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331

A

Aboriginal stories, 64, 193, 194–98, 201

Acapulco, 11

accretionary wedge, 76, 89, 96, 97, 179

Aceh province, xvi, 99

Aceves, Richard, 252

Adak Island, 148, 149, 151, 152, 157

Adams, John

Alpine (New Zealand) fault, 19,

106–8

earthquake history of CSZ, 18, 19, 21,

107, 108–9, 111, 113, 118, 119,

120, 127, 135, 136, 139, 191, 221,

223, 224–25, 226, 227

episodic tremor and slip (ETS), 262

locked tectonic plates debate, 107, 118

Mexico City earthquake of 1985, 19

mountain-tilting paper, 20, 109, 111,

113, 118, 120, 127, 135, 136

turbidite-landslide debate, 108, 111,

120, 135, 136, 139, 191, 221,

223–25, 226, 227

Washington Public Power Supply

System (WPPSS), 118–19, 120

aftershocks, 6, 44, 51, 71, 163, 195, 231,

252, 256

Alaska (see Adak Island; Anchorage;

Kodiak; Palmer; Prince William

Sound; Valdez)

Alaskan earthquake and tsunami of

1964

aftershocks, 44, 51

Alberni Inlet, 30

Anchorage, 30, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46

angle of fault debate, 44–54, 66–67,

70–72

Bamfi eld, 30

Benioff , Hugo, 49–50, 54

casualties, xvii, 36, 39–40

compared with 1906 California earth-

quake, 39

compared with Chilean earthquake of

1960, 39

damage caused by, xvii, 36–37, 39–41,

44

INDEX

Index332

epicenter, 38, 45, 51

eyewitness accounts, 31–35, 36, 41

Grantz, Arthur, 43

magnitude, xvii, 38–39

Meishusan Maru, 30, 31, 36

Montague Island, 45

Plafker, George, 43–47, 48, 53–54, 59,

63, 127, 165

Prince William Sound, 38, 42, 45,

46, 50

seismogenic zone, 181

tsunami reaches Crescent City, 36, 66

tsunami strikes Port Alberni, 29–31,

34–37

Turnagain Heights, 41, 44

USGS fi eld investigation, 43–51

Alaska Standard, 41

Alaska Tsunami Warning Centers, 149,

182

Alberni Inlet, 30, 117, 137, 279

Albert Head GPS monument, 214–18

Aleutian Islands, 49, 148, 149, 172, 184,

203

Aleutian Trench, 46, 51

Allen, Clarence, 71

Alpine (New Zealand) fault, 19, 106–8

Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning

Act, 68, 76

American Geophysical Union (AGU),

70, 118–19, 135, 177

Anchorage, 148, 149, 181, 212

Alaskan earthquake of 1964, 30, 38,

39, 40, 41, 44, 46

Anchorage Daily News, 149

Ando, Masataka

aseismic debate, 72, 84–86, 87, 109,

119–20, 131–32

locked tectonic plates debate, 110,

119–20, 126, 128, 130

Andreanof Islands earthquake and

tsunami of 1986, 148–53, 157

Adak Island, 148, 149, 151, 152, 157

Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, 149

magnitude, 148

Naval Air Station on Adak Island, 148


70–72, 77, 83

animal behavior, 236, 237, 238–39, 247

antinuclear activists, 74

Applegate, Bruce, 190

Arcata, 61, 63, 64, 66, 68, 73, 77, 165

aseismic subduction, 18, 105, 110, 111,

118, 122, 164, 205

aseismic zones, 8, 9, 11, 86, 87

asperities, 27, 155, 167, 180, 191

Astoria, 102, 151, 152

Astoria Bridge, 151–52

Astoria Canyon, 104

Atomic Energy Commission (AEC),

65, 74 (see also Nuclear Regulatory

Commission)

Atwater, Brian

crustal compression, measuring,

126–33, 137, 154–55

date and time of last CSZ quake, 205

earthquake history of CSZ, 126–33,

135–36, 137, 139, 140–42, 143,

148, 154, 177, 191, 192, 194, 198,

199, 201, 205, 210–11

ghost forest discovery, 126, 131, 132–

33, 140–42, 199, 200, 209–11, 229

locked tectonic plates debate, 126–27

Monmouth conference, 135–37

orphan tsunami research, 205–7, 211

B

Bakun, William

explanation of Richter scale, 22

Index 333

fi rst offi cial prediction experiment in

U.S., 22

fi rst offi cial USGS seismic predic-

tion, 23

Parkfi eld earthquake prediction ex-

periment, 26–27, 249–50, 259

prediction debate, 23

threat of great subduction quake on

Juan de Fuca plate, 22

Balazs, Emery

aseismic debate, 72, 84–86, 87, 109,

131–32

locked tectonic plates debate, 110,

126, 130

Balch, Billy, 194, 195

Bamfi eld, 30, 196, 197

Banda Aceh, xxi, 96, 208, 285, 294

Barclay Canyon, 224

Barker, Doug, 294–95

bathymetry, 62, 97, 171, 271, 278, 279,

289, 290 (see also computer models

of tsunamis)

Beijing, 234, 237–38, 247

Benioff , Hugo, 48–50, 53, 54

Benioff zone, 83

Benning, Jerry, 182–83, 186, 275

Bernard, Eddie

comparing Cascadia event with

Katrina, xxi

computer models of a Cascadia tsu-

nami, 168–71

computer models of Sumatra tsunami

of 2004, 271–73

raising public awareness, 273–74, 285,

317–18

Sumatra 2004, response to, 270

tsunami warning systems, 184, 186,

188, 274

Big One, xvii, 23, 280, 282, 283, 284, 299

blind fault, 243

Bobrowsky, Peter, 137, 192

Bodega Head, 65, 66

Bolt, Bruce, 67

bottom pressure recorder (BPR), 186–87

British Columbia (see Alberni Inlet;

Bamfi eld; Campbell River; Cape

Scott; Port Alberni; Tofi no; Ucluelet;

Vancouver; Vancouver Island;

Victoria)

British Columbia’s Provincial Emer-

gency Program (PEP), 35

building codes, 14, 15–16, 252, 286,

296–99, 310

Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault

Zoning Act, 68, 76

Large-Scale Earthquake Counter-

measures Act, 253

quake eff ects on tall buildings, Seattle

study, 296–99

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of

America, 122

Burke, Bud, 137, 143–46

C

caldera, 89

California (see Arcata; Bodega Head;

Cape Mendocino; Coalinga;

Crescent City; Eureka; Ferndale;

Humboldt Bay; La Jolla; Los An-

geles; McKinleyville; Menlo Park;

Oakland; Parkfi eld; Paso Robles;

Petrolia; Sacramento; San Francisco;

