ccc theory i (cccc7100-01), fall 2011 - tulane … · ccc theory i (cccc7100-01), fall 2011 2...

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CCC Theory I (CCCC7100-01), Fall 2011

Thursdays, 2-4:30 pm, Newcomb 314

Organizers: Fred Buttell (Social Work), Joel Devine (Sociology & Urban Studies)

Course Description, Logic, and Structure

CCC 7100 is the first semester of a two-semester graduate-level introduction to key theoretical issues, debates, figures, and works in the interconnected program core areas of city, culture, and community. Co-taught and relying on faculty from an array of disciplines, the course seeks to facilitate student’s acquisition of theoretical knowledge with a capacity to both interrogate and align theory and practice. The two-semesters are organized to elaborate, articulate, and promulgate the unique inter- and multi-disciplinary promise of the CCC program, by developing a more synthetic approach to theory per Diagram 1 (below). Toward these ends, the organizing committee has designed a tripartite, two-semester theory sequence consisting of:

(a) A meta-theoretical framework focused on “thinking about theory”; and

(b) Pluralistic interrogation within and across the broad programmatic spheres of city, culture, and community through examination of a series of key:

(1) Theoretical schools & orientations (balance of first semester); and

(2) Conceptual lenses (second semester)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Diagram 1 – Visualization of CCC Theory I, II (CCCC 7100, 7150)

Variable Conceptual Direction Lens of Focus Spheres of Inquiry

and implications… vi

Culture Community

City

Nexus

Interrogatory School / Orientation / Concept

Analysis within and across city, culture, and community

http://ifa.hawaii.edu/~amann/401px-Fresnel_lens.svg.png


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Course Goals

Learn to analyze theory; Develop an understanding of the role, functions, and organization (structure) of theory in relation to

research; Learn how to use theory to build knowledge; Organize and synthesize data and information; Develop systematic and integrative understandings and explanations in the key substantive areas of

city, culture, and community; Build a necessary base of theoretical knowledge from multiple orientations in the key substantive

areas of city, culture, and community; Construct new theories to understand past and present conditions and processes; Foster a sufficient understanding of multiple disciplinary and inter-disciplinary approaches,

questions, issues to afford subsequent mastery of more specialized areas of inquiry

Student Evaluation / Weight

1. Two - Peer Discussion Facilitator 10%@ 20% Prepare discussion questions regarding the assigned readings for distribution to class the week prior to the class for which the readings pertain

2. Weekly short topical readings summary, reflection, and application papers 25%

3. Two- Medium-length excursive synthesis & application(s) paper after each section of courses (1st semester - IA, IB; 2nd semester - IIC, IID) 15%@ 30%

4. Final integrative, applications paper in student’s core substantive area

Prospectus only (equivalent to penultimate draft of theoretical chapter of

dissertation) or additional integrative paper per above #3 15%a

5. Discussion/Participation 10%

Facilitators’ Contact Info & Office Hours:

Name Email Phone Office Office Hours

Fred Buttell

[email protected] 865-3486

Prior to class, after class, or by appointment

Joel Devine


220 Newcomb

Tuesdays Noon-1 pm or by appointment

Michele Adams


204 Newcomb

Tuesdays 1 pm to 3 pm and by appointment

Kevin Gotham


220 Newcomb

by appointment only

Carol Reese


113 Richardson Memorial

Wednesdays 9-11 am or by appointment

mailto:[email protected]






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Tentative Schedule: Topics & Readings

Week Section & Topic Facilitator(s) Listing Format Annotation Readings for Session Other Recommended / Supplementary Readings (Note: ’other’ readings are not

assigned readings for the week. These are a partial listing of topic-relevant readings which form the base of a CCC program theory reading list.

SECTION IA. THINKING ABOUT THEORY – Weeks 1-3 Facilitator: Kevin Gotham

Section IA provides a schematic overview of the different definitions, functions, and properties of theory. Students will be introduced to the various criteria scholars use to evaluate the validity of theories. Students will also learn the basic components of theory which include concepts, ontological and epistemological assumptions, inductive and deductive reasoning, and levels of analysis.

Wk 1 (9/1) Dissecting Theory

Readings 1. Abend, Gabriel. 2008. “The Meaning of Theory.” Sociological Theory 26(2) (June 2008), pp. 173-

199.

2. Robinson, Jennifer. 2011. “Cities in a World of Cities: the Comparative Gesture.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 35(1) (January 2011), pp. 1-23.

3. McFarlane, Colin. 2010. “The Comparative City: Knowledge Learning, Urbanism.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 34(4) (December 2010), pp. 725-42.

4. Thyer, Bruce A. (2001). What is the Role of Theory in Social Work Practice? Journal of Social Work Education 37(1): 9-25.

