Cause

connection

consequence

effect

factor

impact

influence

origin

outcome

reason

relationship

Result

To causeTo contribute

To create

To lead to

To play a part in

To result from

To affect

To attribute to

To be associated with

To be responsible for To blame

To bring about

To result in

Because of + Cause

Due to +cause

On account of +cause

Thanks to +cause

As a result of +cause

As + cause

Because + cause

Since + cause

If + cause

So +cause

So + cause… that + effect

As a result + effect

For this reason + effect

Therefore + effect

Hence + effect

Consequently + effect

Thus + effect

As a result + effect

For this reason + effect

Therefore + effect

Hence + effect

Consequently + effect

Thus + effect

• In the following sentences, do the following three steps: (1) circle the Cause and Effect Markers;

• (2) highlight each cause and mark it with a “C; (3) underline each effect and mark it with an “E”.

• A great deal of pollution is caused by power plants that produce electricity by burning coal.

• Because of a severe storm in the area, our plan was three hours late taking off.

• The prices of new cars are forcing many people to keep their old cars longer than they used to.

• On account of the bad weather, the baseball game has been canceled. • The police have identified a number of factors that contribute to traffic

accidents, including alcohol, speeding, and mechanical failure.

• A lack of rain is creating problems for farmers. Their crops are not growing well.

• In the late twentieth century, there was an enormous increase in the percentage of female students in U.S. medical schools and law schools. This was partly due to a change in society’s attitude toward women.

• In the 1990s, world oil prices fell and stayed low. This brought about an improvement in the economies of countries that import oil.

• Some human diseases have been associated with chemicals in the environment.

• Two months ago, a large factory closed down. This result in fifteen hundred people losing their jobs.

• Immediately after the Titanic sank, newspapers ______________ the ship’s owners for the disaster.

• Most experts agree that a number of ______________ played a part in the sinking of the Titanic in 1912.

• In 1940, only 15 percent of married women in the United States had jobs outside the home. By 1980, the figure had risen to over 50 percent. To what can we ______________ this major change in women’s lives?

• Some diseases – for example, AIDS – are often associated with people’s behavior. Therefore, a basic question for preventive medicine is this: How can we ______________ changes in behavior?

Attribute blamed bring about consequencescontributed to factors lead to link responsible for thanks to

• Research has shown that alcohol is ______________ a large number of traffic death.

• ______________ advances in medical science, diseases that used to kill millions of children a year are no longer a danger in many countries.

• The talks between the employees and the company are continuing. Both sides hope that the discussions will

• ______________ a satisfactory agreement. • Improvements in diagnosis and treatment have

______________ the falling death rate from cardiovascular disease.

• Actions can have ______________ we don’t intend. For example, we used DDT to kill harmful insects, but then the pesticide entered the food chain and killed birds and animals.

• Research has shown the ______________ between smoking and increased risk of heart disease.