case study india national population policy
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Family Planning In
India
• High proportion of its population in agriculture (62%)
• Many areas are classified as rural & remote
• Avg income: low (US$290 per capita)
• Hi BR: 31/1000
• Fertility rate=4
• Population has doubled from 431,463 000 in 1960 to 1, 014,003 800 in 2000
• It may overtake China in the next half century
Case Study: India
• Current Population of India in 2012 -1,220,200,000 (1.22 billion)
• Total Male Population in India -628,800,000 (628.8 million)
• Total Female Population in India -591,400,000 (591.4 million) Sex
• Ratio 940 females per 1,000 males
• Age structure 0 to 25 years - 50% of India's current population
• Currently, there are about 51 births in India in a minute.
• Population of India in 1947 - 350 million
• India's Population in 2001 - 1.02 billion
• India's Population in 2011 - 1.21 billion
• Although, the crown of the world's most populous country is on China's head for decades,
• …India is all set to take the numero uno position by 2030.
• With the population growth rate at 1.58%, India is predicted to have more than 1.53 billion people by the end of 2030.
Reasons to control population:
• A quickly regenerating population exacerbates shortages of food and water
• the nation’s long-term growth will be hampered by a less healthy therefore less productive work force,
• greater demand for natural resource consumption,
• a higher level of environmental degradation resulting from such consumption.
Realizing these consequences...
• Since 1950s - India has been implementing official family planning programs to curb population growth.
• However, India’s population has more than doubled since those days (from 431,463,000 in 1960 to 1,014,003,800 in 2000)
• current projections predict that India has a good chance of overtaking China as the most populated country in the world within the next half century.
India’s rate of population growth is actually decreasing...but..
• In 1991 India’s annual population growth rate was 2.15% and by 1997
• this figure dropped to 1.7%, which indicates that India is indeed making some progress.
• While this may be true, most evidence would suggest that the country’s policies have been largely ineffective
• changes must be made to prevent further problems resulting from overpopulation.
So where did India’s efforts fall short?
• Education regarding temporary methods of contraception was neglected in favor of encouraging sterilization.
• Government agencies would have sterilization quotas to fill among the employees, and the inability to meet them was sometimes met with withheld salaries.
• Workers were often rewarded with a radio or television if they successfully convinced enough people to opt for the surgery.
• At its worst, India’s policy included declaring a state of emergency in 1976 and implementing forced sterilization in poor neighborhoods.
• When applying for government loans, or jobs people were told that their chances of receiving such aids would be increased if they could produce a certificate of sterilization.
India - Family Planning
• Efforts at population control -in the end successful.
• Some states of India eg Kerala barely produce enough growth to maintain the existing population levels.
• India tried unsuccessfully in the 70s to use compulsory sterilisation, one of the causes for Mrs Gandhi's defeat at the polls in 1977.
• Source: http://www.colby.edu/personal/t/thtieten/Famplan.htm