Wk 2 (9/8) Knowledge for Whom and For What Purpose: Ontology, Epistemology, and Explanation

Readings 1. Reed, Isaac. 2010. “Epistemology Contextualized: Social-Scientific Knowledge in a Postpositivist

Era.” Sociological Theory 28(1) (March 2010), Pp. 20-30.

2. Choo, Hae Yeon and Myra Marx Ferree. 2010. “Practicing Intersectionality in Sociological Research: A Critical Analysis of Inclusions, Interactions, and Institutions in the Study of Inequalities.” Sociological Theory 28(2) June 2010, pp. 129-149.

3. Beauregard, Robert A. 2003. “City of Superlatives.” City and Community 2(3) (September 2003), pp. 183-199.

4. Dear, Michael. 2003. “Response to Beauregard—Superlative Urbanisms: The Necessity for Rhetoric in Social Theory.” City and Community 2(3) September 2003, pp. 201-204.

5. Brenner, Neil. 2009. “What is Critical Urban Theory?” City, 13(2) (June – September 2009), pp. 198-207.


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Wk 3 (9/15) The Building Blocks of Theory: Concepts, Levels of Analysis, and the Agency /Structure Relationship

Readings

1. Peterson, Richard, and N. Anand. 2004. “The Production of Culture Perspective.” Annual Review of Sociology. 30: 311-34.

2. Mustafa Emirbayer, Mustafa, and Ann Mische. 1998. “What is Agency?” American Journal of Sociology, 103(4) (January 1998), pp. 962-1023.

3. Castells, Manuel. 2000. “Materials for an Exploratory Theory of the Network Society.” British Journal of Sociology. 51(1) (January/March 2000), pp. 5–24.

4. Bell, David, and Mark Jayne. 2009. “Small Cities” Towards a Research Agenda.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 33(3) (September 2009), pp. 683-99.

Weeks 1 – 3: Other Recommended / Supplementary Readings

Alexander, Jeffrey C. 1987. Twenty Lectures. New York: Columbia University Press.

Brenner, Neil. 2009. Restructuring, Rescaling, and the Urban Question. Critical Planning 16 (Summer): 60-79.

Brenner et al. 2003. Debate in City and Community between Robert Beauregard, Neil Brenner, and others on the "Superlative City." In City & Community 2 (3): 183-199

Burke, Peter. 1992. History and Social Theory. Cornell University Press.

Camic, Charles and Neil Gross. 1998. Contemporary Developments in Sociological Theory: Current Projects and Conditions of Possibility. Annual Review of Sociology 24: 453-476.

Fainstein, Susan, and Scott Campbell. 2011. Introduction: Theories of Urban Development and their Implications for Policy and Planning. Readings in Urban Theory, 3rd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.

Gotham, Kevin. 2009. Urban Theory. Encyclopedia of Urban Studies. Edited by Ray Hutchison. Sage Publications.

Gouldner, Alvin. 1970. The Coming Crisis of Western Sociology. New York: Basic Books.

Jessop, Bob, Neil Brenner, and Martin Jones. 2008. Theorizing Socio-Spatial Relations. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 26: 389 – 401.

Kuhn, Thomas. 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lieberson, Stanley and Freda B. Lynn. 2002. Barking Up the Wrong Branch: Scientific Alternatives to the Current Model of Sociological Science. Annual Review of Sociology 28: 1-19.

Ritzer, George. 2011. Sociological Metatheorizing and a Metatheoretical Schema for Analyzing Sociological Theory (Appendix) in Sociological Theory, 8th Edition by George Ritzer. McGraw Hill.

Scott, Allen J. and Edward W. Soja. 1997. Introduction to The City: Los Angeles and Urban Theory at the End of the Twentieth Century. University of California Press.

Smith, R. G. and M. A. Doel. 2011. Questioning the Theoretical Basis of Current Global-City Research: Structures, Networks and Actor-Networks. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 35: 24–39.

Stinchcombe, Arthur. 1968. Constructing Social Theories. University of Chicago Press.

Turner, Jonathan H. 1987. Analytical Theorizing. Pages 156-194 In Anthony Giddens and Jonathan H. Turner (Eds.) Social Theory Today. Stanford University Press.

Social Work Debate on Theory in Social Work in response to Thyer 2001 (see Week 1)


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Gomory, T. (2001a). A Fallibilistic Response to Thyer's Theory of Theory-Free Empirical Research in Social Work Practice. Journal of Social Work Education 37(1): 26-50.

Thyer, Bruce A. 2001. Research on Social Work Practice Does Not Benefit From Blurry Theory: A Response to Tomi Gomory. Journal of Social Work Education 37(1): 51-66.

Gomory, T. (2001b). Critical rationalism (Gomory's blurry theory) or positivism (Thyer's theoretical myopia): Which is the Prescription for Social Work Research? Journal of Social Work Education 37(1): 67-79.

