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Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage Castle Carr: An Archaeological Woodland Survey

Report No: PP9/020617 0

Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage Yorkshire Water Property: Castle Carr An Archaeological Woodland Survey

Pennine Prospects

Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage Project

Report No: PP9/020617

This report was commissioned by Yorkshire Water



Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage

Castle Carr:

An Archaeological Woodland Survey

Pennine Prospects


Report No: PP9/020617

Compiled by Christopher Atkinson BA (Hons), MA

Woodland Heritage Officer


July 2017

Pennine Prospects

Hebden Bridge Canal & Visitor Centre

Hebden Bridge

West Yorkshire

HX7 8AF



Contents

Summary 3

1.0 Introduction 4

2.0 Location and Geology 5

3.0 Historical and Archaeological Background 8

4.0 Aims and Purpose of Assessment 13

5.0 Methodology 14

6.0 Results 17

7.0 Discussion 20

8.0 Management Recommendations 21

9.0 Acknowledgments 25

10.0 Bibliography 26

11.0 List of illustrations and figures 28

Appendix 1: Survey Database

Appendix 2: Distribution Map

Appendix 3: Historic Mapping

Appendix 4: Digital Archive

Appendix 5: About the Author and Pennine Prospects



Summary

This report discusses the results of an archaeological woodland survey undertaken

on behalf of Yorkshire Water at their property of Castle Carr Reservoir, Calderdale,

West Yorkshire. Over an area of 1.5 hectares, three previously unrecorded features

of archaeological and historical interest were identified and catalogued for the

purpose of both updating the historical record of the region; and to highlight any

recommendations for the future management of the property. In addition three

additional sites were identified in order to raise attention to potential management

action on the Grade II Listed Castle Carr Water Garden reservoir.

The majority of the features recorded during February 2017 related to the post-

medieval designed landscape of the Castle Carr Water Garden, constructed by by

the Halifax Corporation Water Works in the 19th century. Taken as one unit, all of

the features identified along with the Pump House and Water Garden are of

Regional Significance.



1.0 Introduction

This report has been compiled as part of the Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage

project. This three year project (2016-2019) is jointly funded by Yorkshire Water,

Heritage Lottery Fund, Green Bank Trust and Newground Together and aims to

identify record and interpret the historic environment of woodlands across the South

Pennines (National Character Area 36 – Natural England, 2014).

Led by Pennine Prospects, the project recognises as a result of a desk-based study

‘Hidden Heritage of the South Pennine Woodlands’ (Brown, 2013), that … “number

of sites recorded on the HER (Historic Environment Record) does not represent the

true nature of the surviving archaeological resource”. The report highlighted that this

underrepresentation (and general lack of knowledge) was the primary threat to

woodland archaeology.

The Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage project therefore seeks to enhance the

historic record for woodland across the South Pennines by means of a structured

programme of archaeological walkover surveys. Where appropriate these surveys

will provide the opportunity for members of the public, heritage and youth groups to

engage and contribute towards the investigations.

Archaeological features to be recorded within areas of woodland can represent the

whole of human history and use of the landscape. Features relating to the woodland

itself can include historic or veteran trees; woodland boundaries; charcoal burning

platforms; storage platforms; cottage sites; trackways and mills. Features may also

predate the current woodland and represent prehistoric-medieval field boundaries;

settlement sites or stones such as Bronze-Age cup and ring carvings.

The information collated during the field surveys will be deposited in the form of an

archaeological report (CIfA, 2014) and digital record to the landowner and the

regional Historic Environment Record. This data will not only guide future research

into the region, but also support and promote the preservation of the historic

environment as a part of any future management programmes within woodlands.



2.0 Location and Geology

Figure 1: Location of Castle Carr Reservoir in relation to the wider region. Contains OS data © Crown

copyright and database right (2017)

The Yorkshire Water Property of Castle Carr Reservoir is located at NGR 402370

430012 at the foot of the steep sided Luddenden Dean which extends south towards

the village of Wainstalls, Calderdale, West Yorkshire. The survey comprised the

immediate grounds around the two reservoirs of Castle Carr Reservoir and Castle

Carr Water Feature. The boundary separating Calder Ward and Luddendenfoot

Ward intersects the site on a roughly north-south axis an follows the original course

of the Luddenden Brook.

