088

Production Liner




equipment



Common sizes


19

Liners

bull Key Points


bull Deeper wells


Liner WiperPlug

Pump Down Plug

ldquoDartrdquo

Liner Hanger

Previous Shoe

Liner Over Lap

20



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983089





Two Stage Cementing

21


Key Points


Less channelling




Less cement

Stingerexe

22



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983090










Land casing

23


24



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983091









drilling report


25

Stinger26



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983088

Production Liner




equipment



Common sizes


19

Liners

bull Key Points


bull Deeper wells


Liner WiperPlug

Pump Down Plug

ldquoDartrdquo

Liner Hanger

Previous Shoe

Liner Over Lap

20



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983089





Two Stage Cementing

21


Key Points


Less channelling




Less cement

Stingerexe

22



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983090










Land casing

23


24



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983091









drilling report


25

Stinger26



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983089





Two Stage Cementing

21


Key Points


Less channelling




Less cement

Stingerexe

22



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983090










Land casing

23


24



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983091









drilling report


25

Stinger26



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983090










Land casing

23


24



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983091









drilling report


25

Stinger26



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983091









drilling report


25

Stinger26



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983092


27










28



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983093


Key points







29




Long pumping times

High pump pressures

SingleStageexe

30





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983095

Two Stage Cementing



1st Stage

StageCollar

33

Why






Two Stage Cementing

TwoStageexe

34



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983096

Hardware

Stage collar

Plugs



bull Closing plug

Two Stage Cementing

35

Stage collar


SHEARPINS

OPENING

BOMB

OPENING

BOMB

CLOSING

PLUG

36



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983089983097






Two Stage Cementing

37

Some other points





Two Stage Cementing

38



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983088

Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry








Drop closing plug


Check for returns


39










44

33

11

22

Calculate



40



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983089


Why






stage



salt zone salt zone

2400rsquo

5500rsquo

5850rsquo

TD8400rsquo

41



weak formation

weak formation

4100rsquo

7100 -7250FG 06 psift

TD10200rsquo

8400 -8450FG068 psift

42



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983090

Liners


LINER HANGER

CASING

SHOE

OVERLAP 50 -500 FT

43

Liners

Way liners

Prime reason



Cover



bull Salt Zones


44



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983091

Types of liners

Production

bull Most common

bull Save$$

bull Slotted liner

bull Blanked liner





45

Types of liners



TIE BACK

STINGER WITHSEALS

LINER

46



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983092

Liners47










48



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983093


Pressure test lines

Pump washspacer

Pump slurry


Displace






Linerexe

49

Liner overlap






50





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983095










53



Slurry

Wash Spacer


Hole capacity

Casing capacity

Annular length

54



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983096




bull pore pressure





55








56



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983090983097

Parameters required



Densities

Rheology PV and Ty

Cement additives

57

Cement calculations





58



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983088









Cement calculations

59







Cement calculations

60



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983089





out in the well

Cement calculations

61








Cement calculations

62



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983090



Length of open hole




Cement calculations

63



2 Thickening time




6 Fluid loss

Cement calculations

64



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983091





Additives







Cement calculations

65



= 43000 x 1009688= 4439 ton


Cement calculations

66



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983092





Additives







68



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983093

Displacement Volume






Cement calculations

69




AP = (1976 -1000) x 00981 x (190 - 135) = 527 bar

70



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983094







71




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983095

Guide Shoe




73

bull Float Collar



Ball Type

Flapper Type

Float collar

74



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983096

Wiper Plugs

To Separate Fluids




placement

Bottom Plug

(pump through)

Top Plug (Solid)