Santa Cruz; Sylmar)

California Institute of Technology

(Caltech)

Benioff , Hugo, 49–50, 54

Earthquake Engineering Research

Laboratory, 296–97

Index334

Heaton, Tom, 121–24, 129, 131–32,

135–39, 143, 145, 194–95, 201,

296–98

Jing Yan, 296–99

Kanamori, Hiroo, 86, 122–23, 137, 201

Press, Frank, 50–51, 66–67, 70–71, 77

camera, high-speed, 289

Campbell River, 157

Cao Xianqing, 234–35, 236, 237,

239–40, 241–42, 245–46, 264

Mr. Earthquake, 235

Cape Aonae, 171

Cape Disappointment, 101, 147

Cape Flattery, 130, 194–95

Cape Mendocino

angle of fault debate, 67, 154

Cascadia Subduction Zone, xviii, xix,

63, 65, 67, 73, 144, 154, 225, 228,

230

Mendocino Triple Junction, 63, 65, 67

San Andreas fault, xix, 62, 63, 65, 67

San Francisco earthquake of 1906, 62

turbidite-landslide debate, 225, 228,

230

westernmost point of land, 62

Cape Mendocino earthquakes of 1992

aftershocks, 163

Carver, Gary, 164–65, 166–67

casualties, 164

Crescent City, 164, 167

CSZ, 164, 167

damage caused by, 162, 164

Dengler, Lori, 162–64, 165–67, 168

epicenters, 163, 165

eyewitness account, 162–63

Ferndale, 161, 162, 163

ground displacement, 164, 165

magnitude, 163

main shock, 163

NOAA’s reaction, 167–68, 170, 285

Petrolia, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168,

170, 171, 285

signifi cance, 167

subduction zone, 165–66

tsunami, 164, 167

Cape Scott, 152

Caribbean plate, 310

Carver, Deborah, 195

Carver, Gary


68–69, 73–74, 77, 87, 137, 143–44,

154, 165–66, 191

“decades of terror” scenario, 154, 155,

156, 166, 177, 191

earthquake history of CSZ, 69,

70, 72–74, 77, 87, 137, 143–46,

154–56, 165–67, 177, 191, 192,

201

experience of Cape Mendocino earth-

quakes of 1992, 164–65

PG&E nuclear power plant, 69,

74–75, 87

Cascade Arc, 80

Cascadia earthquake and tsunami of

1700

Aboriginal stories, 64, 193, 194–98,

201

date and time confi rmed by scientists,

205

estimate of magnitude, 204

ghost forest, discovery of, 126, 140,

141, 142, 155, 192, 198–99, 209,

210, 229


projected wave height, xx, 208

speed of tsunami crossing ocean, 204

Cascadia fault (see under Cascadia Sub-

duction Zone)

Index 335

Cascadia Region Earthquake Work-

group (CREW), 307–8

Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ)

Cascadia fault, x, xii, xvii, xviii, xx,

xxi, xxii, 18, 63, 80

comparison of Cascadia, Alaska and

Chile subduction zones, xvi–xvii,

7, 19, 22, 42, 59, 60, 70, 71, 72, 77,

80, 86, 122, 127, 133, 136, 138,

143, 165, 201, 311

comparison of Cascadia and San

Andreas faults, xvii, xix, 138

creation of Cascade Arc of volcanoes,

80

CSZ quake compared with Hurricane

Katrina, xxi, 314

date and time of last Cascadia earth-

quake, 205

earthquake triggering, xiii, xix, 262,

263

extended timeline of CSZ events, 230,

231–32, 234

fi rst offi cial announcement of Casca-

dia quake threat, 18, 21, 130

ghost forest, discovery of, 126, 140,

141, 142, 155, 192, 198–99, 209,

210, 229

Juan de Fuca Subduction Zone, 63,

85, 122–23

orphan tsunamis, 202–4, 207, 208,

209, 211

parallels between Alpine and Casca-

dia faults, 108–9

Queen Charlotte fault as segment of

CSZ, 83, 231

recurrence interval for CSZ earth-

quakes, xviii, 228

relationship between San Andreas

and Cascadia faults, 232–33

seismogenic zones, 177–78, 179, 181

size and location, xvii

Central Aleutians Seismic Network, 149

Melbourne, Timothy, 181, 295

Chairman Mao, 236, 244, 245

Chilean earthquake of 1960

aseismic question, 19, 42

Bakun, William, 22

Benioff , Hugo, 49

casualties, xvi–xvii, 71, 184, 204

computer model, 311

eyewitness accounts of tsunami waves,

175

fault controversy, 71–72

ground displacement, 71–72, 86, 127,

165

magnitude, xii, xvi, 7, 22, 39, 310

main shock, 71, 72

new South American fault, 49

Plafker, George, 70, 71–72

seafl oor spreading, 59

signifi cance, 7

subduction zone, 86, 122, 138

tsunami casualties, xvii, 71, 204

tsunami wave height, 207

Wang, Kelin, 311

Chilean earthquake of 2010, 310–11

casualties, 310

computer models, 311

ground displacement, successful pre-

diction of, 311

magnitude, xii, 310

new building codes, 310

public awareness, 311

subduction zone, 310

Wang, Kelin, 311

China syndrome, 64

China Syndrome, Th e (fi lm), 176

Christchurch earthquake of 2011, xii, 311

Index336

casualties, 311

magnitude, 311

Clague, John, 137, 192

Coalinga earthquake of 1983, 250 (see

also Bakun, William; Lindh, Allan)

magnitude, 250

Coast Range Mountains, 85, 86, 102,

110, 113, 178, 280

mountain-tilting paper (Adams), 20,

109, 111, 113, 118, 120, 127, 135,

136

Cocos Island, 271

Cocos plate, 19, 59

Collins, Tom, 73–74, 143

Columbia Bar, 102

Columbia basin, 104

Columbia River, 78–79, 88, 100, 101–2,

103, 132, 141, 147, 226

computer models of tsunamis, xx, 167,

285, 288, 295, 311, 317 (see also ba-

thymetry; wave tank experiment)

Goldfi nger, Chris, 290, 293

Heaton, Tom, 296–99

Jing Yan, 296–99

Lynett, Patrick, 289–90, 291–93

Titov, Vasily, 169–76, 188, 269,

270–73, 275–76, 278, 290

continental displacement (see continental

drift debate)

continental drift debate, 8, 45, 49,

53–58, 77, 80, 113, 215 (see also plate

tectonics debate)

convection cell, 56, 57, 59, 63

convergent plate boundary, 60

Copalis River, 125, 126, 132, 140, 142,

198, 210

Corcoran, Patrick, 280

demonstration of Seaside evacuation

route, 280–81, 284

disaster preparedness, 281–84, 314,

317

wave tank experiment, 288, 291

Corvallis, 96, 134, 136, 288, 293

Cox, Dan, 288–91

Crater Lake, 89, 226 (see also Mount

Mazama)

creepmeters, 25, 256, 258

Crescent City tsunami of 1992

wave height, 164


damage caused by, 275

eyewitness accounts, 274–75

Crosson, Robert, 83, 109, 128–29

CSZ (see Cascadia Subduction Zone)