The survey area (not including the reservoirs) covered 1.5 hectares, and constituted

the footpaths, permissive access lane and grassland/lawn immediately around the

reservoirs. The mixed deciduous woodland surrounding the Castle Carr Reservoir is

listed on the Woodland Priority Habitat Inventory for England 2014 (Magic, 2017)

and lies outside of the Yorkshire Water property. It was therefore not surveyed as

part of this investigation.



The broader landscape is listed on the DEFRA Less Favoured Areas (England)

register as Severely Disadvantaged, due to the negative effect of natural

characteristics such as geology, altitude and climate on farming competition (MAGIC

2016).

The Moorland of Midgley Moor to the west and north and Warley Moor to the east

form part of the South Pennine Moor Sites of Special Scientific Interest (ref:

1006648); Special Areas of Conservation (ref: UK0030280) and Special Protection

Areas (ref: UK9007022, Natural England, MAGIC 2017). The survey discussed

within this report lies outside of these areas.

The Reservoir and surrounding area is recognised as under the Higher Level

Stewardship Scheme (ref: AG00327305, Natural England, MAGIC 2017).

Figure 2: Location and extent of the of the Castle Carr Reservoir survey (centre), Calderdale, West

Yorkshire. Listed Buildings are also displayed. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database

right (2017). © Historic England [2017]. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and

database right [2017]. The Historic England GIS Data contained in this material was obtained on 16th

August [2016]. The most publicly available up to date Historic England GIS Data can be obtained from

HistoricEngland.org.uk.



The survey area is small, being limited largely to the reservoir boundaries

themselves. The Reservoir themselves are fed from the north by Ruddenden Brook,

which in turn is directly fed be the watershed of Midgley Moor and Warley Moor.

At its highest point (northern end of Castle Carr Reservoir) the property stands

around 270m above sea level. At its lowest point (the southern end of Castle Carr

Water Feature) the site topography falls to approximately 255m above sea level.

The site was accessed via a permissive route (footpath) that extends south from

Dean Head Reservoir to connect with the northern end of Castle Carr Reservoir.

The solid bedrock consists of seams of Millstone Grit Group and Lower Kinderscout

Grit. The Millstone Grit Group comprises mudstone, siltstone and sandstone formed

approximately 313 to 326 million years ago in the Carboniferous Period. A period in

which the environment was previously dominated by swamps, estuaries and deltas.

The Lower Kinderscout Grit comprises of sandstone formed approximately 315 to

316 million years ago in the Carboniferous Period at a time when the local

environment was dominated by rivers (BGS; 2017).

Soil across the site is described as very acid loamy upland soils with a wet peaty

surface (Cranfield University; 2017).



3.0 Historical and Archaeological Background

3.1 Historical Background

There is no mention of Castle Carr or the neighbouring village of Wainstalls at the

time of the 1086 Domesday Survey, although we can be certain the site was located

within the Hundred of Morley, in the Manor of Wakefield. The closest settlement at

the time of the Domesday Survey was that of Midgley located approximately 3.5km

to the south (Morris; 1986).

Place-name evidence indicates the name Castle Carr derives from the Old English

‘Castel Kjarr’ to mean ‘residence marsh’ (Smith; 1961).

Figure 3: Excerpt of the County of York Surveyed in (1772) MDCCLXVII, VIII, IX, and MDCCLXX

Engraved by Thomas Jefferys (Sheet V). The site of Castle Carr lies within the valley extending north

from Luddingden (Luddenden). Copyright © The British Library Board

The County of York Survey by Thomas Jefferys (figure 3), published in 1772 is one

of the first accurate maps depicting the landscape and pattern of settlement around

the site of Castle Carr (although the site itself is omitted). Only the course of the

Luddenden Brook is recorded along with the settlement of Luddenden (Luddington)

and Midgley to the south.



It is not until the publication of the 1847 Six-Inch Ordnance Survey (figure 4) that the

pre-reservoir landscape is depicted in detail. The site of Castle Carr house is

recorded upslope to the west of the survey area. At this date the site comprised two

parallel rectangular buildings orientated east west and accessed from the west via

Castle Lane (which also provided access to the farm of Dean Head further to the

north. No structures except for a footpath linking Castle Carr house with Luddenden

Brook (at the location of the later Castle Carr Water Gardens) and reference to

stepping stones are apparent across the survey area. The current woodland around

the site also appears absent (although this may be due in part to cartographic styles

rather than an actual absence of woodland); instead the landscape appears sub-

divided between medium to large rectilinear fields enclosed by Castle Lane to the

west and what was to become the Castle Carr Road to the east. The fields were no

doubt used for rough grazing and some subsidiary arable. The farms of Deep

Clough, Durham, Fulshaw and Folds are also depicted on the 1847 map.