Munro, Eileen. 2002. Theory in Social Work Research: A Further Contribution. Journal of Social Work Education 38(3): 461-470.

Thyer, Bruce A. 2002. Popper, Positivism, and Practice Research: A Response to Munro. Journal of Social Work Education 38(3):471-474.

IB. THEORETICAL SCHOOLS / PERSPECTIVES

Wk 4 (9/22) Objectivism (Positivism) / Phenomenology Facilitators: Joel Devine & Fred Buttell

Both have their roots in philosophy, having developed as generally opposing epistemological positions regarding the creation of knowledge. Objectivism incorporates the theoretical supposition that there is a vantage point based in “objective reality” or abstract “truth” from which knowledge can be drawn; a world that exists outside and independent of individual mind or consciousness. Universal laws that transcend time and space govern that reality. Alternatively, Phenomenology incorporates the theoretical supposition that individuals construct reality as they act in the "lifeworld." Reality emerges from consciousness and develops as people interact with each other. Inasmuch as there is no objective reality to the lived world, which is too complex to be derived from general universal laws, the search for ontological “truth” is both formed in and revealed by the experiential realm of the senses.

Readings

1. Atherton, Charles. 1993. Empiricists versus Social Constructionists: Time for a Cease Fire. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services 74(10): 617-624.

2. Berger, Peter L. and Thomas Luckmann. 1967. “The Reality of Everyday Life”. Pp. 19-46 in The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Anchor Books.

3. Tiryakian, Edward. 1973. Sociology and Existential Phenomenology. Pp. 187-222 in Maurice Natanson, (ed.). Phenomenology and the Social Sciences, vol. 1. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

4. Burawoy, Michael. 1998. The Extended Case Method. Sociological Theory 16(1): 4-33. Other Recommended / Supplementary Readings

Positivist Epistemology & Critiques

Feyerabend, Paul. 1975. Against Method. London: New Left Books.

Hempel, Carl G. 1965. Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science. New York: Free Press.

Kaplan, Abraham. The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science. 1964. New York: Harper & Row.

Keuth, Herbert. 2004. The Philosophy of Karl Popper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kuhn, Thomas. 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd edition. University of Chicago Press.


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Lenzer, Gertude (ed.). 1975. Auguste Comte and Positivism: The Essential Writings. New York: Harper & Row.

Nagel, Ernest. 1961. The Structure of Science. New York: Harcourt Brace.

Natanson, Maurice (ed.). 1963. Philosophy of the Social Sciences. New York: Random House.

Popper, Karl. 1968 (1934). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York: Harper & Row.

Skinner, B.F. 1974. About Behaviorism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Watson, John B. 1913. “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It.” Psychological Review 20: 158-177. Accessed via internet: http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/views.htm

Phenomenology

Berger, Peter and Thomas Luckmann. 1967. The Social Construction of Reality. NY: Anchor Books.

Cicourel, Aaron V. 1964. Method and Measurement in Sociology. New York: Free Press.

Heidegger, Martin. 1971. Poetry, Language, Thought, trans. Albert Hofstadter. NY: Harper & Row.

Husserl, Edmund. 1965. Phenomenology and the Crisis of Philosophy. Translated with notes and an introduction by Quentin Lauer. New York: Harper Torchbooks.

Natanson, Maurice (ed.). 1973. Phenomenology and the Social Sciences. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

Schutz, Alfred. 1967. The Phenomenology of the Social World, translated by George Walsh and Frederick Lehnert. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

Schutz, Alfred. 1973. The Structures of the Life World. Translated by Richard M. Zaner and H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

Wk 5 (9/29) Pragmatism / Symbolic Interactionism / Social Constructionism Facilitator: Michele Adams

For some researchers, a theoretical approach grounded in pragmatism has seemed a promising direction, especially in the wake of theoretical anxiety or uncertainty associated with post-modernist disavowals of universal truths. Distinctions between what might be termed “neo-classical pragmatism” (for example, Peirce, Dewey, and James) of the early twentieth century and “neo-pragmatism” of the later twentieth century (for example, Rorty) are important.

Symbolic Interactionism is a micro-level, social-psychological theoretical perspective focusing on the emergence of meaning from actions and interactions of individuals. Meaning emerges from the mind of the individual and is socially constructed as people interact. The use of symbols, with language being the dominant symbol system, is imperative for interaction to occur. Thus, meaning and understanding between interactants occurs at the level of symbolic reality; individuals must interpret the symbols exchanged during interaction in order for them to collectively create meaning, understanding, and, thus, to effect communication. Reality, from this vantage point, is socially constructed.

Social Constructionism is an applied version of Phenomenology that explains how people develop their ‘lens’ or perspective on the world. It suggests that social interactions are at the core of how individuals interact with the world. Consequently, these interactions form the basis for both what an individual ‘knows’ and what they ‘believe’. This concept explains why objective truth is of less importance than subjective truth to people on a case-by-case basis. Their subjective experience forms the lens through which they view the world and is of greater personal importance and value to them than objective truth.

