cellular response
DESCRIPTION
Cellular Response . Adaptive. Non Adaptive. Degeneration. Disturbances of growth. Neoplasia. Inflammation and repair. Dysplasia. Immune response. Necrosis. I NFLAMMATION. Definition. -it’s a body response against injury , it’s a first line of defense. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Cellular Response
Adaptive
Disturbances of growth
Inflammation and repair
Immune response
Non Adaptive
Degeneration
Neoplasia
Dysplasia
Necrosis
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INFLAMMATION
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Definition
-it’s a body response against injury , it’s
a first line of defense.
-Protective adaptive tissue response to
injury .
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Causes of Inflammation:By injurious agents called irritants. It are different types:
1-Living Irritants: bacteria, virus, parasites.
:2-Non Living Irritantsa-Chemical: Acids, alkalis and poisons .b-Physical: Heat, cold, ionizing radiation.c-Mechanical: Trauma, cut.
3-Antigens: cause allergic inflammation.
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Mechanism:
1 .Vascular response 2.Cellular response
1 .Vascular Response A-Vasodilatations of arterioles in local blood
flow redness and hotness = (hypraemia.)
B-Increase in capillary permeability leakageof fluid local swelling.
C-Release of mediators pain .
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1 -inflammatory reaction “dilated blood vessels”
The widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells in vessel walls
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Mechanism:
2 .Cellular Response:- Margination of WBCs .
- Emigration (Diapedesis) .- Chemotaxis . - Phagocytosis.
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Cellular ResponseMargination: The polymorphnuclear leucocytes leave the blood and adhesion to the margin of the endothelial lining of the capillaries .
Emigration :The polymorphnuclear leucocytes pass between the endothelial cells through the vessels wall by amoeboid movement into
damage tissue .
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Cellular ResponseChemotaxis: Is the directed movement of the polymorph-nuclear leucocytes and macrophages in the area of inflammation.Phagocytosis: Is the ingestion and destruction of the foreign particles by the phagocytic inflammatory cells .
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2 -Margination of WBC’s:
PMN move to the peripheral B.V & adherent to endothelium B.V wall ,this process called "Margination of WBC’s
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3 -Emigration of WBC’s
PMN or WBCs migration from vessels lumen into area of tissue damage, this process called" Emigration of WBC’s"
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Inflammation types:1 -acute.
2 -chronic. 3-sub-acute.
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Inflammation types:1 -Acute inflammation :
Sudden onset and short duration.
-Cellular response Polymorphnuclear leucocytes, pus cells and macrophages.
-Vascular response Numerous, thin walled, dilated blood vessels.
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4 -Acute inflammatory cells:
Mainly we see PMNL & small amount of macrophages.PMNL= WBCs refer to neutrophil ,cytoplasm contain fine violet granules ,several lobes of nucleus,
Pus cells= dead PMN lymphocytes or dead neutrophil.Machrophages=usually seen in acute & chronic inflammationl,Function of machrophages:1-phagocytosis &killing of bacteria. 2-phagocytosis of necrotic debris. 3-formation of giant cells.
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Inflammation types:2 -Chronic Inflammation :
Gradual onset and prolonged duration (connective tissue formation).
-Cellular response Lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and giant cells .
-Vascular response Few, thick walled, narrow blood vessels.
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Inflammation types:3 -Sub-acute Inflammation :
in between the acute and the chronic
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5 -chronic inflammatory cells
Lymphocytes: WBCs, distinguished by dark blue round nuclei & small amount of cytoplasm.Plasma cells :WBCs, it is mature B-cell ,identified by extensive basophilic cytoplasma & small eccentric nuclei( specific seen in chronic inflammation),it is produce large antibodiesFibroblast: is type of cell synthesizes C.T &plays critical role in wound healingForeign body giant cell: is fused macrophages which are generated in response to present large foreign body, nuclei are arranged in disorganized manner.Langhans giant cell: is fusion of macrophages & contain arranged in horse shoe-shaped pattern in cell periphery, found in granulomatous & tuberculosis conditions.
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6 -chronic inflammatory cells
Mainly we have Plasma cell ,lymphocytes.&Fibroblast cells to form
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7 -chronic inflammatory cells:
Mainly plasma cell ,small amount of lymphocytes ,macrophages & fibroblast cells to form C.T
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8 -Giant cell ( langerhan’s) specific:
Atypical langhans giant cell formed by fusion of macrophages in tuberculosis granuloma ,contain nuclei horse shoe-shaped
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9 -Giant cell (foreign body) non-specific:
Giant cell,nuclei arranged in disorganization pattern,fibroblast & few lymphocytes.
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10 -Acluster of giant cells around (foreign body) :
A cluster of giant cells around (foreign body )&number of lymphocytes.