CELLS

CELLS

Cells are living units that move, grow,

react, protect themselves, and

reproduce.

In a single drop of blood, more than one million cells

exist.

Human Cells

• blood cells

• muscle cells

• nerve cells

• bone cells

• skin cells

Parts of the Cell

NUCLEUS

Cells have a round core called the

nucleus. The nucleus is the “brain” of the

cell.

It tells the cell how to reproduce and what

function each part of the cell is responsible for

performing.

nuclear membrane

thin coating that covers the nucleus . It is covered with small holes called nuclear

pores.

These pores allow material to be passed

back and forth between the nucleus and the rest

of the cell.

NUCLEAR PORES

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

cytoplasm

gel-like substance that floats between nuclear membrane and the thin outer shell of the cell

called the cell membrane.

Cytoplasm supports the shape of the cell and keeps floating

pieces in place.

It also has chemicals and protein particles in it that help keep

the cell alive.

cytoplasm

cell membrane helps keep shape of the cell and controls entry of oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the

cell.

Inside the cell there are nine

primary types of structures.

mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell that stores energy like a battery until it is needed

by the cell

Its function is to break food particles down into

energy and then store this energy the cell will need to

reproduce and survive.  

mitochondria

Golgi bodies

stacks of flat sacks

Golgi bodies store protein and

transport it and chemicals to other parts of the cell.

GOLGI BODIES

nucleolus

small sphere inside the nucleus that

manufactures ribosomes

NUCLEUS

NUCLEOLUS

ribosomes

small,round shapes that make

protein

RIBOSOMES

endoplasmic reticulum

hollow sheets of thin material where ribosomes are

attached

vacuoles

round bubble-like structures that contain water and dissolved

minerals

VACUOLE

Vacuoles are fairly small in animal cells.

Plant cells contain huge vacuoles.

lysosome•digestion center of the cell

•digests particles that may be harmful to the cell

LYSOSOME

microtubules

hollow cylinders that help shape and support cell

MICROTUBULES

centrioles

help with cell reproduction

CENTRIOLE

Animal Plant

• no chloroplast

• small temporary vacuoles

• flexible cell membrane

• chloroplast• large

permanent vacuoles

• rigid cell wall

REVIEW

nucleolus

nucleus

endoplasmicreticulum

Golgi body

mitochondria

vacuole

centrioles

cytoplasm

cell membrane

CellCellReproductionReproduction

All cells are a result of the

division of a cell that already exists.

To reproduce, a cell must duplicate the

exact chromosomes that are in the

nucleus.

These chromosomes are in pairs. They contain

all the genetic information needed to control the function of

the cell.

The genetic information in the chromosomes is

called DNA.

During reproduction, a cell divides into two new cells that have the

same DNA and chromosomes.

The end result is two cells that have exactly the same

DNA and chromosomes.

They are EXACT copies of each

other.