cell replication. binary fission is how prokaryotic cells (bacteria) copy themselves. the dna copies...
DESCRIPTION
In Eukaryotic cells, it’s more complicated… One section of DNA is called a gene. –All cells within one organism have the same genes. –What makes one cell different from another cell is that different genes are turned on or off in different cells.TRANSCRIPT
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Cell Replication
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Binary Fission is how prokaryotic cells (bacteria) copy themselves.
The DNA copies and separates, and the cell wall splits the cell in half.
Prokaryotes
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In Eukaryotic cells,it’s more complicated…
• One section of DNA is called a gene.
– All cells within one organism have the same genes.– What makes one cell different from another cell is that
different genes are turned on or off in different cells.
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Mitosis• Cells divide to make
more cells.• The new cells made
during mitosis are called daughter cells.
• DNA in a cell is bundled into chromosomes.
• Humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. Every cell has the same 46 chromosomes.
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Chromosomes• Chromosomes are bundles of DNA packaged around proteins.
• Each chromosome has a centromere in the center.
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More Chromosomes
• Each half of the chromosome is called a chromatid.
• In mitosis, the two chromatids of each chromosome separate, with each chromatid going into a daughter cell.
Check for Understanding
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Label the Parts of the Chromosome
• Use your notes from the last two slides to label this picture:
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Prophase
• In prophase, the DNA condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane starts to disappear.
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Metaphase
• In Metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
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Anaphase
• In anaphase, the chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
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Telophase
• In telophase the spindle dissolves and the nuclear membranes reforms.
• The cytoplasm and other cell organelles are divided up.
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Cytokinesis
• In Cytokinesis, the cell membrane pinches apart to form two separate cells.
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Machinery of Mitosis• The centrioles in the
cell attach spindle fibers to the centrosomes on the chromosomes.
• The spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart, putting one chromatid on each side of the cell.
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Check for Understanding• Prophase:
• Chromosomes condense• Nuclear envelope disappears• centrosomes move to opposite sides of the cell• Spindle forms and attaches to centromeres on the chromosomes
• Metaphase• Chromosomes lined up on equator of spindle• centrosomes at opposite ends of cell
• Anaphase• Centromeres divide: the 2 chromatids of each chromosome are
split apart• These chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by the spindle
• Telophase• Chromosomes de-condense• Nuclear envelope reappears• Cytokinesis: the cytoplasm is divided into 2 cells