Case Study 2. AF Exper iences in

Yontan County

Somaechon: 5 SLUGs in 2010, 1 in 2013

Waegol: 6 SLUGs in 2011, 1 in 2013 formed

CFMB

Forest: 64.2% of county area40% of the forest destroyed and degraded during the past 20 years

Main causes of destruction & degradation:

Excessive logging for timber and firewood

Clearing for crop cultivation

SLUGs organized and AF introduced in Somaechon, Waegol, and Ongjanggol where population is dense and forest severely destroyed

Agroforestry proved viable and extended during the last 3 years.Currently, there are 63 SLUGs (20 SLUGs involved in project activities) which have introduced agroforestry.

Ongjanggol: 2 SLUGs in 2012

B r i e f I n t r o d u c t i o n

Songjugri: 5 SLUGs formed in 2013

Yontan County is highly dependent on forest resources.

Many economy forests have been created and local industry developed based on them in the past.

Aggravating economic conditions such as shortage of food and fuel, over-exploitation of forest resources, and natural disasters such as torrential rain and typhoons destroyed and degraded many forests.

Br ie f In t roduc t ion

Aims of Agroforestry To afforest deforested mountains and build economy forests in the county in a short period of time thereby activating local economy and improving livelihood.

Create economy forests tailored to the County conditions and ensure the production of raw materials needed for economic development and livelihood improvement.

Solving food issues as well as planting trees.

Importantly

Improvement of AF awareness

Agroforestry awareness Visits to Suan county, Learn experiences Explanation and publicity technology extension

Model creation Model SLUGs: group 1, 2, 6 Maintain uniqueness

Selection of demonstration sites, organization of SLUGs

Selection of demonstration sites

Densely populated and severely

deforested area

Areas that can have immediate

benefits from AF

SLUG organizationPrimarily hillside land

users(particularly women)

On voluntary basis

10 people manage 10ha of land

Guidance to SLUG

Participate with a sense of being land owner

everything though group discussion Meet scientific and technical requirements cross-visits, techniques study, consulting with

experts Promote creativity experience exchange, make use of local

knowledge Most importantly to ensure tangible benefits, setting examples

Various themes according to the SLUGs’ demands and yearly plan Land use plan formulation SLUG nursery setup and management Seedling production Nutrition propagation (grafting, cutting …) Tree planting and growing Vegetative belt formation Crop cultivation techniques Soil erosion, flood control Appropriate water usage Structure design and construction

Technical dissemination as a primary work

Different methods• In-door lectures• Field lectures• Transfer of

technology, exercise

• Experience exchange

• cross-visits• Technical service

Advanced crop cultivation techniques

- Variety of crops: Cultivated over 10 crops i.e. maize, potato,

upland rice, soy, red pepper, peanut, sweet potato etc

- Crop rotation: Maize sweet potato peanut,➡ ➡

Maize upland rice red pepper…➡ ➡

- Double cropping, mixed croping: potato + upland rice, potato + maize, wheat, barley + maize … - organic farming, landcare techniques: organic fertilizer, contour line tillage,

mulching, non-tillage…

SLUG members

CFMB

TechniciansNPFG

Forest Rangers

Participatory Land Use Planning

In a participatory way

Key Indicators used in Land Use Planning

Issues to be considered in

SLM

➡ Standards and indicators

➡ Basic data

Topography altitude gradeability terrain

bearings jurisdiction

Population (number & location) people livestock wild life

Climate temperature precipitation light intensity & day length

humidity wind growth period

Society organizations and goals resources needs

Soil fertility soil texture soil depth pH

fertility moisture organic matter

Economy investment sale price transportation costs

Water upper ground (river & streams, spring, well, reservoir etc.) underground (quality & quantity)

Infrastructure traffic (road, vehicles) Market

Land classification and land use land classification land use environmental requirements for crop and land use

Institutional and legal aspects stakeholders – roles and data relevant policy and regulation

Zoning for land use:

Conservation and

reforestation area (3)

Fuelwood area (3)

Agroforestry area (4)

(Alley cropping <3>,

Green belt <1>)

Soil protection area

Conservation and reforestation

Fuelwood

Structural protection measure

Cooperative farmland

Agroforestry

Forest

Fuel wood

Tree planting on the mountaintop

•Larch, pine, etc.

on the steep slopes•black locust, etc.