Cultural Revolution, 235–36, 243

D

damage caused by earthquakes and tsu-

namis (see under specifi c events)

fi res, 3, 41, 160, 162, 171, 206, 207,

244, 255, 287

Darienzo, Mark, 137

Dashiqiao, 236, 239, 241, 242, 243, 246

“decades of terror” scenario, 154, 155,

156, 166, 177, 191

deep-ocean buoys, 150, 182, 186–88,

274, 275, 282–83, 285, 311

Dengler, Lori

earthquake history of CSZ, 62, 65,

162–64, 165–66, 167

experience of Cape Mendocino earth-

quakes of 1992, 162–64, 165–66,

167

NOAA pays attention to CSZ,

167–68

PG&E nuclear reactor, 65


raising public awareness, 285, 314–17

Index 337

Simeulue Island story, 315–17

Tilly Smith story, 315

Dennis, Robert, 197–98

detection equipment

bottom pressure recorder (BPR), 186

creepmeters, 25, 256, 258

seismographs, 14, 38, 75, 185, 186,

219, 236, 256, 258

seismometers, 44, 188, 255, 259, 261

tiltmeters, 258

tsunameters, 186–87, 188

DeVall, Ron, 15–17

documentaries

Quake Hunters, 196

ShockWave, 61, 116, 231, 289, 313

Douglas, Robb, 3–4, 6–7, 15

Dragert, Herb

crustal compression, measuring, 115,

117–18, 124, 129, 156–58, 178,

213, 214

earthquake history of CSZ, 157

earthquake triggering, 262

episodic tremor and slip (ETS),

215–19, 258, 260, 262

locked subduction zone debate, 157,

218

locked tectonic plates debate, 118

Plate Boundary Observatory project,

261

silent slip, 215, 218

Wilson, J. Tuzo, 115, 118, 157

E

Earthquake Engineering Research

Laboratory, 296–97

Earthquake Prediction and Public Policy,

235 (see also prediction debate)

Earthquake Research Institute ( Japan),

253

earthquake triggering, xiii, xix, 231–32,

262, 263

EarthScope, 259–60


259–60, 261

SAFOD project, 258–59

USArray, 259

van der Vink, Greg, 260

East Pacifi c Rise, 59

Eel River, 166

elastic rebound hypothesis, 249

“Elvis” fault, 190, 225

epicenters, 27, 38, 45, 51, 163, 165, 178,

179, 181, 185, 243, 255, 315–16

episodic tremor and slip (ETS)

Adams, John, 262

Dragert, Herb, 215–19, 258, 260, 262

Goldfi nger, Chris, 261–62, 263

Rogers, Garry, 219–20, 258, 260, 261,

262–63

silent slip, 215, 217, 218

Wang, Kelin, 217–18

Eureka, xix, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66

new faults discovered, 73, 77, 143

nuclear power plant, 65, 66, 68, 77

Ewa Beach, 184

Explorer plate, 82, 156

eyewitness accounts

Alaskan earthquake and tsunami of

1964, 41

Cape Mendocino earthquakes of

1992, 162–63

Chilean tsunami of 1960, 175

Crescent City tsunami of 1964, 36

Crescent City tsunami of 2006,

274–75

Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, 313

Kuril Islands earthquake of 2006,

274–75

Index338

Mexico City earthquake of 1985, 3–4,

6–7

Port Alberni tsunami of 1964, 31–35

F

false alarms, dealing with, 153, 183,

184–86, 234, 238, 239, 254, 280

fault plane solution, 50

faults

active, 65

blind, 243

defi nition of, 8

“Elvis,” 190, 225

Hayward, xii, xx

Jinzhou, 237, 243

Queen Charlotte, 83, 231

strike-slip, 71, 191

subduction, ix, 19

thrust, 72, 73, 80, 87, 137, 165, 166

Wecoma, 190

Federal Emergency Management

Agency (FEMA), xxi, 183–84, 187,

285

Jonientz-Trisler, Chris, 183–84

Ferndale, 62

Ferndale earthquake of 1975, 161, 162,

163

threat to PG&E nuclear power plant,

74, 143

fi lms

Th e China Syndrome, 176

It’s a Wonderful Life, xv

Krakatoa, 153

Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR),

120

fold and thrust belt, 62, 76

Forbes, Yvonne, 32

foreshocks, 237, 245, 247, 248–49, 252,

256 (see also episodic tremor and slip)

fractures (see faults)

Fritts, Stephanie, 147–48, 150–53,

182–83, 185, 186, 275

full margin rupture, xviii, 177, 232, 290

G

Gaetz, Simon, 32–34

Gaetz, Yvette, 32–34

Gang of Four, 245–46

Geller, Robert J., 244, 250–52

Geodolites, 115, 213

Geological Society of America (GSA)

meetings, 39, 143, 201

Geological Survey of Canada (GSC)

Adams, John, 18–21, 107–9, 111, 113,

118–20, 127, 135–36, 139, 191,

221, 223–27

Dragert, Herb, 115, 117–18, 124, 129,

156–58, 178, 213–19, 258, 260–62

Hyndman, Roy, 84, 156, 178–80, 295

Mazzotti, Stéphane, 262

Riddihough, Robin, 84

Rogers, Garry, 13, 19–21, 128–29,

156–58, 178, 181, 196, 219–20,

258, 260–63, 277

Schmidt, Mike, 113–17, 213, 311

Wang, Kelin, 156, 178–81, 217–18,

234, 238, 241, 244–49, 264–65,

295, 311

Weichert, Dieter, 14–15, 17–18, 21,

130

Geological Survey of Japan

Satake, Kenji, 200–9, 211

Geology, 108

geometric discontinuity, 27

Geos, 157–58

ghost forests, discovery of, 141, 192

Copalis River, 126, 140, 141, 142, 155,

192, 198–99, 209, 210, 229

Index 339

Glacial Lake Missoula, 104

Golden Gate Bridge, 160

Goldfi nger, Chris

earthquake history of CSZ, 97, 98,

100, 101, 190–91, 224, 225, 226,

228–32, 263, 276–77

earthquake triggering, 231–32, 263


261–62, 263

locked zone debate, 191

mud-core sampling, 96, 97–98, 100,

221–22, 225, 228, 229, 276

oilfi eld technology techniques, 96,

100, 226, 227, 229

prediction debate, 230, 234, 263–64

recurrence interval for CSZ earth-

quakes, xviii, 228

relationship between San Andreas

and Cascadia faults 232–33

research cruises, 96–98, 100–101, 190,

221, 223–24, 225–26, 228, 230

research cruise to Sumatra, 96, 221

turbidite-landslide debate, 96, 97–98,

100–101, 105–6, 108, 221–31

turbidite timeline, 230, 231–32

using computer models to test ideas,

290, 293

wiggle-matching, 226–27

Good Friday earthquake of 1964 (see

Alaskan earthquake of 1964)

