Cell EnergyCell EnergyMolecular Biology

Sumner High School2014-2015

Molecular BiologySumner High School

2014-2015

Big QuestionBig Question

What is the relationship between life, matter and energy?

What is the relationship between life, matter and energy?

Our two first definitionsOur two first definitions

Food: Molecules that contain energy that is useable to an organism.

Where is the energy stored?

Within strong covalent bonds.

Energy: The capacity to do work.

Examples: Energy stored in gasoline to make a car, food to power exercise...

Food: Molecules that contain energy that is useable to an organism.

Where is the energy stored?

Within strong covalent bonds.

Energy: The capacity to do work.

Examples: Energy stored in gasoline to make a car, food to power exercise...

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Two categories of energyTwo categories of energy

Potential & Kinetic

Potential Energy: stored energy and the energy of position

Chemical, Nuclear, Gravitational, Stored mechanical

Potential & Kinetic

Potential Energy: stored energy and the energy of position

Chemical, Nuclear, Gravitational, Stored mechanical

The other form...The other form...

Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion

Movement

Electrical

Radiant (electromagnetic waves)

Thermal (do you know about the vibrations?)

Sound

Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion

Movement

Electrical

Radiant (electromagnetic waves)

Thermal (do you know about the vibrations?)

Sound

Quick CheckQuick Check

Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

A)The sound of a teacher’s voice

B)Warmth from a heater

C)Sugar

D)Radio signal from Woodbury’s clicker

Answer: C

Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

A)The sound of a teacher’s voice

B)Warmth from a heater

C)Sugar

D)Radio signal from Woodbury’s clicker

Answer: C

What are the different forms of energy?What are the different forms of energy?

•Individual work first

•Into your notes: List all the forms of potential & kinetic energy in the image.

My list...My list...

Sun: heat & light energy

Diver:

Potential to kinetic energy

Stored chemical energy

Person on board:

Potential energy (position & chemical)

Ocean:

Kinetic energy

Sun: heat & light energy

Diver:

Potential to kinetic energy

Stored chemical energy

Person on board:

Potential energy (position & chemical)

Ocean:

Kinetic energy

Next QuestionNext Question

Do these forms of energy always stay in the same form?

No, they can be transformed from one type to another.

Energy transformation = changing one form of energy into other forms as a result of some event or process.

Do these forms of energy always stay in the same form?

No, they can be transformed from one type to another.

Energy transformation = changing one form of energy into other forms as a result of some event or process.

Energy TransformationsEnergy Transformations

We don’t really “use” energy, we just alter the form or type.

Especially in living systems

We don’t really “use” energy, we just alter the form or type.

Especially in living systems

A mental inquiry...A mental inquiry...

Identify examples of energy being changed from one form to another.

Into your notes:

Name at least 5 energy transformations

List the before & after forms of energy

Examples from the class?

Identify examples of energy being changed from one form to another.

Into your notes:

Name at least 5 energy transformations

List the before & after forms of energy

Examples from the class?

A mental inquiry...A mental inquiry...

What are the energy transformations done by a cell phone?

List the transformation and the start and end energy types.

Foundation level: transformations done by the cell phone itself (general types of energy: potential & kinetic)

Challenge level: include transformations that happen several steps before/after the cell phone (detailed types of energy)

What are the energy transformations done by a cell phone?

List the transformation and the start and end energy types.

Foundation level: transformations done by the cell phone itself (general types of energy: potential & kinetic)

Challenge level: include transformations that happen several steps before/after the cell phone (detailed types of energy)

The Cell Phone inquiryThe Cell Phone inquiry

Foundation Level:

Electricity stored in battery (kinetic to potential)

Battery powers screen/light (potential to kinetic)

Battery powers headphones (potential to kinetic)

Battery powers radio waves (potential to kinetic)

Any ideas for Challenge Level?

Foundation Level:

Electricity stored in battery (kinetic to potential)

Battery powers screen/light (potential to kinetic)

Battery powers headphones (potential to kinetic)

Battery powers radio waves (potential to kinetic)

Any ideas for Challenge Level?

ThermodynamicsThermodynamics

These are the laws of energy

First Law: “...energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.”

The first law is also known as the principle of conservation of energy.

Example: Plants do not produce energy; they transform light energy to chemical energy.

Key idea: there is a fixed amount of energy in the universe.

These are the laws of energy

First Law: “...energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.”

The first law is also known as the principle of conservation of energy.

Example: Plants do not produce energy; they transform light energy to chemical energy.

Key idea: there is a fixed amount of energy in the universe.

ThermodynamicsThermodynamics

Second Law: every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (randomness or “chaos”) of the universe.

An unstoppable trend toward randomization of the universe. EEEEEEEEEKKK!

Things are going from being organized to random.

Key idea: No transformation is 100% efficient.

Energy flows towards making more heat, which is the energy of random molecular motion.

Second Law: every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (randomness or “chaos”) of the universe.

An unstoppable trend toward randomization of the universe. EEEEEEEEEKKK!

Things are going from being organized to random.

Key idea: No transformation is 100% efficient.

Energy flows towards making more heat, which is the energy of random molecular motion.

Harnessing EnergyHarnessing Energy

20%20%Musc

leC

ontr

act

ion

Musc

leC

ontr

act

ion

60%60%

Heat

Heat

40%40%

Use

able

by c

ell

Use

able

by c

ell

100%100%

Tota

l E in

Glu

cose

Tota

l E in

Glu

cose

Summarize...Summarize...

Plan to take 2-3 minutes to silently summarize all of the information so far into one big idea (20 word max?)

I will quasi-randomly call on you to share so we can hear from a variety of people.

Plan to take 2-3 minutes to silently summarize all of the information so far into one big idea (20 word max?)

I will quasi-randomly call on you to share so we can hear from a variety of people.

Mine...Mine...

Living systems transform energy between various forms by controlling the rearrangement of molecules.

Living systems transform energy between various forms by controlling the rearrangement of molecules.

Vocab to knowVocab to know

Food

Energy

Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy

Energy Transformation

1st Law of Thermodynamics

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Food

Energy

Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy

Energy Transformation

1st Law of Thermodynamics

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

What are the big ideas?What are the big ideas?

Yours? List at least 3 major concepts we keep returning to in our learning so far.

Some examples:

Energy for living things is found in food (= stored chemical potential energy).

Photosynthesis (inputs/outputs?) is how the energy for “all” food is captured.

Respiration (inputs/outputs?) releases energy in food to a form useable by cells (ATP).

Yours? List at least 3 major concepts we keep returning to in our learning so far.

Some examples:

Energy for living things is found in food (= stored chemical potential energy).

Photosynthesis (inputs/outputs?) is how the energy for “all” food is captured.

Respiration (inputs/outputs?) releases energy in food to a form useable by cells (ATP).

An application:Science Explorer DVD

Respiration & Excretion

An application:Science Explorer DVD

Respiration & Excretion