cdp hospital service design report pdf

8/3/2019 CDP Hospital Service Design Report PDF

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Building services design of the Hospital

Introduction

In this project, we are proposing to construct a new hospital in this area. This will be athree story building. But we are keeping provision for future development up to five

stories.

This hospital is consists of many features that are very useful for the villagers. It is

provided with Accident and Emergency treatment unit, X-ray room, Dental unit,

Consultant unit, Childrens Ward, Female Ward, Male ward, Mandatory Ward and

Delivery section, ICU and Operation Theater.

In the design, special care was given to differently able people. They were provided

with special Wash rooms with special facilities. These washrooms are present in each

floor.

Cold water supply system and Hot water supply system are the most critical services

in this building. Both above ground and below ground waste water disposal systems were

provided. Since this is situated in Hatton, both Air conditioning and heating required for

the building. They were provided to the appropriate spaces. Electrical and telephone

system is another service present in this building.

This building is consists of a wet riser and sprinkler firefighting system. Smoke detectors

were used as fire detectors. Refuse chute is also included to the building.

Bio-gas system had introduced as an alternative power generation method. Since

this area have plenty of water, no need of rain water harvesting. A Roof garden is

maintained on the second floor top level. Few service ducts were provided to the building.Service lines were laid along the ceiling. Integrated system was adapted to this building.

There are few more services were included in this hospital. Passive concept was

taken in to the account in the design and it was design as a green building. Lot of

sustainable methods had adapted to this hospital design.


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Circulation

Vertical circulation

Stair case

Two stair cases were provided to this building. Both are identical. This is the main

access for the upper floors. Visitors supposed to use stair case. Dimensions and details of

the stair case are given below.

Floor to floor height = 4500 mm

Total width of core = 3500 mm

Length of the core = 5000 mm

Length of the landing = 1500 mm

Width of stair case = 1750 mm

Rise = 175 mm

Tread = 290 mm

Fig.1 Stair case


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Lift

One lift has provided for this building. It is not for visitors. It is mainly use for the

patients and for differently able people. Size of the lift will be 3500 mm 2700 mm. This

size was selected because it should be adequate to carry a trolley with a patient. And also

Wheel chairs should be able to carry from this lift. Staff can carry their stuff from the lift.

Since there is a lift, there is no ramp provided for differently able people. There is a

ramp in ground floor to give access to ground floor for differently able people.

3500 mm

2700 mm

Fig.2 Arrangement of the lift

Horizontal circulation

Corridors and passages were kept in 2.5 m width because they should be adequate

to exchange two trolleys or two wheel chairs. In ground floor, a ramp has provided for the

differently able people who can use that to enter the ground floor.


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Service Ducts (Integrated system)

A Hospital has various kinds of services. Service ducts are essential to have a

good services design. Few vertical service ducts were provided to this building. Some of

them were for plumbing. Cold water pipes, Hot water pipes, Waste water pipes were sent

through service ducts. Separate ducts were provided for electrical wires, telephone wires,

network cables and other cables. Cable trays were provided through ceilings and some

services lines were run through the ceiling. We are using an integrated system for wires

and cables. An integrated system was also used for the plumbing. Ventilation ducts were

provided for the places where they were necessary.

Fig.3 Integrated system of services under a ceiling

Fig.4 Intigrated service system through vertical ducts


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Sanitary appliances

Ground floor is consists of several bathrooms for the staff and for the general

public. All the wards were provided with Washrooms and adequate number of appliances

was provided for them. Each floor is consists with special washroom for differently able

people. They were provided with special appliances and special facilities.

Fig.5 Special arrangements for differently able people

Following is the calculation to find the required number of sanitary appliances for the

hospital staff.

Number of beds = 105

% of staff required = 38%

Number of staff required = 105 38%

= 40

Assumption;

Staff is consists of 15 males and 25 females. Therefore;

Required number of WCs for females = 3

Required number of WCs for males = 1

Required number of Wash basins for females = 3

Required number of Wash basins for males = 1

Required number of Urinals for males = 1


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In the design, building was provided;

One gents washroom at Administration area with 1 WC, 1 Wash basin and 1 Urinal

One Ladies washroom at Administration area with 1 WC and 1 Wash basin

A washroom for Doctors restroom with two WCs and a Wash basin

A washroom for Nurses restroom with two WCs and a wash basin

Altogether;

6 WCs, 4 Wash basins and 1 urinal

Here, one sink per washrooms was provided for cleaning purpose.