75

Others




76



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983091983097

Cement Heads


77



Collector

Fill

Equipment On-Shore

78



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983088



CPSCement Pump Skid

Batch Mixer


Equipment Off-Shore

79


80



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983089


81








CementHead

Drilling Fluid

Cement

Casing


Centralizer

Ground Level

Rig Floor


82



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983090

REMEDIAL CEMENTING


Why do we do it


Abandonment


84



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983091

PLUG CEMENTING

Plug Cementing




86



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983092


Kick Off Point

NEW

HOLE

CEMENTPLUG




87


DepletedZone

Cement

Plug






88



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983093

Lost Circulation

ThiefZone







89

Abandonment

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENTPLUG

CEMENT

PLUG






90



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983094

Test Anchor

Test String

Zone to be Tested

WeakFormation

CEMENTPLUG




91


Design criteria

1 Quality


bull Cement weight


2 Time



92



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983095









94



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983096

Slurry Properties

Density




Rheology




Coiled Tubing





Thickening Time


95









96



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983092983097




Wrong Depth



97




98



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983088





string

mud

water

cement

water

mud

h W


Height ofplug with

pipe in place




983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983089

Procedure




4 Displace with mud


6 Circulate

7 POOH


Example



plug

5DP195 -gt 915lpm






983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983090

Exercise





Calculate




Question




104





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983092







107





Running


Bradenhead

Coiled tubing

108



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983093





Applicable for

Multiple zones

Long intervals

Low BHP wells


109





110



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983094

Running Squeeze





Applications

Water flow


Increase cement top

Casing shoes

Liner tops

Block squeeze


111

Hesitation Squeeze


Low pump rates



Channel repair



Lost circulation

112



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983095

Bradenhead Squeeze


Advantages


Cost

Disadvantages


BRIDGE

PLUG

Sand

CEMEN

T

BO

P

113





bull Long intervals

Packer

CEMENT

Tail Pipe

114



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983096




Applications


BRIDGE PLUG

Sand

CEMENT

CEMENT

RETAINER

115



Through tubing

Advantages Cost

Accurate placement

116



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983093983097









983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983088




C ndash CaO

S ndash SiO2


119













983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983089

Portland Cement




121

API Cement Classes

122



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983090

API Cement Classes

123



Cement Additives

124



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983091

Extenders





Cement Additives

125

Extenders




Cement Additives

126



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983092






Extenders

Cement Additives

127



mixture


Extenders

Cement Additives

128



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983093

Weighting Agents





water requirements

Cement Additives

129






Cement Additives

130



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983094








Cement Additives

131




Cement Additives

132



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983095



Cement Additives

133

Retarders



Cement Additives

134



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983096

Retarders





Cement Additives

135


bull Organic acids

bull Lignosulfonate


bull Phosphate

bull Salt

Cement Additives

136



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983094983097




Cement Additives

137

Other Additives


Bonding agents


Fluid Loss Control

138



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983088

Cement Evaluation

139

Cement evaluation






140



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983089

Pipe to Cement Bond






Cement evaluation

141








Cement evaluation

142



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983090


The Sonic Tools

The Cement Bond Log




Cement evaluation

143

Acoustic Bond Logs



through casing



144



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983091







145

Amplitude






146



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983092





147

CBL Tool

Advantage




148



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983093

CBL Tool


TRANS-MITTER

3 FTRECEIVER

5 FT

RECEIVER

A B

C

DE

F

G

149

CBL Log

Free Pipe

Partial Bond

Good Bond

150



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983094

CBL Tool

Disadvantage







151













GR

Electronics

Transmitter


5 Ft Receiver

152



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983095

Advantages



Identifies channels




Disadvantages







983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983096

Ultrasonic Tools





155







Ultrasonic Tools

156



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983095983097





Casing Resonates



157

Acoustic Impedance


Z= p x c






158



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983088




White 000-038 Gas






159




160





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168





983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983090


Micro-annulus

Fast formations


163





164



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

983096983091







Micro-annulus

165



bull





Micro-annulus

166



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168



983090983094983087983088983094983087983090983088983089983091

Fast formations





Time

167

168

cementing & cement evaluation.pdf

Documents