Readings

1. Charon, Joel. M. 2010. Symbolic Interactionism: An Introduction, An Interpretation, An Integration, 10th edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (Entire book)

http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/views.htm


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2. Jacobs, Keith, Jim Kemeny, and Tony Manzi. 2004. “Introduction.” Pp. 1-13 in Social Constructionism in Housing Research, edited by K. Jacobs, J, Kemeny, and T. Manzi. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

3. Kemeny, Jim. 2004. “Extending Constructionist Social Policy to the Study of Housing Problems.” Pp. 49-70 in Social Constructionism in Housing Research, edited by K. Jacobs, J, Kemeny, and T. Manzi. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

4. King, Peter. 2004. “Relativism, Subjectivity and the Self: A Critique of Social Constructionism.” Pp. 32-48 in Social Constructionism in Housing Research, edited by K. Jacobs, J, Kemeny, and T. Manzi. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

5. Thayer, H.S. 1973. “The Meaning of Pragmatism.” Pp. 215-227 in Meaning and Action: A Study of American Pragmatism. Indianapolis, IN: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc.

6. Travers, Max. 2004. “The Philosophical Assumptions of Constructionism.” Pp. 14-31 in Social Constructionism in Housing Research, edited by K. Jacobs, J, Kemeny, and T. Manzi. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

Other Recommended / Supplementary Readings

Collins, Randall. 1987. Interaction Ritual Chains, Power and Property. In Jeffrey C. Alexander (ed.), The Micro-Macro Link. University of California Press.

Foucault, Michel. 1972. The Archaeology of Knowledge; and the Discourse on Language, translated by A.M. Sheridan Smith. Pantheon.

Jacobs, Keith, Jim Kemeny, and Tony Manzi, eds. 2004. Social Constructionism in Housing Research. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

Lock, Andy and Tom Strong. 2010. Social Constructionism: Sources and Stirrings in Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press.

Mead, George Herbert. 1934. Mind, Self, & Society, edited by Charles W. Morris. University of Chicago Press.

Wk 6 (10/6) Human Development (Freud, Piaget, Maslow, Erikson, Kohlberg)

Facilitator: Fred Buttell

The concept of Human Development reflects the work of several developmental theorists (e.g. Freud, Erickson, Kohlberg), all of which view human functioning through the lens of developmental stages. These stages form an invariant sequence through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage, the person confronts, and hopefully masters, a new psychosocial crisis, by developing and employing new skills. Each stage builds on the successful completion of earlier stages. Consequently, failure to meet the challenges of any earlier stage creates problems or difficulties in the successful resolution of future stages.

Readings

TBD Other Recommended / Supplementary Readings

Carter, Betty and Monica McGoldrick. 1999. The Expanded Family Life Cycle: Individual, Family & Social Perspectives, 3rd edition. Allyn and Bacon.

Newman, Barbara M. and Philip R. Newman. 1995. Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach. Wadsworth.


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Feeney, J. A. 1999. Adult Romantic Attachment and Couple Relationships. Pp. 355-377 in Jude Cassidy & Phillip R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications. The Guilford Press

Comstock, Dana and D. Qin. 2005. Relational-Cultural Theory: A Framework for Relational Development Across The Life Span. Pp. 25-45 in Dana Comstock (Ed.) Critical Contexts That Shape Our Lives and Relationships. Thomson Brooks/Cole.

Greenfield, P. (2009). Linking Social Change and Developmental Change: Shifting Pathways of Human Development. Developmental Psychology 45(2): 401-418.

Cerulo, Karen (ed.). 2002. Culture in Mind: Toward Sociology of Culture and Cognition. Routledge.

Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1997. Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to Cognitive Sociology. Harvard University Press.

Wk 7 (10/13) Fall Break

Wk 8 (10/20) Systems Theory (Macro-Meso-Micro)

Facilitator: Fred Buttell

Broadly speaking, Systems Theory is the search for concepts that can be applied to understanding the structure and functioning of different entities and organizations. In this context, it relates to concepts that explain the connectivity between the individual (micro), his interpersonal relationships and family (mezzo) and his relationships with his community and its structures (macro). This model considers dysfunction the result of a myriad of reciprocal exchanges between the individual and these various layers of systems that initiate and sustain the dysfunctional relationship or behaviors.

Readings

1. Warren, Keith, Franklin, Cynthia, and Calvin L. Streeter. 1998. New Directions in Systems Theory: Chaos and Complexity. Social Work 43(4): 357-372.

2. Andrae, Dan. 1996. Systems Theory and Social Work Treatment. Chapter 25 (pp. 601-616) in Francis J. Turner (ed.), Social Work Treatment: Interlocking Theoretical Approaches, 4th edition. New York: Macmillan.