Washrooms were provided for each ward, ICU and Mandatory unit with sufficient

sanitary appliances. Hand railings were fixed near the appliances at the washrooms for

differently able people.

Hygienic effects were taken in to account when arranging the appliances and

intervening ventilated space was provided in washrooms. Urinals were not provided to

common washrooms in restrooms due to hygienic effect.


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Cold water supply

Cold water supply is the most critical service in a building. Since there is lack of

design information about Hospitals, internet was referred to find data. Total per day cold

water consumption was calculated according to the gathered data.

Per capita cold water consumption = 250 gal per day/ per bed

= 947 l per day/ per bed


Total per day cold water demand = 105 947

= 99435 l

= 99.435 m3

Cold water demand for hot water = 160 l per day/ per bed

Total water demand for hot water = 160 105

= 16800 l/ day

= 16.8 m3

Total per day water demand = 99.435 + 16.8

= 116.235 m3

According to the water demand, an overhead water tank was provided. Dimensions of the

overhead tank as follows,

Length = 5 m

Width = 5 m

Height = 5 m

Free board = 0.2 m

Water height = 4.8 m

There for total capacity of the tank is 120 m3


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Loading units of each floor

Appliance Ground floor First floor Second floor

Amount Loading total Amount Loading total Amount Loading total

Unit loading Unit loading Unit loading

units units units

Wash basins 22 3 66 20 3 60 13 3 39

Sink 5 5 25 2 5 10 4 5 20

Bathing cubical

(Shower)

1 3 3 10 3 30 7 3 21

Bib tap 9 5 45 10 5 50 5 5 25

WC 13 2 26 10 2 20 7 2 14

Bidet shower 13 1 13 10 1 10 7 1 7

Water bath 1 10 10 1 10 10 2 10 20

Total

Table.1 Loading units of each floor

Calculation to find the flow rate of the urinal as follows;

Capacity of the urinal = 4.5 l

Interval between usage = 20 min

Flow rate = 4.5 60/20

60 60

= 0.0375 l/s

Number of urinals in;

Ground floor = 5

First floor = 0

Second floor = 2

188 190 146


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Assumptions;

Bathing cubical are consist of a shower and a bib tap WC and bidet shower was considered separately PVC pipes were used for cold water supply Water tank is right above the male wards washroom Pipe lines coming from the tank is running through the duct at male wards

washroom

Pipe has a horizontal length of 0.5 m at the bottom level of the water tank Floor to floor height of the building is 4.5 m Spring water is collected to an underground sump and it is pumped to the overhead

tank

Showers are at the height of 2 m above from the slab top level and all otherappliances are at 1 m height above the slab top level of each floor

Water tank is 4.5 m above the top level of the second floor

Except the wash basins in washrooms, few more wash basins and sinks were

provided for the places where they are necessary. One wash basin which is at the

waiting area of ground floor is for the outside visitors and OPD patient.


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Pipe sizing

Required pipe sizing for each branch can be calculated and adequate diameter was

selected by checking the available head of the appliances at the discharge point. Following

is a specimen calculation which was done for the pipe .

Assumption :- Inner diameter of 50 mm PVC pipes were used.

For ground floor;

Total loading units = 188

Flow rate due to loading units = 2.0 l/s

Flow rate from 5 urinals = 0.0375 l/s 5

= 0.1875 l/s

Total design flow rate = 2.0 + 0.1875

= 2.1875 l/s

For first floor;


Design flow rate = 2.0 l/s

For second floor;



Flow rate from 2 urinals = 0.0375 l/s 2

= 0.075 l/s

Number of;

Stop valves = 1

Elbows = 1

Ts = 1


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Pipe length = 9.0 + 0.5

= 9.5 m



From urinals = 0.1875 + 0.075

= 0.2625 l/s

Total design flow rate = 3.5 + 0.2625

= 3.7625 l/s

Loss of head = 0.065 m/m run

Head loss due to the pipe = 0.065 9.5

= 0.6175 m

Head loss of stop valve = 1.6 m

Head loss due to elbows = 2.3 0.065

= 0.1495 m

Head loss due to Ts = 3.5 0.065

= 0.2275 m

Total head loss of the pipe = 0.6175 + 0.1495 + 0.2275

= 2.5945 m


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Fig.6 Cold water pipe line system


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Fig.7 Water tank and pumps arrangement

Alternative pump has provided to make sure the continuous water supply even in

a break down of the main pump. Water which is at under ground sump is pumped to the

elevated tank.

