causes of the civil war
DESCRIPTION
Causes of the Civil War. State’s Rights. -Federalism -system of multiple governments in order to give more localized decision making power - 10th Amendment -all powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states and people. Slavery. -pro-slavery -anti-slavery - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Causes of the Civil War
State’s Rights
-Federalism-system of multiple governments in order to give more localized decision making power
-10th Amendment-all powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states and people.
Slavery
-pro-slavery
-anti-slavery
-opposed growth of slavery
Nullification
-Sedition Acts-Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
-Tariff laws1828 Tariff Crisis
-Slavery issues-southern threats to nullify any anti-slavery laws
Nullification
-Sedition Acts-Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
-Tariff laws1828 Tariff Crisis
-Slavery issues-southern threats to nullify any anti-slavery laws
Sectionalism
-issues become more and more regional in nature
-slavery, tariffs, economics
-industrial north
-agricultural south
Compromise of 1820
-drew a line to determine the future areas of slavery
-solved the slavery debate for about 20 years
Compromise of 1850
-Wilmot Proviso tried to block slavery in old Mexican areas but is defeated in Congress
-California applies for statehooddebate begins and Clay organizes compromise
-California admitted as free state
-South gets stronger Fugitive law
-Popular Sovereignty to help decide future cases of slavery
Underground Railroad
-many early attempts at escape relied on luck
-network of anti-slavery advocates who helped slaves escape
-many times slaves needed to get to Canada to be totally free
-Harriet Tubman
Fugitive Slave Law
-allowed slave catchers to go into free areas and capture runaway slaves
-made it a crime to help any runaway
-suspected slaves need not be given a trial or a chance to testify
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
-Harriet Beecher Stowe
-depicted evil side of slavery to the public
“Uncle Tom”
“Simon Legree”
-1852, sold over a million copies
Kansas-Nebraska Act
-1854--popular sovereignty passed as law in 1850 compromise to determine slavery
-rush to populate state with “voters” for each side
-”bleeding Kansas”slavery and abolitionist forces resort to violence
-A fight in the U.S. Senate Preston Brooks v.Charles Sumner
Dred Scott v. Sanford-Scott is a slave
-he is taken into free states
-sues for freedom based on NW Ordinance and Missouri Compromise
-Supreme Court (majority of southern justices) rules:Blacks are not citizensCan’t ban slavery
Missouri Comp. is illegal
Development of Republican Party
-Slavery had come to dominate the differences in the parties
-by 1850 the differences had peaked so that anti-slavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free-Soilers formed a new anti-slavery party
-official party policy was to oppose the growth of slavery where it did not exist.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
-Senate race in 1858Stephen Douglas (Dem), Abraham Lincoln (Rep.)
-debate over slavery issuesneither man wanted slavery in the area, but how to do it?
-Douglas issues Freeport DoctrineSlavery needs certain laws in order to exist. Don’t pass those laws and there will be no slavery
-Douglas wins the election, Lincoln gains national fame
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
-Senate race in 1858Stephen Douglas (Dem), Abraham Lincoln (Rep.)
-debate over slavery issuesneither man wanted slavery in the area, but how to do it?
-Douglas issues Freeport DoctrineSlavery needs certain laws in order to exist. Don’t pass those laws and there will be no slavery
-Douglas wins the election, Lincoln gains national fame
John Brown’s Raid-John Brown was an extreme
abolitionist
-captured Harper’s Ferry military installation in Virginia with intent to arm slaves
-surrounded and forced to surrender
-Brown found guilty at trial and then hanged--becomes a martyr for many abolitionists
-Many Southerners thought Brown represented northerners who wanted to control the southern lifestyle and economy
Southern Secession-1860 election
-slavery divided the parties-Lincoln pledges to stop spread of slavery but not to interfere with the south
-Douglas got support of Northern Democrats
-John Breckinridge got southern Democrats
-John Bell nominated by Constitutional Union Party
Lincoln’s Election
-Lincoln wins election with no southern electoral votes
-Southern states secede in fear of gov’t where they have no voice -S.C. first to secede, 6 others follow
- Confederate States of America formed before Lincoln takes office-Jefferson Davis elected Confederate President