Figure 4: Pattern of enclosure at Castle Carr prior to the construction of the reservoirs as reproduced

from the 1847 Six-Inch Ordnance Survey. Copyright Pennine Prospects



By the time of the 1894 1:2500 First County Series Survey (figure 5) publication the

reservoirs of Castle Carr and Castle Carr Water Gardens had been established

along Luddenden Brook. The construction of the reservoirs, in particular the ornately

arranged water garden was under taken as a form of compensation to the then

landowner Captain Joseph Priestley Edwards by The Halifax Waterworks

Corporation. While the reservoirs were under construction between 1864 and 1870;

the house of Castle Carr had also undergone enhancement. The water gardens

were constructed as part of the house’s designed landscape (Bull, 2017). The

reservoirs are clearly depicted as enclosed in woodland, forming part of ‘The Park’;

the rearranged landscape around Castle Carr house. The redevelopment of Castle

Carr house included the addition of an east and west wing to the earlier structures

(this included the construction of the Grade II listed gatehouse; see Table 1). This

had the effect of creating a single house with a central courtyard.

Figure 5: Pattern of enclosure at Castle Carr reproduced from the 1894 First County Series Survey.

Copyright Pennine Prospects



By this date all of the individual fields immediately around the survey area had been

enclosed to create open expanses of pasture supporting a number of small

woodland plantations. In addition Castle Lane had been re-routed around Castle

Carr house to merge with Castle Carr Road over the dam of Lower Dean Head

Reservoir (The farm of Dean Head had been replaced by the reservoir.

Between the productions of the 1908 1:2500 1st Revision First County Series Survey

and 1934 1:2500 3rd Revision First County Series Survey remains unaltered. By

1969 and the production of the 1:2500 First Edition National Grid (figure 6) Castle

Carr house had declined considerably with only one structure apparent within the

southeast corner of the earlier courtyard building and the gatehouse surviving. To

the south of the Castle Carr Water Gardens a small rectangular structure is recorded

within the survey area, north of the first of two weirs.

Figure 6: Pattern of enclosure at Castle Carr reproduced from the 1969 First Edition National Grid.




3.2 Archaeological Background

Only two Grade II listed buildings were recorded at the site prior to this survey.

Listed buildings are structures protected under the Planning (Listed Buildings and

Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The two listed buildings at Castle Carr represent

Castle Carr Water Garden and Pump House. Approximately 250m upslope and to

the west of the survey area is the Grade II listed ‘Gatehouse to Castle Carr’, a

structure that supported the site of the manor of Castle Carr.

No additional features of archaeological or historical interest were recorded in or

around the survey area.

Table 1: List detailing the known archaeological records both within the property and within the 300

metres buffer zone.

SAM: LB No: NT HBSMR: HER: Name: Type:

1265250 Castle Carr Water

Garden and

Pumphouse

Reservoir

1272650 Castle Carr Water

Garden and

Pumphouse

Reservoir

1227430 Gatehouse to

Castle Carr

Gatehouse



4.0 Aims and Purpose of Assessment

This investigation forms a baseline record of the archaeological and historic features

contained within the property. The general aims of the archaeological woodland

survey described in this report were to:

1. Develop a history of land use for the property from readily available historic

and archaeological documentation.

2. Identify previously unrecorded archaeological features and sites across the

property.

3. Revisit and assess the condition of previously recorded archaeological

features and sites across the property.

4. Propose management recommendations for the features and sites

investigated.

5. Produce a database (Appendix 1) for use by Yorkshire Water and West

Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service Historic Environment Record.



5.0 Methodology

5.1 Geology

Property information including any digital property mapping data was obtained from

Yorkshire Water. Data concerning the statutory and non-statutory conditions of land

and habitats both on and within the vicinity of the property was obtained from Natural

England and made available for commercial use under the Open Government

Licence. In addition the Natural England maintained MAGIC website was consulted.