Carpenter, Lisa. 1996. Systems Theory and Social Work Practice. In Francis J. Turner (Ed.), Social Work Treatment. Free Press.

Rothery, M. 2008. Critical Ecological Systems Theory. Pp. 89-118. In N. Coady and P. Lehman (Eds.). Theoretical Perspectives for Direct Social Work Practice: A Generalist-Eclectic Approach. New York: Springer Publishing Company.

DeFrain, J. and S.M. Asay. 2007. Epilogue: A Strengths-Based Conceptual Framework for Understanding Families World-Wide. Marriage and Family Review 41(3/4).

Mangelsdorf, S. and S. Schoppe-Sullivan. 2007. Emergent Family Systems. Infant Behavior & Development 30: 60-62.

Wk 9 (10/27) Human & Urban Ecology (Environments: Natural, Social, Built)

Facilitator: Fred Buttell and Joel Devine


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Human ecology is the study of the human species and its interactions with its environment (natural, social and built). It recognizes that humans, like all organisms, both change their surroundings and are changed by their surroundings. Of particular interest here, are concepts like ‘adaptation’ and ‘goodness of fit’, as well as the intersection with Systems Theory described above.

Readings

1. Dear, Michael et al. 2002. Los Angeles School and Chicago School Debate. 2002. City and Community 1 (1): 5-57. (Six articles: Michael Dear, Andrew Abbott, Harvey Molotch, Robert Sampson, Saskia Sassen, and Terry Nichols Clark).

Overview of the Urban Sociological Ecological Approach 2. Berry, Brian and John D. Kasarda. 1977. The Ecological Approach. Chapter 1 (pp. 3-18) in

Contemporary Urban Ecology. New York: Macmillan.

3. Logan, John and Harvey Molotch. 2007 (1987). The Social Construction of Cities. Pp. 4-10 in Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Human Ecology from a Social Work Perspective

4. Gitterman, Alex. 1996. Advances in the life model of Social Work Practice. Chapter 16 (pp. 389-408) in Francis J. Turner (ed.), Social Work Treatment: Interlocking Theoretical Approaches, 4th edition. New York: Macmillan.

The New Urban Ecology

5. Grimm, N. B., S. H. Faeth, N. E. Golubiewski, C. L. Redman, J. Wu, and X. Bai. 2008. Global Change and the Ecology of Cities. Science 319: 756-760.


Gitterman, Alex and Carel B. Germain. 2008 (1996). Advances in the Life Model of Social Work Practice, 3rd edition. Columbia University Press.

Nicholls, W. J. 2011. The Los Angeles School: Difference, Politics, City. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 35: 189–206

Early Post-World War II Ecological Perspectives

Firey, Walter. 1945. Sentiment and Symbolism as Ecological Variables. American Sociological Review 10:140-148.

Form, William. 1954. The Place of Social Structure in the Determination of Land Use. Social Forces 32 (4): 317-23.

Hoyt, Homer. 1964. Recent Distortions of the Classical Models of Urban Structure. Land Economics 40: 199-212.

Ecological Perspectives (up through 1980s)

Hawley, Amos. 1984. Human Ecological and Marxian Theories. American Journal of Sociology 89 (4): 904-917.

Wilson, Franklin D. 1984. Urban Ecology: Urbanization and Systems of Cities Annual Review of Sociology 10: 283-307.

Contemporary Ecological Perspectives (social-ecological theories and theories of urban ecosystems)

Grimm, N. B., J. M. Grove, S. T. A. Pickett, and C. L. Redman. 2000. Integrated Approaches to Long-Term Studies of Urban Ecological Systems. BioScience 50: 571-584.

Hodson, M. and S. Marvin. 2009, ‘Urban Ecological Security’: A New Urban Paradigm?. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33: 193–215.


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Holifield, Ryan. 2009. Actor-Network Theory as a Critical Approach to Environmental Justice: A Case against Synthesis with Urban Political Ecology. Antipode 41 (4): 637-658.

Pickett, S.T.A., et al. 2001. Urban Ecological Systems: Linking Terrestrial, Ecological, Physical, and Socioeconomic Components of Metropolitan Areas. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 32: 127-57.

Pickett, S.T.A., M.L. Cadenasso, and J.M. Grove. 2004. Resilient Cities: Meaning, Models, and Metaphor for Integrating the Ecological, Socio-Economic, and Planning Realms. Landscape and Urban Planning 69:369-384.

Wk 10 (11/3) Neo-Marxism(s) Facilitator: Joel Devine

In dialogue with Marxian historical materialism, a diverse and often oppositional set of insights, sensibilities, orientations, and aesthetics emerged during the 20

th century, influencing many disciplines in the social sciences

and humanities. Several of these frameworks are considered in light of their ongoing analytical contributions to the understanding of city, culture, and community.

