cell structures, functions and transport. cell organelles organelle= “little organ” found only...
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Cell Structures, Functions and
Transport
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Cell OrganellesOrganelle= “little organ”Found only inside eukaryotic cellsAll the stuff in between the organelles is cytoplasmEverything in a cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm
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Cell MembraneBoundary of the cell
Made of a phospholipid bilayer
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NucleusControl center of the cell
Contains DNA
Surrounded by a double membrane
Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope
Usually one per cell
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1. Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts:
1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes
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CytoskeletonActs as skeleton and muscle
Provides shape and structure
Helps move organelles around the cell
Made of two types of filaments
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
A.k.a. “ER”Connected to nuclear membraneHighway of the cellRough ER: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteinsSmooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes lipids uses enzymes
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RibosomeSite of protein synthesis
Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytoplasm
Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus
That looks familiar…what is a polypeptide?
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Golgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of plates
Stores, modifies and packages proteins
Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles
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LysosomesGarbage disposal of the cell
Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes
Which organelles do lysosomes work with?
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Mitochondria“Powerhouse of the cell”Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to useBound by a double membraneHas its own strand of DNA
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CentrioleAids in cell division
Usually found only in animal cells
Made of microtubules
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Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!
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ChloroplastFound only in plant cells
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Site of food (glucose) production (Photosynthesis)
Bound by a double membrane
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Cell WallFound in plant and bacterial cells
Rigid, protective barrier
Located outside of the cell membrane
Made of cellulose (fiber)
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VacuolesLarge central vacuole usually in plant cells
Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells
Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.
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Quick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell?
Which organelle holds the cell together?
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
What does E.R. stand for?
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Comparing Plant and Animal CellsPlant Animal