The webpage provides authoritative geographic information about the natural

environment from across government. The information covers rural, urban, coastal

and marine environments across Great Britain.

Site geological and soil data was obtained online from the British Geological Survey

OpenGeoscience webpage. The data was downloaded and displayed using QGIS

2.18.2 'Las Palmas', an Open Source Geographic Information System (GIS). Site

maps were produced at a scale to best illustrate the full extent of the woodland under

investigation.

5.2 Historical and Archaeological Background

Previously collated historical and archaeological data concerning the site under

investigation (which includes a 200m buffer around the area) was obtained from

West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service (WYAAS) as well as a search of the

Heritage Gateway. Listed building; parks and gardens and scheduled monument

data was obtained from the National Heritage List for England and downloaded as

shapefiles from Historic England.

5.3 Map Regression

Historic map regression of woodlands will be undertaken as a means of identifying a

broad account of landscape change and use. Where possible the available map

coverage (which included 1st – 3rd Edition County Series Survey, 1st – 4th Edition

National Grid and land utilisation mapping) were georeferenced using QGIS 2.18.2

'Las Palmas' and shapefiles produced to provide site specific data to map the historic

development of woodlands and the immediate surroundings. The Shapefiles are

included within the digital appendix.

https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

http://www.natureonthemap.naturalengland.org.uk/home.htm

http://www.bgs.ac.uk/opengeoscience/home.html?src=topNav

http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/gateway/

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/data-downloads/



5.4 Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)

OpenData Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was consulted to support the

historic map regression and walkover survey elements. Unfortunately there was no

data available to support this survey.

5.5 Field Survey

The field survey was undertaken on 10th February 2017. The investigation was

systematically, with each woodland parcel walked in transects. Linear features

encountered such as dry-stone walls were recorded in their entirety before returning

to complete a transect.

Each feature (such as earthwork banks, platforms and trackways), including any

trees or ground vegetation of particular interest, were recorded in a field notebook

and transcribed into an EXCEL spreadsheet (see Appendix 1). The information

recorded included:

• Grid Reference (using a handheld Garmin GPSmap 64s)

• Site Name

• Site Type (i.e. cottage site; quarry; charcoal burning platform; trackway)

• Description (i.e. dimensions; interpretation)

• Period (i.e. prehistoric; roman; medieval; post-medieval; modern; unknown)

• Condition/Threat (i.e. erosion caused by livestock)

• Recommendations (management suggestions)

• Reference (i.e. photographic reference; historic map reference)

• Importance (i.e. Local – Regional – National)

5.6 Field Conditions

The survey was undertaken during cold, light snow conditions. Due to peaty nature

of the topsoil, ground conditions were damp, and in some locations waterlogged.

Access and visibility across the survey area was unhindered, although the footpath



around the eastern half of the reservoir was waterlogged due to poor/blocked

drainage.



6.0 Results

During the survey 3 features of archaeological interest (other than the listed Castle

Carr Pump House and Water Garden) were recorded across the property. The

following serves to summarise the findings by period. A detailed dataset for each of

the 3 recorded features can be found in Appendix 1; an enlarged copy of the map is

available within Appendix 2. In addition to the 3 features of interest an additional

three sites were recorded (Site 1, 3 and 6) which relate to damage/risk to the

integrity of the Water Garden reservoir.

Figure 7: Distribution of features of archaeological interest identified during the survey.


6.1 Prehistoric

No evidence for Prehistoric activity was identified.

6.2 Romano-British

No evidence for Romano-British activity was identified.



6.3 Medieval

No evidence for Medieval activity was identified.

6.4 Post-medieval

6.4.1 Land Divisions and Routes of Communication

Parallel to the northern edge of Castle Carr Reservoir, the sinuous remains of the

property boundary recorded on the 1894 First County Series Survey survive in the

form of a largely collapsed wrought iron grille/fence (Site No. 4), and an irregular

drystone wall (Site No. 2) supporting copping stones set on edge. The boundary is

largely masked by rhododendron and mixed deciduous and conifer, established at

the time of the reservoir’s construction in the late 19th century.