Key

= Stop valve BC = Bathing cubical

= Pump B = Water Bath

= Ball valve BT = Bib tap

WC = Water closet S = Sink

BS = Bidet shower WB = Wash basin

Assumption :- Bathing cubical is consists of a shower and a bib tap.


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Table.2 Pipe size calculation for cold water pipe system


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Pipe diameter for each pipe in the cold water system

Pipe number Outer diameter (mm)

1 54

2 42

2-1 35

2-2 35

2-3 35

2-4 35

2-5 35

3 42

3-1 35

4 54

5 42

5-1 35

5-2 35

5-3 35

6 42

6-1 35

6-2 35

7 42

8 42

8-1 35

8-2 35

8-3 35

9 42

9-1 35

9-2 35

9-3 35

Table.3 Pipe size estimation for cold water system

All the other pipes which are connecting appliances are of 28 mm outer diameter.


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Hot water supply

Hot water demand = 160 l/day/per bed

Peak demand = 30 l/hr


Total demand = 105 160

= 16800 l/day

In this hospital, only the necessary appliances are provided with hot water. Mainly

the selected wash basins, selected sinks, bathing cubicles and water baths were connected

to hot water supply system. (i.e. wash basins in ward washrooms, washrooms in other

important units, sinks in operation theater and ICU.etc.) Ground floors public

washrooms were not connected to the hot water system because they may not use in night

time when the environment is cold. It is not necessary and also uneconomical. (This

hospital is situated in Hatton where the night temperature is low)

Hot water will generate using boilers. These boilers will be function with bio-gas.

Detail of the bio-gas supply unit will be discussed later. Electrical backup system for the

boilers were connected to keep continuation of hot water supply is low or dropped down.

Per person hot water demand = 35 l/day

Hot water cylinder capacity = 35 105

= 3675 l/day

= 3.675 m3/day

We cannot store the amount of total hot water demand in a cylinder because it will cause a

massive energy loss while storage and the water will not in adequate temperature all over

the day. So we are planning to do the boiling throughout the day. So we do not need

cylinder of 16.8 m3. So, about 4 m

3cylinder will be adequate.


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Fig.8 Hot water pipe line system


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Fig.9 Hot Water supply system

In this case, solar water heaters were come in to the seen as an alternative. But

doing it in large scale is expensive. Hatton area is not much experience lot of solar heat. So

it is not economically feasible.

Bio-gas can reduce the cost because we can get it free. And it also gives solution

for the solid waste disposal.

Required flow rate (Hot water) for several appliances

Wash basin = 0.08 l/s

Water bath = 0.15 l/s

Shower = 0.20 l/s

Sink = 0.15 l/s

Water tank

Cylinder

Vent pipe

To appliances

Boiler

Drain valve

Safe valve


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Table.4 Pipe size calculation for hot water pipe system


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Pipe diameter for each pipe in the hot water system

Pipe number Outer diameter

1 422 28

2-1 28

3 35

4-1 35

4-2 35

5 35

6 42

7 22

Table.5 Pipe size estimation for hot water system

Outer diameter of 22 mm pipes were used for the other part of the pipe network.

They were used to connect appliances to the main pipe lines.


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Waste water disposal system

Above ground waste water disposal system

Special system of waste water disposal method was used in this hospital. Gray

water is collecting separately and sends to a treatment plant before dispose them to ground.

Black water was directed to a bio-gas generating unit to generate bio-gas.

Three services ducts were included in this building for plumbing. Three main waste

water disposal pipe lines coming through these ducts were connected to a main line at

ground level which goes to their destinations. Here the main black water line was directed

to the bio-gas unit and the main gray water pipe line was directed to the waste water

treatment plant.

Discharge units of appliances

9lWC = WC = 14

Sink = S = 14

Wash basin = WB = 2

Water bath = B = 18

Shower = SH = 2

Bib tap = BT = 2

Assumption :- Bathing cubical (BC) is consists of a shower and a bib tap. Therefore

discharge unit of a bathing cubical is 4.


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Above ground gray waste water disposal system

Fig.10 Above ground waste water system

Gray water disposal system through duct 1 (D1)

Second floor level

First floor level

Ground floor level

D1-1 D1-2

D1-8

D1-3 D1-4

D1-9

D1-5 D1-6

D1-10D1-7

D1-11

Fig.11 Gray water disposal pipe line system through duct 1 (D1)


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Pipe

number

Discharge unit of appliances Total

discharge

units

Pipe

size

(inner

dia.)