Readings: 1. Anderson, Perry. 1979. Considerations on Western Marxism. London: Verso. 2. Przeworski, Adam. 1977. Proletariat into a Class: The Process of Class Formation from Karl

Kautsky’s The Class Struggle to Recent Controversies. Politics and Society 7(4): 343-401

Wk 11 (11/10) Neo-Marxisms in American Sociology & Urban Studies

Readings

1. Burawoy, Michael . 1982. Introduction: The Resurgence of Marxism in American Sociology American Journal of Sociology 88 (Supplement): 1-30.

2. Devine, Joel A. 1983. Fiscal Policy and Class Income Inequality: The Distributional Consequences of Governmental Revenues and Expenditures in the United States, 1949-1976. American Sociological Review 48(5): 606-622.

3. Brenner, Neil. 2000. The Urban Question as a Scale Question: Reflections on Henri Lefebvre, Urban Theory, and the Politics of Scale. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 24(2): 361-378.

4. Manza , Jeff and Michael A. McCarthy. 2011. The Neo-Marxist Legacy in American Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology 37: 155-183.

Weeks 10 – 11: ‘Other’ Recommended / Supplementary Readings

Burawoy, Michael and Theda Skocpol (editors). 1981. Marxist Inquiries. American Journal of Sociology 88, supplement.

Gramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selections from the Prison Notebooks.

Habermas, Jurgen. 1971. Knowledge and Human Interest. Boston: Beacon Press.

-----. 1975. Legitimation Crisis. Boston: Beacon Press.

-----. 1984. The Theory of Communicative Action. Boston: Beacon Press.

Harvey, David. 1973. Social Justice and the City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins.

-----. 2001. Spaces of Capital: Towards a Critical Geography. New York: Routledge.

----. 2003. Paris: Capital of Modernity. New York: Routledge.


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Horkheimer, Max and Theodor W. Adorno. 1972 (1944) Dialectic of Enlightenment, translated by John Cumming. New York: Herder and Herder.

Jameson, Fredric. 1991. Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. New York: Verso.

Katznelson, Ira. 1981. City Trenches: Urban Politics and the Patterning of Class in the United States. University of Chicago Press.

-----. 1993. Marxism and the City. Oxford University Press.

Lefebvre, Henri. 1991 (1974). The Production of Space. Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell,

Lukàcs, Georg. 1972. History and Class Consciousness, translated by Rodney Livingston. London: Merlin Press.

Marcuse, Herbert. 1964. One-Dimensional Man. Boston: Beacon Press.

O’Connor, James. 1973. The Fiscal Crisis of the State. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Tabb, William, and Larry Sawers (editors). 1984. Marxism and the Metropolis: New Perspectives in Urban Political Economy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Thompson, E.P. 1966 (1963). The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Vintage.

Wright, Erik Olin et al. 1989. The Debate on Classes. New York: Verso.

York, R. and Mancus, P. 2009. Critical Human Ecology: Historical Materialism and Natural Laws. Sociological Theory, 27: 122–149

Week 12 (11/17) Urban Political Economy Facilitator: Joel Devine

Modern political economy takes a variety of forms (e.g., public choice, neo-Marxian) but common to all is the interdisciplinary focus on the interrelationships between political and economic processes. Emerging in the 1960s – owing to the rigorous separation of mainstream neo-classical economics and political science and their explanatory inadequacy in addressing the decline of American cities and subsequently broader issues of public policy and choice – the label of political economy is intentionally suggestive of the more holistic approach of pre-neoclassical economic analysts such as Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Karl Marx.

Readings

1. Goldsheid, Rudolf. 1958 (1917). A Sociological Approach to Problems of Public Finance. Pp. 202-213 in Richard A. Musgrave and Alan T. Peacock (eds.), Classics of the Theory of Public Finance. New York: Macmillan.

2. Logan, John and Harvey Molotch. 2007 (1987). Prefaces to 2nd edition, Chapters 1-3 and 5 (pp. vii-xxv, 1-98, 147-199) from Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place. Berkeley: University of California Press.

3. Alt, James E. and Shepsle, Kenneth A. (eds.) 1990. Preface (pp. 1-5) Perspectives on Positive Political Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

4. Ordeshook, Peter C. 1990. The Emerging Discipline of Political Economy. Chapter 1 (pp. 9-30) in Alt and Shepsle (eds.) 1990. See above.

5. Brenner, Neil and Nik Theodore. 2002. Cities and the Geographies of “Actually Existing Neoliberalism”. Chapter 1 (pp. 2-32) in Spaces of Neoliberalism: Urban Restructuring in North America and Western Europe. Blackwell Publishing.

6. Scott, Alan J. 2000. The Cultural Economy of Paris. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research 24(3): 567-582.