Plate 1: Terminal of iron grill/fence (Site No. 4) and irregular drystone wall (Site No. 2) to the

northwest of the Castle Carr Water Gardens. The dense rhododendron is evident and a potential

threat to the integrity of the drystone wall at this location. Copyright Pennine prospects



6.5 Modern

6.5.1 Reservoir Infrastructure

Castle Carr Reservoir, the Pump House and Castle Carr Water Feature represent

the principle infrastructure at the site and in the case of the Pump House and Water

Gardens (Feature) are recognised a Grade II Listed Buildings. All of the structures

are maintained to a high standard and are in good working order. The sites are

accessed via a permissible drive from the northwest.

Located within the south of the survey area is a small, rectangular brick built

structure (Site No. 5) supporting a flat roof. The base of the structure (which

supports the compensation ultrasonic head and monitoring point) is susceptible to

sapling tree vegetation and fern encroachment. The roof too appears to be in a state

of decline. The feature is first recorded on the 1:2500 1969 First National Grid

survey.

Plate 2: Brick structure (Site No. 5) viewed from the south with the Castle Carr Water Gardens visible

in the mid-distance. Copyright Pennine Prospects



7.0 Discussion

The surveyed Yorkshire Water property of Castle Carr was limited in its scope,

centring on the immediate grounds around the reservoir itself. All of the features

therefore relate to the establishment of the reservoir by the Halifax Water

Corporation in the 1870’s, with the exception of a rectangular brick structure which

had been constructed in the mid-20th century within the south of the area.

The principle feature of interest (other than the reservoir complex) was the property

boundary (Site No. 2 & 4) established as part of the Castle Carr Reservoir and Water

Gardens development. The boundary is largely overgrown with rhododendron and in

the case of the wrought iron grille/fence has either collapse or been removed. The

entirety of the property represents a unique designed landscape within West

Yorkshire incorporating functional water management features with leisure. It is

considered important to maintain its function and aesthetic condition as well as to

continue to provide permissive access to the public during controlled annual public

events.



8.0 Management Recommendations

As a part of this survey, identified features were assessed in regards to condition;

this information has been used to formulate management recommendations. In

addition, areas upon the Castle Carr Water Feature (Garden) requiring management

consideration have also been noted and are included within Appendix 1. The

recommendations cover only those features identified within woodland areas. The

operational management of the reservoir and its subsidiary features such as access

routes were beyond the scope of this investigation.

8.1 General Guidelines

Forestry operations can be detrimental to both upstanding archaeological remains

and below-ground archaeological deposits. Guidelines which meet the requirements

of the United Kingdom Forestry Standard (UKFS) have been published by the

Forestry Commission (Forestry Commission; 2011). The reader is advised to refer

to this document for further information.

The guidelines recognise:

1. Windblown trees located upon features of archaeological interest can cause

considerable damage due to the uplift of root plates. Any upstanding walls or

structures may also be crushed as a result of windblown trees. General root

action can also be disruptive to both below and above ground archaeological

features.

2. Although low-level woodland browsing can control woody vegetation within

woodland pastures and clearings; overgrazing by introduced livestock can

cause significant erosion to upstanding earthworks and structures. Additional

measures such as fencing may be required to protect the ground around

individual sites of historic importance/interest.

3. Forest operations and civil engineering activities involve heavy machinery and

earth-moving equipment. These can unintentionally destroy or damage

archaeological remains and veteran directly, or in-directly due to soil vibration,

compaction and erosion.

4. Ground disturbance and with that potential damage or destruction to

archaeological features and deposits can also be caused as a result of habitat



restoration projects. This can involve the pulling out of tree stumps and the

inverting of soil layers to reduce surface nutrient content. Alternatively

restocking can lead to new or additional damage to archaeological features

and below-ground deposits.

5. There is considerable public interest public interest in cultural heritage and the

historic environment and interpretation of theses aspects of woodlands can

provide a focus for visitors. This could be achieved as part of a wider access

or recreation strategy. Historic environment features can be linked by

heritage trails and explained through the use of interpretative panels, leaflets

or maps. However these would need to be managed to avoid negative

impacts on the historic environment, such as increased erosion.

8.2 Mitigation

1. At the earliest stage, in advance of any management operations within areas

of woodland, the organisation commissioning the works should consult with

the regional historic environment authority, in this instance West Yorkshire

Archaeology Advisory Service (WYAAS): http://www.wyjs.org.uk/archaeology-

advisory-service/; and Natural England. Ahead of any management activity

upon the Castle Carr reservoir, pump house and water gardens, the

landowner will must consult and obtain listed building consent from Historic

England and the local planning authority.

