castrol lubes
DESCRIPTION
castrolTRANSCRIPT
Basics on lubricants
COMPOSITION OF OIL
BASE OIL + ADDITIVES
• Additive is a substance added to base oil to enhance or prolong its performance
Why a plain Mineral oil won’t suffice ???
External Environment
Friction Wear
What The Oil Must Do- Lubricate -
Base Oil
Antioxidants, antifoamAnti-wear
Dispersants
Detergents
VI Improvers
Ingredients of an Engine Oil
Base oils : 70 – 90 %
Types : Mineral and Synthetic
Additives :
Performance chemicals blended with base stocks to Boost or Suppress or add new property to the base oil
What are Additives ???
Lubricant additives
DETERGENTS
Function : • high temperature deposit control • Neutralize acids• rust inhibitor• e .g. Sulphonates , Phenates , Salicylates of Ca, Mg and
other metals
Lubricant additives
DISPERSANTS
Functions• Controls engine sludge• Prevents soot agglomeration and oil
thickening• Controls engine varnish
e.gSuccinimides (mono,bis) , manich type etc
Lubricant additives :Antioxidant and antiwear additives
Antioxidants :–Controls oxidative decomposition of oil–Minimizes oil thickening
e.g. Hindered phenols , Dithiophosphates etc
Antiwear additives
-reduces wear between contacting surfaces e.g. Thio phosphates ( ZDP) , Sulphurised olefins etc
Lubricant additives :VI improver & PPD
• VII : • Reduces the rate of change of oils viscosity with
temperature.• e.g. PMA , PIB , OCP etc
• PPDs :• Lowers pour point• Prevents interlocking • e.g.:PMAs , Poly alkyl fumarates
Lubricant additives : FMs
• Function : Reduces friction between contacting surfaces
• e.g. : fatty acid compounds with polar ends , Graphite MoS2 dispersions
• Other additives :
• Corrosion inhibitors , rust inhibitors , Metal deactivators , anti foams etc
Lubrication Points in an Engine
Camwear
Valve Train Wear
Cylinder Bore Polish
Sludge
Piston Deposits
Piston Rings Sticking
Filter Choking
Bearing Corrosion
Oil Thickening
COMPOSITION OF OIL
ADDITIVES• DETERGENTS• DISPERSANTS• CORROSION INHIBITORS• ANTIWEAR ADDITIVES• VISCOSITY IMPROVER• POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS• EXTREME PRESSURE (EP) ADDITIVES
DETERGENT
• A substance added to a fuel or lubricant to keep engine parts clean. In engine oil formulations, the detergents most commonly used are metallic soaps with a reserve of basicity to neutralise acids formed during combustion.
DISPERSANT
• An additive which helps keep solid contaminants in a crankcase oil in colloidal suspension, preventing sludge and varnish deposits on engine parts. Usually non-metallic (ashless), and used in combination with detergents.
CORROSION INHIBITOR
• Additive for protecting metal surfaces from chemical attack by water or other contaminants.
ANTI-WEAR ADDITIVE
• Additives or their reaction products which form thin, tenacious films on highly loaded parts to prevent metal-to-metal contact.
VISCOSITY IMPROVER
• Lubricant additive, usually a high molecular weight polymer, that reduces the tendency of an oil's viscosity to change with temperature.
POUR POINT DEPRESSANT
• Additive used to lower the pour point or low temperature fluidity of a petroleum product.
EP ADDITIVE
• Lubricant additive that prevents sliding metal surfaces from seizing under conditions of extreme pressure.
API Classifications
• CA• CB• CC• CD• CD II• CE• CF• CF 2
C - COMPRESSION IGNITION• Light Duty• From 1949 moderate duty• Moderate to severe duty• Severe duty turbo / supercharged• Detroit Diesel• From 1984 - severe duty turbocharged - SHPD• To replace CD• From 1993 - Detroit Diesel - to replace CD II
API Classifications
• CF 4
• CG 4
• High performance diesel engine oil - oil consumption control
• Severe duty diesel engine oil - to meet exhaust emission standards
US Military Specifications
• MIL-L-2104A From 1940• MIL-L-2104B From 1958• MIL-L-2104C From 1970, similar to
combination of API CD & SD
• MIL-L-2104D From 1983, similar to combination of
API CD & SE
US Military Specifications
• MIL-L-2104E From 1990, will meet requirements of
API SF
• MIL-L-2104F From 1994, contains more advanced
API specifications
ROLE OF ENGINE OIL
• LUBRICATION
• CLEANING
• PROTECTION
• COOLING
• SEALING
LUBRICATION
• OIL FORCES ITSELF BETWEEN MOVING METAL SURFACES AND KEEPS THEM APART
CLEANING
• COMBUSTION ENGINE PRODUCE CONTAMINANTS LIKE VARNISH & LACQUERS
• DETERGENTS CLEAN AWAY HIGH TEMPERATURE DEPOSITS
• DISPERSENTS KEEP INSOLUBLES SUSPENDED
PROTECTION
• PROVIDES A DURABLE FILM PROTECTING METAL PARTS FROM WATER & ACIDS FORMED DURING COMBUSTION PROCESS
COOLING
• CIRCULATING OIL CARRIES HEAT AWAY FROM HIGH TEMPERATURE AREAS
SEALING
• TO PREVENT BLOW-BY, OIL ACTS AS SECONDARY SEALANT
Viscocity factors
ADVANTAGES OF MULTIGRADE OILS
• Seasonal Oil Changes Eliminated• Easier Starting Plus Good Anti Wear Performance• Pump ability• Reduced Oil Consumption• Reduced Fuel Consumption• Better Bearing Lubrication• Engine Cleanliness
Gear Oil SpecificationsAPI Type Application
GL-1 Straight mineral oil
Automotive manual truck tranmissions (needing no EP additives)
GL-2 Contains friction modifiers-fatty material
Automotive worm gear drives, used where GL-1 not sufficient
GL-3 Contains mild EP additive
Moderately severe manual transmissions and spiral bevel axles (FWD)
GL-4 Contains EP additive usually 50% of GL-5
Hypoid gears in manual transmissions and transfer cases, high speed low torque and low speed high torque operating conditions
GL-5 High EP additive level
Hypoid gears in manual transmissions and rear axles - high speed shock loads,high speed low torque and low speed high torque operating conditions.