Gorda plate, 63, 67, 77, 80, 82, 83, 154,

156, 164, 166

Gorda Ridge, 63

Grant, Wendy, 193

Grantz, Arthur, 43

Grays Harbor, 119, 132, 140, 141, 152, 155

great earthquakes, defi nition, 22

Griggs, Gary, 103, 105, 106, 108, 120,

133, 135, 139, 221, 222, 223

ground displacement (see under specifi c

events)

Gu Haoding, 237–38

Gutenberg, Beno, 48

H

Haicheng earthquake of 1975, 56 (see

also Tangshan earthquake of 1976)

animal behavior, 236, 237, 238–39,

247

Cao Xianqing, 234–35, 236, 237,

239–40, 241–42, 245–46, 264

casualties, 243, 244, 245, 246

China’s seismic prediction program,

234, 235, 236, 237, 238–39, 244,

246, 247

Cultural Revolution, 235–36, 243

damage to buildings, 243

Dashiqiao, 236, 239, 241, 242, 243,

246

economic loss, 243

epicenter, 243

evacuation, 234–35, 241, 245–46

foreshocks, 237, 245, 247, 248–49

Gang of Four, 245–46

ground displacement, 237, 243

groundwater fl uctuations, 236, 237,

239, 240, 247

Gu Haoding, 237–38

Jinxian Observatory, 237

Jinzhou fault, 237, 243

population, 243

Shipengyu Earthquake Observatory,

239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246

skeptics, 234, 235, 244

Wang, Kelin, 234, 238, 241, 244, 245,

246–47, 248–49

world’s fi rst successful prediction and

evacuation, 246

Index340

Yingkou County, 234–35, 236, 237,

239, 240, 241, 243, 245, 246

Zhu Fengming, 240–41

Haitian earthquake of 2010, 310

Harper, Bob, 279

Harris, Grady, 274–75

Hartzell, Stephen, 137, 138, 139, 143,

145, 201

Hawaii

Ewa Beach, 184

Hilo, 11, 153, 184, 313

Hayward fault, xii, xx

Heaton, Tom

CSZ compared to other subduction

zones, 121–24, 129, 131–32, 135,

137–39, 143, 145, 194–95, 201

locked tectonic plates debate, 139

locked zone debate, 297, 299

quake eff ects on tall buildings, Seattle

study, 296–99

Heiken, Grant, 90

Heritage Research Associates, 193

Hilo, 11, 153, 184, 315

Hilo tsunami of 1946, 184, 315

Himalayas, 57, 178, 237

Hokkaido, 171, 172, 173

Hokkaido earthquake of 1993, 171–72

Hull, Don, 135

Humboldt Bay, 61, 137, 154, 155, 191

nuclear power plant, 64–66, 68, 69,

73–76, 77, 80–81, 87, 119, 143

Humboldt State University (HSU)

Burke, Bud, 137, 143–46

Carver, Gary, 68–70, 72–75, 77, 87,

137, 143–46, 154–56, 164–67,

177, 191–92, 201

Dengler, Lori, 62, 65, 162–68, 264,

285, 314–17

Stephens, Tom, 68–69, 73, 75

Huu-ay-aht people, 197–98, 201

Hyndman, Roy, 84, 156, 178–80, 295

I

Ilwaco, 147

Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004

Aceh province, xvi, 99

Banda Aceh, xxi, 96, 208, 285, 294

casualties, xvi

computer models of, 269–73, 275, 293

Langi village, 316

Phuket, xvi, 208, 294, 315

projecting Sumatra-size waves for

Cascadia, xx, 313

Simeulue Island, 315–16

wave heights, xvi, xx

insurance, 257

International Association of Geodesy,

156

inundation zones, 188, 208, 278, 279,

281, 284, 285, 290, 294, 295, 311

Israel, Bill, 143–46

It’s a Wonderful Life (fi lm), xv

J

Jackson, David, 251

Japan, xi

Earthquake Research Institute, 253


historical earthquake and tsunami

records, 201–11

Hokkaido, 171, 172, 173

Kikuchi, Masayuki, 253

Kuwagasaki, 206

Large-Scale Earthquake Counter-

measures Act, 253

Mogi, Kiyoo, 254–55

Nankai Subduction Zone, 155

Nankai Trough, 85, 86, 122, 208

Index 341

Obara, Kazushige, 218–19

orphan tsunamis, 202–4, 207, 208,

209, 211

prediction research program, 253–55

Satake, Kenji, 200–209, 211

Shimazaki, Kunihiko, 202

Tanabe, 208

Tokai Gap, 251, 253–54, 286

Tsuji, Yoshinobu, 202

Ueda, Kazue, 202

vertical evacuation shelters, 285–86

Jing Yan, 296–99

Jinxian Observatory, 237

Jinzhou fault, 237, 243

Johnston, David, 78

Jonientz-Trisler, Chris, 183–84

Journal of Geophysical Research, 177

Juan de Fuca plate, 18, 19, 22, 23, 63,

80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 97, 103,

104, 105, 109, 110, 111, 128, 135,

166, 191, 225, 261

Juan de Fuca Ridge, 59, 60, 61, 63, 73,

82, 83, 88, 180

Juan de Fuca Subduction Zone (see

Cascadia Subduction Zone)

K

Kagan, Yan, 251

KAL fl ight 007, 212

Kanamori, Hiroo, 86, 122–23, 137, 201


Kobe earthquake of 1995

prediction debate, 251, 254, 255

Kodiak, 41, 151

Krakatoa, 90

Krakatoa (fi lm), 153

Kulm, LaVerne (Vern), 100–101, 103, 105,

106, 108, 120, 133, 135, 139, 221–23

Kuril Islands, 86

Kuril Islands earthquake of 1994, 182

Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, 182

evacuation controversy, 182

Kuril Islands earthquake of 2006,

274–75

damage caused in Crescent City, 275

eyewitness accounts, 182, 274–75

model of tsunami waves, 274

Kuwagasaki, 206

L

La Jolla, 39

Landers earthquake of 1992

aftershocks, 231


triggering study, 231–32

landslides (see turbidite-landslide

debate)