2. Where an operation next to a historical feature is unavoidable, clear routes

and exclusion areas should be marked out to provide protection to the

monuments. Contractors could be provided with a ‘cab-card’, detailing in

bullet-point and map format information concerning the heritage, exclusion

zones and routes to and from site.

3. Regular visits to important heritage sites (such as the Castle Carr Water

Garden (Site No. 1 and 3) to monitor the condition will identify any new threats

or damage to the structure.

4. Trees and shrubs either on or within the immediate vicinity of archaeological

sites/features should be managed to limit the extent and establishment of

woody vegetation. It should be considered that large trees vulnerable to

windthrow be removed or crowned to reduce the weight of the tree canopy.

http://www.wyjs.org.uk/archaeology-advisory-service/

http://www.wyjs.org.uk/archaeology-advisory-service/



8.3 Specific Guidelines

Specific management recommendations for each feature recorded as part of the

survey can be found in Appendix 1. With the exception of the Pump House and

Castle Carr Water Garden, which are deemed to be of regional importance, all of the

sites identified are understood to be of local significance. In most cases it is felt that

simple photographic and descriptive records of what survives would be sufficient

ahead of any management works. Prior to any action, Yorkshire Water should

consult with Historic England (particularly as the Pump House and Water Gardens

are Listed Buildings) and West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service (WYAAS)

for advice at the planning stage.

It was noted during the survey that a number of dressed stones from the Castle Carr

Water Garden (Feature) had either become dislodged (Site No. 1 and 3) or were

missing from the structure (Site No. 6).

Plate 3: Absent stone work and subsidence (Site No. 6) upon the encompassing footpath wall near

the northeast corner of the Castle Carr Water Garden (Feature). Copyright Pennine Prospects



In order to maintain the long term survival and aesthetic nature of this regionally

important heritage asset the structural integrity of the Grade II listed Pump House

and Castle Carr Water Garden must be maintained.

In addition to the maintenance of each structure on the property, ground vegetation

should also be monitored. At the time of the survey sapling growth had encroached

and in places taken hold on the Castle Carr Water Garden compensation basin

(Plate 4).

Plate 4: Young and sapling vegetation on the compensation basin wall. Copyright Pennine Prospects

In order to reinstate the wrought iron grille (Site No. 4) and improve the integrity of

the irregular drystone wall (Site No. 2), the dense rhododendron ground vegetation

should be thinned and managed. Ideally a corridor separating the boundaries and

vegetation should be implemented.



9.0 Acknowledgments

Pennine Prospects would like to thank Yorkshire Water, in particular Geoff Lomas,

Catchment and Recreation Manager for their support and enthusiasm of the

Celebrating Our Woodland Heritage Project.

Thanks must be given to the Scholefield Family for providing access to Castle Carr

Reservoir site.

We would also like to thank the staff of West Yorkshire Archaeological Advisory

Service Historic Environment Record for their provision of data relating to Castle

Carr Reservoir and the wider region of Calderdale, West Yorkshire.



10.0 Bibliography

Online Resources

MAGIC geographic information Accessed: 09/05/2017

URL: http://www.magic.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx

United Kingdom Soil Observatory Soils map viewer Accessed: 09/05/2017

URL: http://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/ukso/home.html

Cranfield University 2016. The Soils Guide. Available: www.landis.org.uk. Cranfield

University, UK Accessed 09/05/2017

URL: http://www.landis.org.uk/services/soilsguide/soilscapes.cfm?ssid=19

British Geological Survey, Geology of Britain Viewer Accessed: 09/05/2017

URL: http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html

Malcolm Bull’s Calderdale Companion Accessed: 06/06/2017

URL:

http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~calderdalecompanion/mmc293.html

Published Resources

Ainsworth, S; Bowden, M; McOmish, D & Pearson, T, (2007). Understanding the

Archaeology of Landscapes: A guide to good recording practice. Swindon, English

Heritage

http://www.magic.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx

http://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/ukso/home.html

http://www.landis.org.uk/services/soilsguide/soilscapes.cfm?ssid=19

http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html

http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~calderdalecompanion/mmc293.html



Brown, L, (2013). ‘Hidden Heritage of the South Pennine Woodlands’. Pennine

Prospects, Unpublished Report

CIfA, (2014). ‘Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation’.

