case study on tds and indirect potable reuse: using tds
TRANSCRIPT
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Case Study on TDS and Indirect Potable Reuse: Using TDS Mass Balances to Determine Surface Water Augmentation LimitationsDavid Jackson, P.E., BCEE, Freese and Nichols, Inc.
Nick Landes, Ph.D., P.E., Freese and Nichols, Inc.
James Randell, City of Cleburne
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Project DriversWastewater
Plant Capacity Expansion
Meet Water Supply
Demands
Maintain Water Quality Goals
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Project Driver: WWTP Expansion Timeline
City has Exceeded the 75% Capacity
Limit (5.6 MGD)
Projected to Exceed 90% by
2022 and must be in construction of additional WWTP
capacity (6.75 MGD)
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Project Driver: Leverage Expansion for Water Supply
Need additional Water Supply by
2022
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Salt may be concentrated by several factors.
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Typical Salt Accumulation in a Municipal System
Water Treatment
Plant
Water Resource Recovery Facility
Water Treatment
Plant
Wastewater Treatment
Plant
“De Facto” TDS Cycle Reuse TDS Cycle
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Cleburne
How the Salt Piles in
High-TDS River Basin
High-TDS Groundwater
Industrial Contribution
Indirect Potable Reuse
Industrial Reuse
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Cleburne was an early adopter of reuse, and now looks to expand the practice.
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Dealing with Outfall Limits
Outfall 001 – 10/15/3 mg/LOutfall 003 – 5/5/1.9 mg/L
No current Nutrient Limit
Potential TDS Limit
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Approach for Evaluating Impact of Reuse
1. Develop Water Demand
Projections
2a. Fill the Supply Gap
3. Are Water Quality Goals
Met?2b. Treatment
Alternatives
Adjustments
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1. Water Demand Projections
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GD
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Existing Raw Water Supply
Existing Industrial Reuse
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2a. Fill the Supply Gap
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Proposed IPR (Phase 1)
Proposed IPR (Phase 2)
Existing Raw Water Supply
Existing Industrial Reuse
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3. Are Water Quality Goals Met?
Ground Water (GW)
Domestic Chemicals
Evap
ora
tio
n
WTP Distribution
Treated Water
Source 1
Irrigation & Losses
Collection
Collection System
Chemicals
WWTP
WWTP Chemical Addition
Industry 1 (High TDS
Discharger)
General Industry
(Remaining Industries)
Industry 2 (Cooling Water User)
Lake
Water Loss, Export,
Pretreatment
Chemical Addition
Water Loss, Export,
Pretreatment
Chemical Addition
Chemical Addition
Water Loss, Export,
Pretreatment
Raw Water Source 1
Raw Water Source 2
Runoff and Inflow
Lake
O
verf
low
&
See
pag
e
IPR Outfall
Creek
WTP Chemical Addition
Treated Water
Source 2
Traditional Outfall
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3. Are Water Quality Goals Met?
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Max
IPR
Flo
w, M
GD
flo
w a
t w
hic
h T
DS
limit
is e
xcee
ded
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1. Adjust Demand Assumptions
Industrial Demand Safety
Factor
20%
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Max
IPR
Flo
w, M
GD
flo
w a
t w
hic
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DS
limit
is e
xcee
ded
What if Industrial Growth Isn’t as High?
10%
0%
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Rainfall
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Max
IPR
Flo
w, M
GD
flo
w a
t w
hic
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DS
limit
is e
xcee
ded
1. Adjust Demand Assumptions
What if it is wetter / drier than normal?
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0%
33%
66%
% Industry Effluent Pretreated
100%
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2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Max
IPR
Flo
w, M
GD
flo
w a
t w
hic
h T
DS
limit
is e
xcee
ded
2b. Treatment Alternatives
What if Industrial Pretreatment Occurred?
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2a. Adjust Supply
New Raw Water Source
• Similar TDS as Current
• High Yield
• High Cost
New Groundwater Source
• Higher TDS than Current
• Low Yield
• Low Cost
New Treated Water Source
• Out-of-Basin Low TDS Water
• High Yield
• Moderate Cost
What if different Source Waters Were Used?
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Cleburne Identified a Win/Win Solution
• City needed to fill water supply gap
• City needed to expand WRRF
• TDS limited reuse aspirations
• Solutions to manage TDS limitations were found• Expansion of existing WRRF to supply
reclaimed effluent to reservoir
• Industrial pretreatment of two industries to reduce TDS throughout system
• Lower TDS water from out-of-basin planned
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Reuse Requires Thinking of the InterconnectedWater System
Questions?Nick Landes, Ph.D., P.E.
[email protected](817) 735-7571
David Jackson, P.E., [email protected](214) 217-2257