Langi village, 314

L’Aquila earthquake of 2009

Major Risks Committee, 309


Large-Scale Earthquake Countermea-

sures Act, 253

Lassen Peak, 80

Lence, Barbara, 294–95

Lichtie, Rich, 24–26

Lindh, Allan


U.S., 22


tion, 23

Parkfi eld earthquake prediction ex-

periment, 23–24, 26–27, 249–50,

259

prediction debate, 256–58

Lisowski, Mike, 110, 156

Little Cholame Creek, 25

Little Salmon fault, 73–77, 143, 144

Index342

Little Salmon River, 63

Living with Earthquakes in the Pacifi c

Northwest (Yeats), 134, 190

Lo, Robert, 16

locked tectonic plates debate, 84–87,

107, 109–11, 118, 120, 127, 129, 139,

155

locked zone debate, 156, 157, 177–78,

179–81, 191, 218, 219, 261, 262, 295,

297, 299

Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989,

158–60, 164, 251

Long Beach Peninsula, 147, 151, 152

Los Alamos Scientifi c Laboratory, 90

Los Angeles, xvii, xix, 9, 24, 68, 138, 257

Lost Coast, 161, 163

Lynett, Patrick, 289–90, 291–93 (see also

Titov, Vasily; wave tank experiment)

M

Mad River, 63, 68, 73, 75, 137

magnetic anomalies, 236, 237

magnitudes, earthquake, 22, 38–39, 204

(see also seismographs; seismometers)

(see under specifi c events)

moment magnitude scale, 39

Richter scale, 4, 22, 38–39, 250

main shocks, 71, 149, 256

Major Risks Committee (Italy), 309

Makah people, 194–95, 201

Maldives, 271, 292

mantle, earth’s, 55, 63, 261

Manzanillo, 11

Marianas Trench, 56, 58, 123

Mazama ash, 89–90, 100, 105, 222, 223

Mazzotti, Stéphane, 262

McCaff rey, Robert, 191

McEvilly, Tom, 249

McKinleyville, 63, 73, 162

Meishusan Maru, 30, 31, 36

Melbourne, Timothy, 181, 295

meltdown, 64, 76

Mendocino Triple Junction, 63, 65, 67

Menlo Park, 21, 22, 24, 26, 43, 67, 231

Mexico City earthquake of 1985, 29,

149, 164

Acapulco, 11

aftermath, 3–4, 6–7, 10

aftershocks, 6

aseismic debate, 6, 8, 9, 12, 17–20

building code, 15–17

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

TV crew, 3–4, 6–7, 15

casualties, xvii

city built on a lakebed, 15–16, 297

Cocos plate, 19

compared with Juan de Fuca plate, 22

compared with Chilean earthquake of

1960, 22

damage caused by, xvii, 16, 17

damage to tall buildings, 6, 7, 10–11,

15–17, 139

Devall, Ron, 15–17

epicenter, 181

felt zone, 9

ground displacement, 11

implications of Seattle study of tall

buildings, 296–99

Lo, Robert, 16

Manzanillo, 11

Michoacán fault, 6, 8, 9, 10

recent history of earthquakes here, 7

Rogers, Garry, 13, 19

tsunami, 11

Weichert, Dieter, 14–15, 17–18

what Canadian scientists learned from

this quake, 13–21, 130

Zihuatanejo, 11

Index 343

Michoacán fault, 6, 8, 9, 10

Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 57, 58

military, 43, 44, 56, 212 (see also police;

sheriff ; U.S. Coast Guard; U.S. Navy)

national guard, xxi, 305

Minor, Rick, 193

Mitchell, Clifton, 155

moderate earthquakes, defi nition, 22


moment magnitude scale, 39

momentum fl ux, 292

Montague Island, 45

Moore, Chris, 173–75

Mount Adams, 80

mountain-tilting paper

Adams, John, 20, 109, 111, 113, 118,

120, 127, 135, 136

Reilinger, Robert, 109, 111

Mount Baker, 80

Mount Everest, 178

Mount Garibaldi, 80

Mount Grey, 117

Mount Landalt (aka Mount Landale), 116

Mount Logan, 113–15, 213

Mount Mazama, 89–91, 226, 228 (see

also Crater Lake)

compared with Mount St. Helens, 90

Mazama ash, 89–90, 100, 105, 222, 223

Mount Rainier, 80

Mount Shasta, 80

Mount St. Helens eruption of 1980,

78–81, 87–88, 89, 90, 108, 129, 140

compared with Mazama blast, 90

tree-ring dating, 140

Mount Whymper, 116

Mr. Earthquake (Cao Xianqing), 235

Mulargia, Francesco, 251

Munroe, Linda, 136

N

Nankai Subduction Zone, 155

Nankai Trough, 85, 86, 122, 208

NASA satellites, 184, 273

National Academy of Sciences

Earthquake Prediction and Public

Policy, 235

Press, Frank, 50

National Geodetic Survey

Balazs, Emery, 72, 84–87, 109–10,

126, 130–32

national guard, xxi, 305

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-

ministration (NOAA), xx, xxi, 167,

168–71, 173, 184–87, 269, 274

Bernard, Eddie, xxi, 168–71, 184–88,

270–74, 285, 317–18

Moore, Chris, 173–75

Titov, Vasily, 169–76, 188, 269–73,

275–76, 278, 290, 292

National Science Foundation (NSF),

221, 225, 258, 260

National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation

Program (U.S.), 285

Nature, 194, 204, 205

NAVSTAR Global Positioning System

(GPS), 213

Neah Bay, 130–31, 137, 152, 155,

156–57, 194–95

Nelson, Alan, 137, 192, 200

Nelson, Hans, 108, 135, 221, 225, 226,

227, 228, 230

Netarts Bay, 137

Newport, xviii, 155

newspaper coverage

Israel, Bill, 143–46

Munroe, Linda, 136

Sullivan, Walter, 51–52, 80, 81, 88, 89,

90, 104, 138–39

Index344

New York Times, Th e 4–5, 51–52, 80, 81,

88, 89, 90, 104, 138–39

New Zealand (see also Adams, John)

Alpine fault, 19, 107–8

Southern Alps mountain chain, 107

Nihon University, 254


Nimitz Freeway, 159

Nishiki Tower, 286

NOAA (see National Oceanic and At-

mospheric Administration)

Nookmis, Chief Louis, 197–98

Northridge earthquake of 1994

aftershocks, 252

building code revised, 298

prediction debate, 251, 252

Novosibirsk Institute of Electrical Engi-

neering, 170

Noyo channel, 228

nuclear power plants, 313 (see also

Atomic Energy Commission;

Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

Bodega Head, 65

Ferndale earthquake of 1975, eff ect

on, 74


120

Humboldt Bay, 64–66, 68, 69, 73–76,

77, 80–81, 87, 119, 143

risk of building on faults, 313

Washington Public Power Supply

System (WPPSS), 118–24

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

(NRC), 74, 75, 76, 120, 121, 143

O

Oakland, xii, xx, 159

Obara, Kazushige, 218–19

obducting plate, 107

Ogle, Bud, 73, 74

oilfi eld geology techniques, 96, 100, 226,

227, 229

Okushiri Island tsunami of 1993, 172,

173–76, 269

Olympic Mountains, 82, 102, 128,

298

Olympic Peninsula, 82, 130, 178, 180

Oregon (see Astoria; Coos Bay; Corval-

lis; Netarts Bay; Newport; Portland;

Seaside; Westport)

Oregon Academy of Sciences, 135

Oregonian (Th e), 136

Oregon State University (OSU)

Applegate, Bruce, 190

Corcoran, Patrick, 280–84, 288, 291,

314, 317

Cox, Dan, 288–91

Goldfi nger, Chris, 96–98, 100–101,

105–6, 108, 190–91, 221–32, 234,

261–64, 276–77, 290, 293

Griggs, Gary, 103, 105, 106, 108, 120,

133, 135, 139, 221, 222, 223

Kulm, LaVerne (Vern), 100–101, 103,

105, 106, 108, 120, 133, 135, 139,

221–23

McCaff rey, Robert, 191

Nelson, Hans, 108, 135, 221, 225, 226,

227, 228, 230

Yeats, Robert (Bob), 134–36, 146,

190, 221

Yeh, Harry, 285–86, 288

Origin of Continents and Oceans, Th e

(Wegener), 54

orphan tsunamis, 202–4, 207, 208, 209, 211

P

Pachena Bay, 196–98, 201

Pacifi c County

Index 345

Benning, Jerry, 182–83, 186, 275

evacuation debate, 153, 182–83,

185–86, 275

Fritts, Stephanie, 147–48, 150–53,

182–83, 185, 186, 275

Pacifi c County Emergency Manage-

ment Council, 183

Pacifi c Gas and Electric Company

(PG&E), 64–66, 73–77, 143

Pacifi c Geoscience Centre (PGC) (see

Geological Survey of Canada)

Pacifi c Marine Environmental Labora-

tory (PMEL) (see National Oceanic

and Atmospheric Administration-

NOAA)

Pacifi c Northwest Seismograph Net-

work, 83

Pacifi c plate, ix, xii, 8, 26, 59, 62, 63, 81,

82, 83, 107, 114, 149, 232, 259

Pacifi c tsunami warning centers,

184–87

paleoseismology, 97, 119, 227

Palmer, 149, 150, 182, 184

Pangaea, 54

Park, Stephen, 252

Parker, Bill, 36

Parkfi eld, 23–24

Parkfi eld earthquake of 1966

epicenter, 27

foreshocks, 256

possible precursors, 27

Parkfi eld earthquake of 2004

aftershocks, 256

prediction debate, 22–23, 256

seismic history, 23–24

Parkfi eld earthquake prediction experi-

ment (see also prediction debate)

asperities, 27

Bakun, William, 26–27, 249–50, 259


U.S., 22


tion, 23


Lindh, Allan, 23–24, 26–27, 249–50, 259

McEvilly, Tom, 249

prediction debate, 23, 256–58

segment of San Andreas fault, 23, 27

Parsons, Barry, 310

Paso Robles, 24

Peterson, Curt, 137

Petrolia, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168,

170, 171, 285

Philippine Islands, xvii, xx

Phuket, xvi, 96, 208, 294, 313

Plafker, George

Alaskan earthquake of 1964, fi eld

investigation of, 43–47, 48, 53–54,

59, 63, 127, 165


70–72

Chilean earthquake of 1960, fi eld in-

vestigation of, 70, 71–72, 127, 165

comparison of CSZ to Alaska quake

zone, 72

plate tectonics debate, 48, 49, 59


259, 260

Dragert, Herb, 261



USArray, 259


plate convergence, 69, 72, 115, 127, 129

plate tectonics debate, 8, 12, 48, 58, 59,

60, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 100, 102,

115, 157, 236, 249 (see also continen-

tal drift debate)

Index346

police, 37, 68, 152, 253, 264, 315 (see also

military; sheriff ; U.S. Coast Guard;

U.S. Navy)

Port Alberni, 30–31, 35, 36–37, 40, 45,

195, 196, 279

Harper, Bob, 279

inundation maps, 279

Portland, xviii, 78, 80, 102, 136, 138,

139, 178, 181, 295, 298

prediction debate


Bakun, William, 23


Goldfi nger, Chris, 230, 234, 263–64

Italy, 309

Jackson, David, 251

Japan, 253–55

Kagan, Yan, 251


Lindh, Allan, 256–58

McEvilly, Tom, 249


Park, Stephen, 252

Parsons, Barry, 309

University of Colorado earthquake

forecast, 149


Wyss, Max, 252

prediction research programs, 234–42,

253–55

Prescott, Bill, 110

Press, Frank, 50, 51, 66, 67, 70, 71, 77

Prince William Sound, 38, 42, 45, 46,

50

Prince William Sound earthquake of

1964 (see Alaskan earthquake and

tsunami of 1964)

Puget Sound, 83, 110, 111, 128, 152,

156, 297

crustal compression, 83, 109, 110,

111, 114, 120, 127, 128, 156,

213

episodic tremor and slip (ETS), 216

Juan de Fuca plate rotating, 128

mountain tilting, 111, 113, 120

Q

Quake Hunters (documentary), 196

Queen Charlotte fault, 83, 231

quiescence, 6, 149

R

radioactive, 48, 55, 76

Rangemaster III, 116–17

reactors (see nuclear power plants)

Reagan, Ronald, 212

recurrence interval for CSZ earthquakes,

xviii, 228

Redwood Alliance, 74

Reid, Harry F., 249

Reilinger, Robert, 109, 111

rhombohedral fracture patterns, 68–69,

73–74, 143

Richter, Charles, 48, 250

Richter scale, 4, 22, 38–39, 250 (see also

moment magnitude scale; seismo-

graphs; seismometers)