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, University of Reading

Crook, Dave, (2013). Castle Carr Water Gardens Structural Assessment. ARUP,

Yorkshire Water Services Ltd

Forestry Commission, (2011). ‘Forests and historic environment: UK Forestry

Standard Guidelines’. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh

King William I, (1086). Ed John Morris, (1986). Domesday Book, Yorkshire (Part

Two). Phillimore, Chichester

Natural England, (2014). ‘National Character Area Profile: 36 Southern Pennines’.

Natural England

Smith, A. H. (1961). The Place-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire. English

Place-Name Society. Cambridge University Press



11.0 List of illustrations

Tables

Table 1: List detailing the known archaeological records both within the property and within the 300

metres buffer zone.

Figures

Figure 1: Location of Castle Carr Reservoir in relation to the wider region. Contains OS data © Crown

copyright and database right (2017)

Figure 2: Location and extent of the of the Castle Carr Reservoir survey (centre), Calderdale, West

Yorkshire. Listed Buildings are also displayed. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database

right (2017). © Historic England [2017]. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and

database right [2017]. The Historic England GIS Data contained in this material was obtained on 16th

August [2016]. The most publicly available up to date Historic England GIS Data can be obtained from

HistoricEngland.org.uk.

Figure 3: Excerpt of the County of York Surveyed in (1772) MDCCLXVII, VIII, IX, and MDCCLXX

Engraved by Thomas Jefferys (Sheet V). The site of Castle Carr lies within the valley extending north

from Luddingden (Luddenden). Copyright © The British Library Board

Figure 4: Pattern of enclosure at Castle Carr prior to the construction of the reservoirs as reproduced

from the 1847 Six-Inch Ordnance Survey. Copyright Pennine Prospects

Figure 5: Pattern of enclosure at Castle Carr reproduced from the 1894 First County Series Survey.


Figure 6: Pattern of enclosure at Castle Carr reproduced from the 1969 First Edition National Grid.


Figure 7: Distribution of features of archaeological interest identified during the survey. Copyright

Pennine Prospects

Plates

Plate 1: Terminal of iron grill/fence (Site No. 4) and irregular drystone wall (Site No. 2) to the

northwest of the Castle Carr Water Gardens. The dense rhododendron is evident and a potential

threat to the integrity of the drystone wall at this location. Copyright Pennine prospects

Plate 2: Brick structure (Site No. 5) viewed from the south with the Castle Carr Water Gardens visible

in the mid-distance. Copyright Pennine Prospects



Plate 3: Absent stone work and subsidence (Site No. 6) upon the encompassing footpath wall near

the northeast corner of the Castle Carr Water Garden (Feature). Copyright Pennine Prospects

Plate 4: Young and sapling vegetation on the compensation basin wall. Copyright Pennine Prospects



Appendix 1: Survey Database

Site

No.

HER

No.

Designation

Easting

Northing

Site Name

Site Type

Sub-category

Description Period Condition/Threat

Recommendation

Reference Comp

No.

Importance

1 Listed Building: 1265210; 1272650

402388

430063 Castle Carr Water garden and Pump house

Boundary

Reservoir Revetment

Reservoir wall overlooking the inlet contains dislodged stonework at each corner (at the top of each staircase).

Post-medieval

Dislodge stonework places the structural integrity of the wall under threat.

Seek to repair wall and strengthen steel brackets.

Photographic Ref: IMG_7372, IMG_7373, IMG_7374

Regional

2 402417

430075 Boundary

Irregular Drystone Wall

Boundary recorded on 1894 1:2500 First County Series consists of an irregular drystone wall (approaching from the east). At the western terminal, the boundary

Post-medieval

In a fair to good condition. The wall is under threat from dense rhododendron ground vegetation.

The rhododendron should be controlled and a corridor established to prevent further encroachment and damage to the boundary

Photographic Ref: IMG_7375

Local



continues in the form of a 19th/20th century iron grille/fence. The wall measures 0.50m wide, and stands up to 1.50m high.

3 Listed Building: 1265210; 1272650

402346

430018 Castle Carr Water garden and Pump house

Boundary

Reservoir Revetment

Bracket has become detached from the wall of the compensation basin.