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Brenner, Neil and Nik Theodore (eds.). 2002. Spaces of Neoliberalism: Urban Restructuring in North America and Western Europe. Blackwell Publishing.

Buchanan, James M. and Richard A. Musgrave. 1999. Public Finance and Public Choice: Two Contrasting Visions of the State. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Castells, Manuel. 1983. The City and the Grassroots. Berkeley: University of California.

Gotham, Kevin Fox. 2009. Creating Liquidity out of Spatial Fixity: The Secondary Circuit of Capital and the Subprime Mortgage Crisis. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research 33(2): 355–71.

Gottdiener, Mark. 1994. Social Production of Urban Space, 2nd Edition. University of Texas Press.

Gottdiener, Mark and Joe Feagin. 1988. The Paradigm Shift in Urban Sociology. Urban Affairs Quarterly 24 (2): 163-187.

Jonas, Andrew and David Wilson. 1999. The Urban Growth Machine: Critical Perspectives Two Decades Later. SUNY Press.

Molotch, Harvey. 1996. LA as a Design Product: How Art Works in a Regional Economy. Pp. 225-275 in Alan J. Scott and Edward W. Soja (eds.), The City: Los Angeles and Urban Theory at the End of the Twentieth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Pahl, R. E. 1989. Is the emperor naked? Some questions on the adequacy of sociological theory in urban and regional research. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research 13 (4): 709-720.

Scott, Alan J. 1997. The Cultural Economy of Cities. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research 21(2): 323-339.

Storper, Michael. 2001. The Poverty of Radical Theory Today: From the False Promises of Marxism to the Mirage of the Cultural Turn. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research 25 (1): 155-179.

Positive PE, Public Choice

Alt, James E. and Shepsle, Kenneth A. (eds.) 1990. Perspectives on Positive Political Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Buchanan, James M. and Gordon Tullock. 2010 (1962). The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy. Liberty Fund, Inc.

Buchanan, James M. and Richard E. Wagner. 1977. Democracy in Deficit: The Political Legacy of Lord Keynes. Academic Press.

Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Harvard University Press.

Tullock, Gordon. 1967. The Welfare Costs of Tariffs, Monopolies, and Theft. Western Economic Journal 5(3): 224–232.

Wk 13 (12/1) Emancipatory / Critical / Empowerment Theories Facilitator: Fred Buttell with Sally Kenney et al.

Each of these theoretical orientations is critical of society and the structures that oppress particular groups of people. In the social sciences, Critical Theory emerged in the early 20

th century from the Frankfurt School.

Critical race theory, feminist theories, and post-colonial theories are among the more recent theories that address the oppression of certain groups and their impediments to emancipation. Critical theories tend to move beyond critique to incorporate activism and change with the intent to emancipate or liberate people oppressed by these structures. “Modernist” critical theory has been differentiated from “post-modernist” critical theory, with the former tending to see specific social structures as oppressive and in need of dismantling, while the latter tends to be more tentative about assigning oppression to particular social structures, seeing oppression as ubiquitous and amorphous (for example, the work of Foucault). In the latter


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case, it is more difficult to “deconstruct” oppression, which may lie in representations and significations rather than structures.

Readings

1. Lee, Judith A. B. 1996. The Empowerment Approach to Social Work Practice. Chapter 10 (pp. 218-249) in Francis J. Turner (ed.), Social Work Treatment: Interlocking Theoretical Approaches, 4th edition. New York: Macmillan.

2. Brenner, Neil. 2009. “What is Critical Urban Theory?” CITY 13(2-3): 198-207.

3. Agger, Ben. 1991. Critical Theory, Poststructuralism, Postmodernism: Their Sociological Relevance. Annual Review of Sociology 17: 105-131.

4. TBD


Hall, Stuart. 1994. Culture/Power/History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Cloward, Richard A. and Frances Fox Piven. 1974. The Politics of Turmoil. NY: Pantheon.

Piven, Francis Fox and Richard A. Cloward, Richard A. 1971. Regulating the Poor: The Functions of Public Welfare. NY: Pantheon.

----------. 1977. Poor People's Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail. NY: Pantheon.

Smith, Dorothy. 1991. The Conceptual Practices of Power: A Feminist Sociology of Knowledge. Northeastern.

Collins, Patricia Hill. 2000. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment, 2nd edition. NY: Routledge.

Horkheimer, Max and Theodor W. Adorno. 1972 (1944) Dialectic of Enlightenment, translated by John Cumming. NY: Herder and Herder.

Witkin, Robert. 2000. “Why Did Adorno ‘Hate’ Jazz?” Sociological Theory 18(1): 145-170.

Gotham, Kevin. 2007. Critical Theory and Katrina: Disaster, Spectacle, and Immanent Critique. City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action 11(1): 81-99.