(mm)

WC Sink Wash

basin

Water

bath

Shower Bib

tap

Urinal

Second Floor

D1-1 - - 42 =

8

- 32 =

6

32 =

6

- 20 63

D1-2 - 414=

56

42 =

8

181=

18

12 =

2

12 =

2

- 86 76

D1-8 20+86 =

106

76

First floor

D1-3 - 214=

28

210=

20

- 82 =

16

82 =

16

- 80 76

D1-4 - - 22 =

4

- - - - 4 50

D1-9 84+106 =

190

89

Ground floor

D1-5 - - 52 =

10

- - - - 10 50

D1-6 - - 52 =

10

- - - - 10 50

D1-7 - 514=

70

22 =

4

- - 52 =

10

- 84 76

D1-10 190+10=

200

89

D1-11 200+10+

84 =294

100

Table.6 Pipe size estimation of gray water pipes through duct 1


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Second floor level

First floor level

Ground floor level

D2-1

D2-4

D2-7

D2-2

D2-3

D2-5

D2-6

D2-9D2-8

D2-10

From D3



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Pipe

number


discharge

units

Pipe

size

(inner

dia.)

(mm)

WC Sink Wash

basin

Water

bath

Shower Bib

tap

Urinal

Second Floor

D2-1 - - 23 =6

- - - 6 50

D2-2 - - 21 =

2

- 22 =

4

22 =

4

- 10 63

D2-3 6+10 =

16

63

First floor

D2-4 - - 23=

6

- - - - 6 50

D2-5 - - 22 =

4

- 22 =

4

22 =

4

- 12 63

D2-6 18+16 =

34

76

Ground floor

D2-7 - - 22 =

4

- - - - 4 50

D2-9 4+34 =

38

76

D2-8 - - 32 =

6

- - - - 6 50

From duct 3 (D3) 76

D2-10 32 =

6

6+6+38+

76= 126

89



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Second floor level

First floor level

Ground floor level

D3-1 D3-2

D3-3

D3-4

D3-5

D3-6

D3-7

D3-8

D3-9



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Pipe

number


discharge

units

Pipe

size

(inner

dia.)

(mm)

WC Sink Wash

basin

Water

bath

Shower Bib

tap

Urinal

Second Floor

D3-1 - - - 118=18

- - - 18 63

D3-2 - - 22 =

4

- 21 =

2

21 =

2

- 8 50

D3-3 18+8 =

26

63

First floor

D3-4 - - - 118=

18

- - - 18 63

D3-5 - - 21 =

2

- 21 =

2

21 =

2

- 6 50

D3-6 24+26=

50

76

Ground floor

D3-7 - - - 118=

18

- - - 18 50

D3-8 18+50=

68

76

D3-9 - - 22 =

4

- 21 =

2

21 =

2

- 8+68 =

76

76


Higher provision for discharge pipes were given so that to avoid blocks and to

increase the efficiency of flow.

Size of the discharge pipe of each appliance (inner diameter)

Wash basin = 38 mm

Sink = 50 mm

Water bath = 63 mm

Bathing cubical = 63 mm

(Shower and bib tap)


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Total discharge units of main discharge pipe = 294+126+76

= 496

Therefore proposed pipe size = 125 mm

Assumption:- 85% of consumption will be discharge as gray water. Consume will be take

place in 18 hrs duration per day.

Discharge = 99.43585% /186060

= 1.30410-3

m3/s

= 1.304 l/s

From Chezzys equation;

V = Cmi

Considering half-filled conditions and assuming the self-cleansing velocity is 1.1 m/s

Fig.14 Section of a half filled pipe

m = A/

= (d2/4) / (d/2)

= d/4

Assume the peak flow is 6 time higher than average flow:

Peak flow = 1.304 6

= 7.824 l/s

Considering;

Q = AV

7.82410-3 = (d/2)20.9

d = 0.1488 m

Therefore d = 125 mm pipe is not adequate. So we can use d = 150 mm pipe as the main

horizontal discharge pipe.


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m = d/4

= 150/4

= 37.5 mm

Considering;

V = Cmi , C = 55

1.1 = 550.0375ii = 4/374

= 0.01067

Can use the slope of the pipe as 1: 90

Gray water treatment and disposal

This gray water was directed to a treatment plant and after treating they will

be discharge to a soakage pit.