Post-medieval

Detached bracket from reservoir wall stone wall threatens wall integrity.

Reattachment of the bracket to the stonework is suggested as soon as possible to prevent further erosion to the reservoir wall.

Photographic Ref: IMG_7399, IMG_7400

Regional



4 402317

430171 Boundary

Grille Boundary recorded on 1894 1:2500 First County Series consisting of a 19th/20th century wrought iron grille/fence. The boundary marks the northern extent of Castle Carr reservoir.

Post-medieval

Largely collapsed and overgrown with rhododendron.

The rhododendron should be controlled and a corridor established to prevent further encroachment and damage to the boundary. In order to maintain the designed landscape character of the reservoir it might be beneficial to re-establish the wrought iron boundary to enhance the aesthetic nature and visitor experience.


Local



5 402338

429932 Structure

Brick built rectangular structure located alongside (to the east) the water course between the test basin of the Castle Carr Water Garden and a weir located to the south. The structure first appears on the 1:2500 1969 First National Grid. It contains the compensation ultrasonic head and monitoring point.

Modern

Structure is in a good condition. Some sapling growth has established itself at the site.

In order to maintain the structural integrity of the building, encroaching vegetation needs to be controlled. Additional works to the brickwork and roofing may also be required.

Photographic Ref: IMG_7387

Local



6 402387

430040 Boundary

Dressed stone wall at the foot of a staircase at Castle Carr Water Feature is missing at least two stones from the foot of the wall. The wall is also subsiding, leaning inwards towards the footpath.

Post-medieval

Structure in general good condition, however if left unattended the wall will gradually decline.

Wall and stone work should be replaced to prevent any future subsidence or collapse.


Regional



Appendix 2: Distribution Map



Appendix 3: Historic Mapping Pattern of enclosure at Castle Carr Reservoir reproduced from the 1847 Six-Inch Ordnance Survey.



Pattern of enclosure at Castle Carr Reservoir reproduced from the 1894 First County Series Survey.



Pattern of enclosure at Castle Carr Reservoir reproduced from the 1969 First National Grid.



Appendix 4: Digital Archive

Included with this report is a CD-Rom which contains a digital archive for use by the

landowner and regional Historic Environment Record.

The digital archive includes:

PDF digital copy of this report

Excel survey database

Digital photographic archive

GIS Shapefiles of historic mapping data



Appendix 5: About the Author and Pennine Prospects

At the time of this reports production, the author Christopher Atkinson was in

employment with Pennine Prospects as part of the Celebrating Our Woodland

Heritage Project. As Woodland Heritage Officer, Chris was tasked with carrying out

a programme of archaeological woodland surveys across the South Pennines. Chris

has been in full time employment as an archaeologist since 2006, during which time

he has been employed by Herefordshire Council’s archaeology service as

Community Archaeologist (2006-2013); Project Officer for the National Trust (2015)

and self-employed (2013-2016).

He is experienced in landscape survey, site excavation, geophysical survey, desk-

based assessment, use of GIS techniques (including MapInfo Professional; ArcGIS

and QGIS) and the production of management plans for clients such as Natural

England and Historic England.

He holds an undergraduate degree in Archaeology from the University of Wales

Lampeter (2004) and a Masters with distinction in Landscape Archaeology from the

University of Sheffield (2015).

Pennine Prospects is a unique rural regeneration company created in 2005 as a

champion for the South Pennines, the dramatic upland landscape that stands

prominently above the urban centres of Greater Manchester, the Lancashire valleys

and West Yorkshire. It is an award-winning partnership organisation that has

attracted over £5 million of national and European funding to deliver a wide range of

projects aimed at promoting, protecting and enhancing the built, natural and cultural

heritage of the South Pennines.

Pennine Prospects lies at the heart of a well-established partnership bringing

together six local authorities, two water companies, government agencies and the

voluntary sector. The company is strongly committed to sustainable development

and enables partner organisations, local residents and businesses to maximise the

benefit of the area’s rich natural, cultural and heritage assets.

Through its activities, Pennine Prospects supports the economy of the South

Pennines by uncovering, highlighting and promoting all that is special about the area.



In addition, the company develops community projects, promotes access to the

uplands and waterways and connects people with their landscape.

celebrating our woodland heritage yorkshire water property ... · the yorkshire water property of...

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