Wk 14 (12/8) Modernity / Post-Modernity (Modernism / Postmodernism; Structuralism / Post-Structuralism;

Fordism / Post-Fordism)

Facilitators: Carol Reese

A conceptual dichotomy that incorporates, while moving beyond, a historical temporalization. Emerging from the Enlightenment, the concept of modernity signified the shift from religious, faith-based beliefs to science, logic, and reason as the foundation of knowledge. Modernity engaged the Enlightenment belief in progress and the objective basis for knowledge that can be accessed by way of scientific research. It welcomed “grand theory” and grand theory’s totalizing explanations, including a belief in unity, unified identity, and structures of hierarchy. Post-modernity, on the other hand, evolved historically in the early to mid-twentieth century as a move away from objectivity and absolutes toward subjectivity and relativism, generally advocating deconstruction of the ideas inherent in modernity.

Readings (final determination pending)

1. Appiah, Kwame Anthony. 1992. “The Postcolonial and the Postmodern” (pp. TBD) In My Father’s House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture. London: Methuen.

2. Baudrillard, Jean. 1988 (1986). Selections (pp. TBD) from America, translated by Chris Turner. New York: Verso.


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3. -----. 1982. “The Beaubourg-Effect: Implosion and Deterrence,” October 20 (Spring): 3 - 13, trans. Rosalind Kraus and Annette Michelson

4. -----. 1995. Selections (pp. TBD) from Simulacra and Simulation, translated by Sheila Faria Glaser. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Press.

5. DeBord, Guy. 1995. Chapter 2, “The Commodity as Spectacle”, (pp. TBD) in The Society of the Spectacle, translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. New York: Zone Books.

6. Fanon, Frantz. 1968. “On National Culture” and “The Pitfalls of National Consciousness,” pp. TBD in The Wretched of the Earth, translated by Constance Farrington. New York: Grove Press.

7. Harvey, David. 2001. Chapters 1-4 (pp. 3-89) in Spaces of Capital. New York: Routledge.

8. Jameson, Fredric. 1994. Part Three, “The Constraints of Postmodernism” (pp. 129-208) in The Seeds of Time. New York: Columbia University Press.

9. Lefebvre, Henri. 1991. Chapter 2, “Social Space” (pp. 68-168) in The Production of Space, trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

10. Mitchell, William John Thomas. 1992. Postcolonial Culture, Postimperial Criticism. Transition 56: 11–19.

11. Short, John Rennie. 2006. Chapter 3, “Theorizing the Postmodern City” (pp. 42-57) in Urban Theory: A Critical Assessment. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

12. Atherton, Charles R. and Kathleen A. Bollard. 2002. Postmodernism: A Dangerous Illusion for Social Work. International Social Work 45(4): 421-433.


Modernity (ism) / Post-Modernity (ism)

Antonio, Robert. 1998. Mapping Postmodern Theory. In What is Social Theory? The Philosophical Debates, edited by Alan Sica. Wiley-Blackwell.

Baudrillard, Jean. 1988. Simulacra and Simulations. Pp. 166-184 in Jean Baudrillard: Selected Writings, edited and introduced by Mark Poster. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

Clarke, David B. 2003. Consumer Society and the Postmodern City. New York: Routledge.

Eco, Umberto. 1987. Travels in Hyperreality, translated by William Weaver. Pan Books.

Giddens, Anthony. 1987. Structuralism, Post-structuralism and the Production of Culture. Pp. 195-223 in Anthony Giddens and Jonathan H. Turner (Eds.) Social Theory Today. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

Habermas, Jürgen. 1989. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, translated by Thomas Burger with the assistance of Frederick Lawrence. MIT Press.

Harvey, David. 1989. The Condition of Postmodernity. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.

Jameson, Fredric. 1991. Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. New York: Verso.

Mirchandani, R. 2005. Postmodernism and Sociology: From the Epistemological to the Empirical. Sociological Theory 23: 86–115.

Watson, Sophia and Katherine Gibson (editors). 1995. Postmodern Cities and Spaces. Wiley-Blackwell.

Zukin, Sharon. 1992. Postmodern Urban Landscapes: Mapping Culture and Power. In Modernity and Identity, edited by Scott Lash and John Friedman. New York: Blackwell.

Post-Structuralism


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Foucault, Michel 1985/6. Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias,” Lotus 48: 9-17.

Virilio, Paul. 1991. The Overexposed City. Pp. 9-27 in Lost Dimension, translated by Daniel Moshenberg. Semiotext.

Tentative Topical Schedule for Second Semester (CCCC 7150) IIC. KEY CONCEPTS

Week 1 City

Week 2 Culture

Week 3 Community

Week 4 Subject / Object

Week 5 Structure(s)

Week 6 Agency

Week 7 Cases

Week 8 Time

Week 9 Space & Place

Week 10 Global-Local

Week 11 Markets & Networks

Week 12 The “Everyday”

Wk 13-14 Planning, Policy, and Programs

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