Cellular Reproduction

IPMAT

Mitosis• A process of cell division which results in the

production of two daughter cells. Can be divided into 4 stages:

1) prophase: chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope disappears.

2) metaphase: chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.

3) anaphase: sister chromatids separate, centromeres divide.

4) telophase: chromatin expands, cytoplasm divides.

Meiosis

• When your sex cells are produced (egg & sperm).

• 1 parent cell produces 4 daughter cells.• There are two divisions

– Interphase-before meiosis begins, genetic material is duplicated.

– FIRST DIVISION: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I

– SECOND DIVISION: Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Cancer

• It’s a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites

Benign tumor

• A growth made up of normal cells that have no signs of cancer.

• It’s basically a tumor that doesn't come back and doesn't spread to other parts of the body.

• Benign tumors tend to grow more slowly than malignant tumors and are less likely to cause health problems.

Such a tumor is not harmful unless its growth compresses surrounding tissue, preventing the tissue from functioning normally.

Malignant Tumor

• A growth that has the ability to grow back or spread.

• Malignant tumors are ambitious. Unlike benign tumors that generally stay put, malignant tumors have two goals in life: to survive and to conquer new territory.

So, if you have a malignant tumor in your colon, it's going to try to work its way through your colon. If successful, it will see where else it can go.

Recap:

• Tumors are either benign or malignant. Benign tumors generally do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs, as well as spread to other body parts. When this occurs it is called metastasis.

Metastasis

• The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. The spreading of malignant tumors.

Causes

• Tobacco (personal lifestyle)

• Sunlight (environmental)

• asbestos

• genetic makeup

Treatments

• Chemotherapy: It’s a general term for any treatment involving the use of chemical agents to stop cancer cells from growing. Chemotherapy can eliminate cancer cells at sites great distances from the original cancer. As a result, chemotherapy is considered a systemic treatment.

Side effects

• Feeling sick• Tiredness• Diarrhea • Reduced resistance to infection• Sore mouth • Hair loss• Soreness of hands and feet• Numbness or tingling

• Surgery

• Radiation Therapy is the use of controlled high-energy external or internal radiation used to destroy cancer cells so they can no longer continue to divide or multiply.

Side effects

• Hair loss

• Fatigue

• Low blood count

• Skin effects

• Mucus membranes

• Scaring

• Nausea

• Nutrition Therapy: nutrition plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. Each patient receives a nutrition assessment and an individualized plan designed to prevent malnutrition, reduce side effects and enhance his or her overall well being.

• A registered dietitian consults with you to develop an individualized meal plan. Selections include fish, poultry, legumes, low-fat yogurt, fruits and vegetables, whole grains and cereals, and other healthy food choices.