Riddihough, Robin, 84

Ring of Fire, ix, 59, 80, 123, 171, 187,

229, 231–32

Benioff , Hugo, 48

necklace of volcanoes, 80

River Road, 31, 35

Roger Revelle, 95–96, 98–101, 105, 221,

223–26, 230, 276

Rogers, Garry

aseismic debate, 19–20, 21, 128–29,

156, 157–58, 178, 181

Index 347

earthquake history of CSZ, 19–20, 21,

129, 156, 178, 196, 258, 277


219–20, 258, 260, 261, 262–63

Mexico City earthquake of 1985, 13, 19

Plate Boundary Observatory, 261

prediction debate, 20, 21, 158, 262–63

raising public awareness, 157–58, 262,

277

Sumatra is Cascadia, 277

Rogue River Canyon, 226

Rowland, Mary, 35

Royal Canadian Geographical Society,

114–15

S

Sacramento, xviii, 163–64, 181

Sacramento Bee (Th e), 144

SAFOD (Saint Andreas Fault Observa-

tory at Depth) project, 258–59



259–60, 261


San Andreas Fault

1906 rupture and damage, 63

boundary between plates, 83

Cascadia fault seen as comparable

threat, 138

compared with Alaskan fault, 47, 50,

63, 66

compared with Alpine fault, 107

compared with Cascadia fault, xvii,

xix

compared with Chilean fault, 71

constant movement of, 42

due to rupture, xii

earthquake triggering, xx, 231–32

geometric discontinuity, 27

interconnection of faults, 231

Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989, 158,

160

openly accessible at ground level, 97

Parkfi eld prediction study, 23, 25, 27,

28, 249–50, 256, 258

part of Mendocino Triple Junction,

63, 67

plate behavior on, 8


public awareness after 1906 earth-

quake, 64


site of PG&E nuclear power plant,

65–66

Sylmar earthquake of 1971, 68

turbidite-landslide evidence, 228

uncertainly about fault direction

off shore, 62, 65, 66–67

visible in aerial pictures, 27, 62

San Andreas Fault Observatory at

Depth (see SAFOD project)

San Francisco, xviii, xix, 24, 118–18,

131, 158–59, 163, 257

San Francisco earthquake of 1906

compared with a Cascadia earth-

quake, 276

compared with Alaskan earthquake of

1964, 39

elastic rebound hypothesis, 249

San Andreas fault, xii, 62, 64, 74, 138,

160, 249

Santa Cruz, 159, 160

Satake, Kenji

date and time of last CSZ quake, 205


211


Satsop, 119, 120

Index348

Savage, Jim, 109, 110, 111, 113, 118,

123, 127, 128, 129, 156, 213

Schmidt, Mike


113–17, 213, 311

Mount Logan expedition, 113–15,

213

Schwartz, David, 119–121

Science, 23, 51, 132, 137–38, 191, 218,

250, 251, 260

seafl oor spreading, 59, 60, 63, 67, 73, 82,

83, 104, 122

Sea of Japan, 171, 212

Seaside

evacuation route, 280–81, 284

fi re department, 294

models of, 278, 284, 288–95

Seattle, xviii, xxi, 78, 80, 83, 109, 114,

124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132,

135, 138, 139, 156, 168, 178, 181,

183, 184, 211, 216, 295

quake eff ects on tall buildings, study,

296–99

seismic gaps, 9, 107, 108, 123, 155, 157

seismic regulations (see building codes)

seismogenic zones, 177–78, 179, 181 (see

also locked zone debate)

seismographs, 14, 38, 75, 185, 186, 219,

236, 256, 258 (see also magnitudes,

earthquake; seismometers)

Richter scale, 4, 22, 38–39, 250

Seismological Research Letters, 256

Seismological Society of America,

297

seismometers, 44, 188, 255, 259, 261

(see also magnitudes, earthquake;

seismographs)

Richter scale, 4, 22, 38–39, 250

Shelter Cove, 61–62

sheriff , 182–83, 186, 275 (see also military;

police; U.S. Coast Guard; U.S. Navy)

Shimazaki, Kunihiko, 202

Shipengyu Earthquake Observatory,

239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246

ShockWave (documentary), 61, 116, 231,

289, 313

silent slip, 215, 217, 218, 219

Silver, Eli, 67

Simeulue Island, 313–14

Simpson Timber Company, 68

Singley Flat, 63

Smith, Stewart, 129

Smith, Tilly, 315

Snavely, Parke, 194–95

Sokolowski, Th omas, 150

Somass River, 31, 35

South Africa, 39

Southern Alps (New Zealand) mountain

chain, 107

Sri Lanka, 271, 292

St. Elias Range, 114

Stein, Ross, 231

Stephens, Tom, 68–69, 73, 75

stick-slip scenario, 107

strain, measurement of, 26, 256, 257,

260–61

Strait of Juan de Fuca, 60, 130, 152,

226

stratigraphic evidence, 90, 226, 227

strike-slip faults, 71, 191

subducting plate, 107

subduction zones (see also Cascadia

Subduction Zone)

Benioff , Hugo, 49–50

Benioff zone, 83

Nankai, 155

Sullivan, Walter, 51–52, 80, 81, 88, 89,

90, 104, 138–39

Index 349

Sumatran earthquake of 2004 (see also

Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004)

epicenter, 315

fault size, xvi

public awareness pre-Sumatra, 169

quake data used to test eff ects on tall

buildings, 297

Sumatra is Cascadia, xvii, xviii, xix,

xxii, 276, 277, 282

turbidite core-sampling, 96–97, 190,

221, 276

Sunda Trench, xvi, 99

supercontinent, 54

Swan, Judge James, 194, 195

Sylmar earthquake of 1971, 68, 76

Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault

Zoning Act, 68, 76

T

Tacoma, 83, 135, 181

Tanabe, 208

Tangshan earthquake of 1976, 247–49

(see also Haicheng earthquake of

1975)

damage, 247, 248

foreshocks, 248–49

ground displacement, 247



tectonic warping, 71

temblors (see earthquakes)

Texas A&M University


Th ailand, 221, 285

Phuket, xvi, 96, 208, 294, 313

Th ree Mile Island, 76

tidal friction, 54

tidal waves (see tsunamis)

tiltmeters, 258

Titov, Vasily (see also Lynett, Patrick;

wave tank experiment)

Chilean tsunami of 1960, 175

computer models of tsunamis, 169–

76, 188, 269, 270–73, 275–76,

278, 290

Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, 169,

269–73, 292

model of Indian Ocean tsunami of

2004, 270–73

model of Okushiri Island tsunami of

1993, 172, 173–76, 269

models, signifi cance of, 169, 172,

275–76

raising public awareness, 169–70

Tofi no, xix, 192, 279

Tohoku earthquake of 2011

damage, 312

fault compared with Cascadia fault,

ix–x

magnitude, 311

Tokachi-Oki earthquake of 2003, 255,

297

magnitude, 255

Tokai Gap, 251, 253–54, 286

Tokyo University (see University of

Tokyo)

tree-ring dating, 140–42, 154, 198–99,

200, 209–10

trenches

Aleutian, 46, 51

Marianas, 56, 57, 123

Sunda, xvi, 99

Trent, Doug, 25, 61–62

triggering earthquakes (see earthquake

triggering)

