Children's Depression InventoryAll about the CDI:Name: Children's Depression Inventory•most widely used self-report scale for depression in youth•developed by Maria Kovacs, PHD•initially published in 1975 and revised in '92Type of Measure:•Domain: behavioral/ social/ emotional•self report style based on the BDI•subdivided emotional and functional subscales•versions: self report, short form, parent form, teacher formMulticultural Considerations•CDI has a low reading level•invariance among genders in middle and late childhood•normed for special child populations•researched in several cultures/ ethnic backgrounds•translated into 23 languagesTest ConstructionNorming Sample: based on 1266 respondents from U.S., Canada, and Australia

Reliability: Good internal consistency (r= .86), test-retest reliability (r=.74-.77), and predictive, convergent, and construct validity

Validity: Good discriminative, predictive, and concurrent validityAdministration and Scoring InformationEase and time of administration:•mental health workers, pastoral counselors, teachers, or doctors with a graduate degree can administer the CDI•Paper and Pencil or software version available•15 minutes or less to complete the self-reportScoring:•Scoring takes under 10 minutes •Score ranges from 0-54 for self report version• Cutoff score of 19 or 20 has been considered for the clinical range•Scores above the 85th percentile or t-score above 65 are considered significant•6 step scoring interpretationTarget Audience:

Strengths/ LimitationsResearch StudiesReferencesThe Cycle of Depression•school aged children and adolescents from 7-17 years old•can be used for screening measures at clinics or schools

Diagnostic Considerations•The CDI measures symptom severity- it is NOT a diagnostic tool•Measures symptoms associated with depressive disordersand distinguishes between depressive disorders•V Codes•What does depression in childhood look like?"Measurement Bias Across Gender on the CDI""Depressive symptoms as measured by the CDI in a population of Northern Italian Children"

• Gender differences regarding depression has been explored•Gender differences on assessment measures has not•Purpose of the study was to confirm the accuracy of prevalence rates determined by the CDI and confirm the psychometric properties of the instrument•n= 779•five factors or CDI were measured and were consistent between genders

Andrews, L.Wasmer (2010). Quick Reference. In Encyclopedia of Depression. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood. Retrieved from http://ebooks.abc-clio.com/reader.aspx?isbn=9780313353673&id=GR5378_0349

Carle, A.C. Millsap, R.E. Cole, D.A. (2007). Measurement Bias Across Gender on the Children’s Depression Inventory: Evidence for Invariance from Two Latent Variable Models. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 68 (281). Retrieved from http://epm.sagepub.com.libproxy.usc.edu/content/68/2/281.full.pdf+html

Children’s depression inventory. (2009). The international encyclopedia of depression. Springer Publishing Company.

Bae, Y. (2012). Test Review: Children’s Depression Inventory 2 (CDI 2). Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 30 (304). Retrieved from http://jpa.sagepub.com.libproxy.usc.edu/content/30/3/304.full.pdf+html

Frigerio, A., Pesenti, S., Molteni, M., Snider, J., & Battaglia, M. (2001). Depressive symptoms as measured by the CDI in a population of northern italian children. European Psychiatry, 16(1), 33-37. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(00)00533-2

Kovacs, M. (2003). Children’s Depression Inventory: Technical Manual Update.New York: Multi-Health Systems Inc.

Weiss, Bahr; Weisz, John R.; Politano, Michael; Carey, Michael; Nelson, W. Michael; Finch, A. J. (1992). Relations among self-reported depressive symptoms in clinic-referred children versus adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101 (3).

Carle et. al (2007); Kovacs (1992)Strengths:•good reliability and validity•items reflect range of symptoms involved with depression•measures different perspectives of depression through 5 factors•large norming sampleLimitations:•not normed for SES or gender•has been shown to generate false positives

Carle et. al (2007); Kovacs (1992)Carle et. al (2007)

•The purpose of the study detected depression symptoms in young children (8 years old)•n= 284•The CDI internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach's alpha: .80)•Found children of lower SES were at risk of depression. •Boys of low SES scored higher in depression than girls of low SES•CDI consistent across different cultures •Reliably employed in the assessment of young children.

Kovacs (1992)Kovacs (1992)Kovacs (1992)Kovacs (1992)Frigerio et. al (2001)

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