Cells, Tissues, and Organ Cells, Tissues, and Organ SystemsSystems

A guide to Chapter 3, Cells:A guide to Chapter 3, Cells:

CellsCells: The basic : The basic units of structure units of structure and and function of living things.function of living things.

Organelles:Organelles: “Tiny Organs”, The “Tiny Organs”, The structures that make up the cell.structures that make up the cell.

Cells

The Cell TheoryThe Cell Theory

All living things are made of cells.All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure Cells are the basic units of structure

and function in living things.and function in living things. Living cells come only from other living Living cells come only from other living

cells.cells.

Famous BiologistsFamous Biologists Robert Hooke: An English Scientist who Robert Hooke: An English Scientist who

was the first person to view the cell. was the first person to view the cell. Saw dead plant cell walls in the cork. Saw dead plant cell walls in the cork. Coined the phrase “cell”.Coined the phrase “cell”.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek: A Dutch Anton Van Leeuwenhoek: A Dutch merchant who invented the microscope. merchant who invented the microscope. First to view living cells.First to view living cells.

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Matthias Schleiden:A German Botanist. Matthias Schleiden:A German Botanist. Discovered that all plants are made of plant Discovered that all plants are made of plant cells.cells.

Theodor Schwann: A German zoologist who Theodor Schwann: A German zoologist who discovered that all animals were made up of discovered that all animals were made up of animal cells.animal cells.

Rudolph Virchow: A German physician who Rudolph Virchow: A German physician who discovered that all living cells come from discovered that all living cells come from other living cells. other living cells.

Structure and Function of Structure and Function of CellsCells

Cell Wall: Support and protection, made Cell Wall: Support and protection, made of cellulose a non-living material. Only of cellulose a non-living material. Only in plant cells. in plant cells.

Cell Membrane: Doorway of the cell, Cell Membrane: Doorway of the cell, has pores. Controls movement of has pores. Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell. materials in and out of the cell.

NucleusNucleus

Control Center of the Cell; The “brain”.Control Center of the Cell; The “brain”. Has a Nuclear Membrane surrounding it.Has a Nuclear Membrane surrounding it. Contains Chromosomes: They direct all Contains Chromosomes: They direct all

of the cell’s activities and pass on traits of the cell’s activities and pass on traits to new cells. to new cells.

Chromosomes have two nucleic acids: Chromosomes have two nucleic acids: RNA and DNARNA and DNA

Nucleolus: “Little Nucleus”; produces Nucleolus: “Little Nucleus”; produces ribosomes. ribosomes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum:Endoplasmic Reticulum:

Clear tubular passageways.Clear tubular passageways. Transportation system that sends Transportation system that sends

proteins from the nuclear membrane to proteins from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane and out of the cell..the cell membrane and out of the cell..

RibosomesRibosomes

Protein FactoriesProtein Factories Small grain-like Small grain-like

bodies,bodies, Produced in the Produced in the

nucleolus.nucleolus. Made of RNAMade of RNA Most are attached to Most are attached to

the ER.the ER.

MitochondriaMitochondria

Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cell.cell.

Supplies most of the Supplies most of the energy to the cell. energy to the cell.

Have their own Have their own DNA. DNA.

VacuolesVacuoles

Storage Tank of the Storage Tank of the cell.cell.

Large, round, water Large, round, water filled sac.filled sac.

Larger in the plant Larger in the plant cell. cell.

Stores; food, water Stores; food, water and wastes.and wastes.

LysosomesLysosomes

Cleanup crew for the cell.Cleanup crew for the cell. Rare in plant cells.Rare in plant cells. Small, round structures.Small, round structures. Contain digestive enzymes.Contain digestive enzymes. Breaks down food and sendsBreaks down food and sends

it to the mitochondria it to the mitochondria

to be used for energy.to be used for energy.

ChloroplastsChloroplasts

Food producers for the cell.Food producers for the cell. Large, irregularly shaped green Large, irregularly shaped green

structures.structures. Contain Chlorophyll, a green pigment Contain Chlorophyll, a green pigment

that captures energy from the sun to that captures energy from the sun to produce food.produce food.

Only found in plant Only found in plant cells.cells.

Cell ProcessesCell Processes

MetabolismMetabolism: All building up and : All building up and breaking down activities of the cell.breaking down activities of the cell.

RespirationRespiration: When food is broken down : When food is broken down to produce energy (mitochondria).to produce energy (mitochondria).– Aerobic respirationAerobic respiration: Needs oxygen.: Needs oxygen.– Anaerobic respirationAnaerobic respiration: Without oxygen : Without oxygen

(Fermentation).(Fermentation).

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DiffusionDiffusion: The process of molecules : The process of molecules moving from an area of high moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration to an area of low concentration.concentration.

OsmosisOsmosis: The diffusion of water. : The diffusion of water. Active TransportActive Transport: Uses energy to : Uses energy to

transport material needed by the cell.transport material needed by the cell.

Cell Specialization:Cell Specialization:

The arrangement of specialized parts The arrangement of specialized parts within a living organism.within a living organism.

CellsCells TissuesTissues: Made up of similar cells.: Made up of similar cells. OrgansOrgans: A group of different tissues. : A group of different tissues.

(heart, lung, muscles, brain, etc.)(heart, lung, muscles, brain, etc.) Organ SystemsOrgan Systems: A group of organs that : A group of organs that

work together. (Nervous system)work together. (Nervous system) OrganismOrganism: The entire living thing. : The entire living thing.

The EndThe End

Created by Mrs. BrennerCreated by Mrs. Brenner

Exploring Life ScienceExploring Life Science

Prentice HallPrentice Hall