Natural regeneration Conservation/Protection

A/Re-forestation

Structural & nonstructural measures

Check dams

Agroforestry Structural protection

Life-fencing

Stone-terracingBuilding contour strips

Planting economic valuable trees on contour strip

Food production and Income generation

Agro-forestry

Crop diversification and crop rotation: maize, bean, sweet potato, groundnut, upland rice, millet, red pepper, sesame, red-bean,etc.

Double cropping : early potato + upland rice, winter wheat + maize

Livestock : pigs, rabbits, goats, ducks, chickensFish farming: carpsFruit processing: aronia fruits Greenhouse: seedlings, vergitables

Trees + crops + Fodder/Livestock

Map of current land use

Map of land use plan

Protected forest

Agroforestryarea

Cooperative farm

Residential area

Pasture area

Fuel wood area

Fuel woodarea

Forest/planting 5000 larch

Agroforestry/ pine+ upland

rice Agroforestry/ fruit tree+

sweet potatoAgroforestry / aronia + maize

Firewood / planting 10,000 black locust

Structural protection measures

Demonstration, extension, SLUG expansion Good extension base

• Develop new technology• Application• Extension• Lectures and cross-visits

3 model SLUGs• Group 2, Changmae-ri• Group 6, Changmae-ri• Group 12, Up-ri

County level• 5 demonstration lectures• 20 SLUGs for the project• 63 SLUGs• Convert into county-level work

Results of introducing agroforestryLand & water protection - Green belt formation: along contour line trees and fodder grass - Erosion control: checkdam, soil-protection dam,

irrigation canals etc stone terraces where there are

many stones - Water tank: rain and underground water various types of water tanks - For many use: drinking, irrigation, stable…

Effective against flood and drought!

Soil erosion control measures

Contour-lined vegetative strip

Live-fencing

Check-dam

Biophysical measuresContour-lined vegetative strip, contour farming, non-tillage,

intercropping, crop rotation, mulching, etc.

check-dam, stone terrace, dykeStructural measures

- Vegetative strip and contour farmingalong contour-line at regular intervals

Results of introducing AF

Increased gross crop output - Reduction of damages

pest damages, repeated cropping

damages,

reduced loss owing to damages

- small investment, large

production

saving fertilizer, seed, manpower

gross output increased by 1.7~2

times

Food issue solved, increased income!

Results of introducing AFStockbreeding - Fodder issue solved: fodder grass such as orchard grass

from greenbelt, byproducts like rice chaff, silage (winter feed) etc. - Increased number of domestic

animals - Manure to the field

Improved diet,High income sources,

Cyclic production system

Results of introducing agroforestryForest recovery - Seedling production: SLUG’s nursery specialized seedling production

- Species improvement: familiar with grafting and cutting techniques increased income from superior species

- Tree planting and management: mountaintop-larch,pinus rigida… grass belt- pine, evodia, seabuckthorn,… ensure 85% survival rate

- Ensure firewood - Forest protection, natural regeneration

From destroying the forest to building the forest!

• Material supportMolding machine, greenhouse, tiller, cement, plastic sheet, fertilizer, sunshade, small farm tools, working garments, seeds, seedlings etc.

Capacity buildingNursery modernization, natural disaster prevention, land protection, tree management …

- Technology and methods that suit one’s own conditions should be

developed.Technical study should be strengthened & traditional local knowledge should be

properly combined.

Various farming methods such as crop diversification, crop rotation and double cropping

should be widely applied.

(It reduces damages from continuous cropping, pest and natural disasters and ensures high and

secure production.)

A lot of compost should be produced and applied to the land.

(Domestic animal keeping is good for the production of organic manure fertilizer.)

Cash crops such as bell flower and medicinal herbs should be grown on the shaded land

where grains cannot be cultivated.

Trees of good species should be planted and they should be bred into superior species.

(Farmers can now manage with grafting and cutting by themselves without help of experts).

Experience & Lessons

- Land protection measures should be taken.Vegetative belts along the contour lines should be made properly and

managed well. (fodder grass grown on the vegetative belts → livestock feeding

→ improvement of food quality → organic manures → soil fertility).

Land should be ploughed along the contour line.

Structures such as check-dams and live fencing should be built on

erosion-prone spots.

Experience & Lessons

Land protection is an important and patriotic work not only for oneself but

also for fatherland !

Conclusion

Agroforestry integrates livelihood improvement and

forest management in mountainous areas

Agroforestry makes the local people to be the leading

figures in afforestation and forest management

Forest ranger’s skills are essential in introducing

agroforestry

Land belongs to the future!

Thank You!

Let us live not merely for today but for tomorrow!