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Above ground black water disposal system

Black water disposal system through duct 1 (D1)

Fig.15 Black water disposal system through duct 1 (D1)

Pipe Discharge units Total discharge

units

Inner diameter

of the pipe (mm)WC Urinal

Second floor

D1-1B - 22 = 4 4 50

D1-2B 414 = 56 - 56 89

D1-3B 4+56 = 60 89

First floor

D1-4B 314 = 42 - 42 89

D1-5B 414 = 56 - 56 89

D1-6B 42+56+60=158 100

Ground floor

D1-7B - 24 = 8 8 50

D1-8B 914 = 126 - 126 100

D1-9B 134+158= 292 150

Table.7 Pipe size estimation of black water pipes through duct 1

D1-2BD1-1B

D1-3B

D1-5BD1-4B

D1-6B

D1-8BD1-7B

D1-9B

Second floor level

First floor level

Ground floor level


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units

Inner diameter


Second floor

D2-1B 214 = 28 - 28 89

D2-2B 28 89

First floor

D2-3B 214 = 28 - 28 89

D2-4B 28+28 = 56 89

Ground floor

D2-5B 214 =28 - 28 89

D2-6B 214 =28 - 28 89

From D3 42

D2-7B 56+56+42=164 125


Second floor level

First floor level

Ground floor level

D2-1B

D2-2B

D2-3B

D2-4B

D2-5B D2-6B

D2-7BFrom D3


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units

Inner diameter


Second floor

D3-1B 114 = 14 - 14 89

D3-2B 14 89

First floor

D3-3B 114 = 14 - 14 89

D3-4B 14+14 = 28 89

Ground floorD3-5B 114 =14 - 14 89

D3-6B 214 =28 - 14 =28 = 42 100


Higher provisions were allowed for diameter of the pipes to make sure that

solids will not block the pipes and to obtain the half fill condition. It also increases the

efficiency of the flow.

D3-1BSecond floor level

First floor level

Ground floor level

D3-3B

D3-2B

D4-1B

D3-5B

D3-6B


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Total discharge units = 292+42+112

= 446

Therefore, 150 mm diameter pipe was provided as the main black water disposal pipe. This

is laid on the ground.

Assumptions :-

Total amount of the black water discharge per day is equal to 15% of the usage Pipes are in half filled condition Self-cleansing velocity of the black water is 0.9 m/s Water demand will be occur during 18 hr period per day Peak demand is six times the average demand

Black water discharge = 99.43515% / 186060

= 2.30210-4

m3/s

Peak discharge = 2.30210-4

6

= 1.381210-3

m3/s

Considering, Q= AV;

1.381210-3 = d20.9/4

d = 0.0442 mm

Therefore d=150 mm pipe is adequate.

Considering, m = A/;

m = d/4

=0.15/4

m = 0.0375 m

From Chezzys equation, V = Cmi , C=55

0.9 = 550.0375i

i = 7.93410-4

Provided slope for the pipe is 1:125

This pipe was directed to bio-gas unit.


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Below ground waste water disposal system

Below ground black water disposal system

All the black water is directed to a bio-gas unit. It will be work as a below

ground black water disposal system.

Below ground gray water disposal system

All the Gray water was directed to a gray water treatment plant. After

treating, they will be discharge to the ground. This system will be acting as the below

ground gray water disposal system.

Further details of the bio-gas unit and water treatment plant will be discussed later.


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Fire Security system

Fire security system is consisting of two elements. They are fire detecting

and firefighting. In this building, both fire detecting and firefighting systems were

installed.

Fire detecting system

We have provided heat detectors as the fire detectors. Since this area has less

temperature, smoke detectors will be more effective over heat detectors. They were

connected to fire alarms.

Fig.18 Smoke detectors

Fire alarms were installed in wards and other necessary areas. If smoke enters

the unit, particles attach to the ions slowing their movement. This reduction in current flow

actuates an electronic relay circuit to operate an alarm.


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Fire fighting system

Fig.19 Wet riser

Fig.20 Landing valve


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A wet riser was provided to the building. Plumbing for wet riser was laid

through service ducts. Hoses were provided in each floor. Except the wet riser, portable

fire fighters (Foam) were installed at necessary places. Especially we provided them for

small fire and for the places where using water is not much appropriate.