Truman, Harry, 78

Tsuji, Yoshinobu, 202

tsunameters, 186–87, 188

Index350

tsunamis (see under specifi c events)

Alaskan (earthquake and) tsunami of

1964

Cascadia (earthquake and) tsunami

of 1700



Hilo tsunami of 1946

Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004

Okushiri Island tsunami of 1993

tsunami shelters, 284–87

tsunami warning centers

Alaska, 149, 182

Pacifi c, 184–87


tsunami warning systems, 149, 150, 168,

169, 176, 182–88, 270, 274–75, 282,

283, 285

evacuation debate, 153, 182–83,

185–86, 275


turbidite, 98

turbidite-landslide debate

Adams, John, 108, 111, 120, 135, 136,

139, 191, 221, 223–25, 226, 227

Goldfi nger, Chris, 96, 97–98,

100–101, 105–6, 108, 221–31

Griggs, Gary, 103, 105, 106, 108,

120, 133, 135, 139, 221, 222,

223

Kulm, LaVerne, 100–101, 103, 105,

106, 108, 120, 133, 135, 139,

221–223

Mazama ash, 89–90, 100, 105, 222,

223

Nelson, Hans, 108, 135, 221, 225, 226,

227, 228, 230

turbidity currents, 105–6, 222, 224

Turnagain Heights, 41, 44

U

UCLA

Jackson, David, 251

Kagan, Yan, 251

Ucluelet, xix, 192, 216, 278, 279, 294

Ueda, Kazue, 202

University of Alaska

Wyss, Max, 252

University of Bologna


University of British Columbia

Lence, Barbara, 294–95

University of California at Berkeley

Bolt, Bruce, 67

McEvilly, Tom, 249

University of California Riverside


Park, Stephen, 252

University of Colorado, 149

University of Oregon

Mitchell, Clifton, 155

Weldon, Ray, 155

University of Oxford

Parsons, Barry, 310

University of Tokyo

Earthquake Research Institute, 253



University of Toronto

Wilson, J. Tuzo, 58, 59, 65, 67, 115,

118, 157

University of Washington

Crosson, Robert, 83, 109, 128–29

Yamaguchi, David, 126, 140–42,

198–200, 209–11

U.S. Coast Guard, 151–53

U.S. Forest Service

Collins, Tom, 73–74, 143

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

Index 351

Ando, Masataka, 72, 84–87, 109–10,

119–20, 126, 128, 130–32

Atwater, Brian, 126–37, 139–43,

148, 154–55, 177, 191–92, 194,

198–201, 205–7, 209–11, 229

Bakun, William, 22–23, 26–27,

249–50, 259

Grant, Wendy, 193

Hartzell, Stephen, 137–39, 143, 145, 201


Lindh, Allan, 22–24, 26–27, 249–50,

256–59

Lisowski, Mike, 110, 156

Menlo Park, 21, 22, 24, 26, 43, 67, 231

Nelson, Alan, 137, 192, 200

Plafker, George, 43–54, 59, 63, 66–67,

70–72, 127, 165

Prescott, Bill, 110

Savage, Jim, 109–11, 113, 118, 123,

127–29, 156, 213

Silver, Eli, 67

Snavely, Parke, 194–95

Stein, Ross, 231

Weaver, Craig, 129

U.S. Navy

military research, 56

Naval Air Station on Adak Island,

148

Offi ce of Naval Research, 57

USArray, 259

USGS (see U.S. Geological Survey)

V

Valdez, 41, 151

Vancouver, xviii, 80, 82, 130, 139, 178,

181, 295, 298, 313

Vancouver Island

Campbell River, 157

Cape Scott, 152


vertical evacuation shelters, 284–87

Victoria, xviii, 13, 130, 178, 181, 214,

215, 216, 278, 295, 298, 311

volcanoes

Cascade Arc, 80

Mount Mazama, 89–91, 226, 228

Mount St. Helens, 78–81, 87–88, 89,

90, 108, 129, 140

W

Wang, Kelin

Chilean earthquakes of 1960 and

2010, 311

computer models, 311

defi ning the locked zone (CSZ), 156,

178–79, 180–81, 295

distance of major urban areas from

locked zone (CSZ), 180–81, 295

eff ect of sediment on CSZ, 179–80

Haicheng earthquake of 1975, 234,

238, 241, 244, 245, 246–47,

248–49


raising public awareness, 311

silent slip, 217–18

Tangshan earthquake of 1976, 248–49

Washington (state) (see Cape Flattery;

Grays Harbor; Ilwaco; Mount St.

Helens; Neah Bay; Pacifi c County;

Puget Sound; Satsop; Seattle; Ta-

coma; Willapa Bay)

Washington Public Power Supply Sys-

tem (WPPSS)

Adams, John, 118–19, 120


120

Heaton, Tom, 121–23


Index352

wave tank experiment (see also computer

models of tsunamis)

Cox, Dan, 288–91


Weaver, Craig, 129

Webb, Allan, 31–32, 34

Webb, Jill, 31–32, 34

Wecoma, 190

Wecoma fault, 190

Wegener, Alfred, 53–55, 56, 58

continental displacement, 53

Origin of Continents and Oceans, Th e,

54

supercontinent (Pangaea), 54

tidal friction, 54

Weichert, Dieter, 14–15, 17–18, 21, 130

fi rst offi cial announcement of CSZ

quake threat, 18, 21

Weldon, Ray, 155

Westport, 152

wiggle-matching, 226

Willapa Bay, 132, 140, 141, 142, 148,

150, 193, 197

Willapa Canyon, 104

Wilson, J. Tuzo, 58, 59, 65, 67, 115, 118,

157

Winchester, Simon, 90

Woodward-Clyde Consultants


Working Group on California Earth-

quake Probabilities, 257

World Series earthquake (see Loma

Prieta earthquake of 1989)

World War II, 56, 155

Wyss, Max, 252

Y

Yamaguchi, David, 126, 140–42, 198–99,

200, 209–11

Yeats, Robert (Bob), 221


190

Living with Earthquakes in the Pacifi c

Northwest, 134, 190

raising public awareness, 146

Yeh, Harry, 285–286, 288

Yingkou County, 234–35, 236, 237, 239,

240, 241, 243, 245, 246

Yomiuri Shimbun, 253

Young, Richard, 275

Yurok people, 194–95, 201

Z

Zhu Fengming, 240–41

Zihuatanejo, 11

cascadia's fault text - harpercollinsfiles.harpercollins.com/mktg/harpercanada/pdf/... ·...

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