Fig.21 Portable fire fighters


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Public administration system and Security Camera system

Public administration system

A public administration system was installed in this hospital. All the wards and

the necessary places were provided with speakers. The controlling unit was installed in

administration area. All the announcements can be passing through this system. Cables for

this system were laid through service ducts.

Fig.22 Wall mounted Speaker

Security Camera system

Security cameras were mounted in the entrance, wards and other necessary

positions in the hospital for security purpose. Control unit was situated in administration

area. Cables for this system were laid through service ducts.

Fig.23 Security Camera


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Lighting system

Illumination level and required lamps

Lighting is another critical service of a hospital. Adequate light with appropriate

Illumination level should be provided. Followings are the required Illumination levels

according to EN 12464-1 (2002)

Area Illumination level Em (lx)

Corridor 200

washrooms 200

Store room 100

Office 500

Staff room 300

Wards 300Delivery room

General lighting

Examination area

300

1000

Emergency treatment unit 500

Operation theater

Theater

Recovery area

1000

500

ICU

general

Examination and treatment area

300

1000Dental unit

General

At the patient

500

1000

Pharmacy 500

Table.10 Illumination level of different areas

Table.11 Data of different types of lamps


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Assumption:- use 80 W Fluorescent lamp which has 7375 luminous.

Number of lamps = EA/ FUM

Where;

E = Illumination level

A = Area

F = luminous per lamp

U = Utilization factor

M = Maintenance factor

Here, U = 0.5 and M = 0.8

Specimen calculation to find the required number of lamps for front lobby, staircase and lobby in the ground floor as follow;

Area = 737.5

= 248.5 m2

Illumination level = 200 lx

Required number of lamps = EA/FUM

= 200248.5/73750.50.8

= 16.85

17 lamps were required.

Assumption:-

Average illumination level at,

Delivery room = (1000 + 300)/2

= 650 lx

ICU = (1000 + 300)/2

= 650 lx

Dental unit = (1000 + 500)

= 750 lx


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Name of the area Illumination

level (lx)

Area (m2)

Number of

lamps

Ground floor

Front lobby, Stair case and lift 200 262.5 17

Corridors 200 50 4Administration area 500 67.5 12

Rest rooms 300 56.5 6

Washrooms and cleaning room 200 84.5 7

Services room and store room 100 31.5 2

Consultant room 300 28 3

Emergency treatment unit 500 56 10

OPD 500 24 4

Medical record room 300 15 2

Pharmacy 500 6.25 1

Back lobby and stair case 200 93 7

X-ray room 300 35 4

Dental unit 750 28 8

Around the hospital 100 252 9

Total number of lamps required for ground floor 96

First floor

Corridors, lobbies, lift and staircase 200 208.25 15

Children ward 300 115 12

Female ward 300 214 22

Washrooms 200 82 6

Mandatory ward 300 72 8Delivery section 650 59.5 14

Total number of lamps required for First floor 77

Second floor

Corridors, lobbies, lift and staircase 200 135.25 10

Male ward 300 115 12

General ward 300 131.5 14

Operation theater 1000 40 14

Recovery area and lobby 500 25 5

Washrooms 200 70 5ICU 650 112 25

Store room 100 48 2

Total number of lamps required for First floor 87

Table.12 Estimation of number of lamps per several areas

Total number of lamps required = 96 + 77 + 87

= 260

Energy requirement for lighting = 260 80 W

= 20.8 kW


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In hospitals, special kind of lamps and lightings are using in Operation theaters,

ICU and Dental units. High intensity lighting systems are useful for examine patients in

operation theaters and dental units.

(i) (ii)Fig.24 Interior lighting of (i)Operation theater and (ii)ICU

Alternative lighting method- LED lighting system

LED lamps are proposed to use in this hospital as alternative energy

conservation method.

Advantages of LED lighting system

long service life low maintenance costs low power consumption minimum operating costs vibration and impact-proof compact size high colour stability efficient control thanks to simple control system low heat generation


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Fig.25 LED luminariesStatic and dynamic light


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Energy Consumption

Fig.26 Energy usage of a Hospital

Equipment Energy (kW)

MI (Cyclotron) 100Cathlab 105

MRI 75

CT 64

PET & PET CT 72

Surgery mobile C arm 8

CSSD (Central Sterilization supply dept.) 96

OT equipment 1.6

ICCU equipment 1.6

X-ray (Radiography, Fluoroscopy) 52

Mammography 12

Ultra sound 4

Healthcare IT work station 1.6

Table.13 Energy consumption for equipment


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cdp hospital service design report pdf

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