cartography in arcgis workshop

Mapping Principles:Mapping Principles:Making Your Map Look Good!Making Your Map Look Good!

Cartography in Cartography in ArcGISArcGIS WorkshopWorkshop

MidAmerica GIS SymposiumMidAmerica GIS SymposiumKansas City, MissouriKansas City, Missouri

April 21, 2008April 21, 2008

Micah CutlerMicah CutlerGIS Coordinator, GIS Coordinator,

Hardin & Franklin Counties, IowaHardin & Franklin Counties, Iowa

OverviewOverview

Elements of a MapElements of a MapMap Design ConsiderationsMap Design ConsiderationsMap SymbolsMap SymbolsPrinciples of ColorPrinciples of ColorText PlacementText Placement

This presentation was given duringThis presentation was given duringa session at the 2006 MAGIC Symposiuma session at the 2006 MAGIC Symposium

(yeah, it(yeah, it’’s that important!)s that important!)

Beginning the Design ProcessBeginning the Design Process

What elements need to be included What elements need to be included on a map?on a map?

How should those elements look?How should those elements look?

How should they be arranged?How should they be arranged?

When making a map, consider the When making a map, consider the following questions:following questions:

TALDOGSTALDOGS

T T -- TitleTitleA A -- AuthorAuthorL L -- LegendLegendD D -- DateDateO O -- OrientationOrientationGG -- GridGridS S -- ScaleScale

This acronym will This acronym will help you remember help you remember what to include on a what to include on a map.map.

Source: South Carolina Geographic AllianceSource: South Carolina Geographic Alliance

T = TitleT = Title

On a cadastral (property) or road On a cadastral (property) or road map, it is most likely the name of the map, it is most likely the name of the county or area.county or area.On a thematic map, such as house On a thematic map, such as house values, it should include the name of values, it should include the name of the area and the main subject of the the area and the main subject of the map.map.Ex: Eagle Ridge SubdivisionEx: Eagle Ridge Subdivision

2003 Parcel Land Values2003 Parcel Land Values

TTALDOGSALDOGS

A = AuthorA = Author

The organization or person who The organization or person who made the map.made the map.This also include the source of the This also include the source of the data if it is different that the person data if it is different that the person who created it.who created it.

Examples:Examples:

Prepared by:Prepared by:Micah CutlerMicah CutlerFranklin County GISFranklin County [email protected]@co.franklin.ia.us

Prepared by:Prepared by:Hardin County GISHardin County [email protected]@co.hardin.ia.usProperty values compiled by theProperty values compiled by theHardin County AssessorHardin County Assessor’’s Office.s Office.

TTAALDOGSLDOGS

L = LegendL = LegendExplains the symbols used on the Explains the symbols used on the map. map. Clear and easily readable.Clear and easily readable.Symbols should try and be the Symbols should try and be the same size as they are on the map.same size as they are on the map.May or may not use word May or may not use word ––LEGENDLEGEND

Examples:Examples:

TATALLDOGSDOGS

D = DateD = Date

Always include when the map was created Always include when the map was created or the date of the original data.or the date of the original data.I include a printed date and the date of I include a printed date and the date of the aerial photography, if appears on the the aerial photography, if appears on the map.map.

Examples:Examples:

Printed: 8 JUNE 2004Printed: 8 JUNE 2004

Digital Orthophotography flown on March 1, 2000.Digital Orthophotography flown on March 1, 2000.

TALTALDDOGSOGS

IMPORTANT NOTICEIMPORTANT NOTICEAll data posted is certified as of January 1, 2003All data posted is certified as of January 1, 2003

O = OrientationO = Orientation

Generally maps are drawn with North Generally maps are drawn with North towards the top of the map and South towards the top of the map and South towards the bottom.towards the bottom.Very localized maps such as those for Very localized maps such as those for shopping malls or parks are often oriented shopping malls or parks are often oriented around the main point of entry. around the main point of entry. Include a north arrow, even if it seems Include a north arrow, even if it seems obvious obvious –– there are a lot of poor map there are a lot of poor map readers out there!readers out there!

Examples:Examples:

TALDTALDOOGSGS

4J

G = GridG = Grid

This is the most difficult at the local level.This is the most difficult at the local level.Includes latitude/longitude; AIncludes latitude/longitude; A--1, B1, B--3 type 3 type grid, etc.grid, etc.My personal opinion:My personal opinion: the township and the township and range/section boundaries provide a range/section boundaries provide a location grid.location grid.Many software programs will automatically Many software programs will automatically put on a latitude/longitude grid.put on a latitude/longitude grid.A A ““location maplocation map”” (overview map) also (overview map) also works well.works well.

TALDOTALDOGGSS

Overview MapOverview MapThe overview map helps the map reader know The overview map helps the map reader know where in the county he or she is examining.where in the county he or she is examining.

TALDOTALDOGGSS

S = ScaleS = Scale

A map's scale is a ratio that relates a unit A map's scale is a ratio that relates a unit of measure on a map to some number of of measure on a map to some number of the same units of measure on the earth's the same units of measure on the earth's surface.surface.Example: 1:25,000 means that 1 foot on Example: 1:25,000 means that 1 foot on the map represents 25,000 feet on Earth. the map represents 25,000 feet on Earth.

TALDOGTALDOGSS

S = ScaleS = Scale

The larger the number, the smaller the The larger the number, the smaller the scale.scale.A map of an area 100 miles long by 100 A map of an area 100 miles long by 100 miles wide drawn at a scale of 1:63,360 miles wide drawn at a scale of 1:63,360 would be more than 8 feet square. To would be more than 8 feet square. To make the map a more convenient size, make the map a more convenient size, either the scale used or the area covered either the scale used or the area covered must be reduced. must be reduced.

TALDOGTALDOGSS

DisclaimersDisclaimers

ItIt’’s always a good idea to include a s always a good idea to include a disclaimer on your map. This is a disclaimer on your map. This is a variation of one that many counties use:variation of one that many counties use:

The Data is provided The Data is provided ““as isas is”” without warranty or any without warranty or any representation of accuracy, timeliness or completeness. representation of accuracy, timeliness or completeness. The burden for determining accuracy, completeness, The burden for determining accuracy, completeness, timeliness , merchantability and fitness for or the timeliness , merchantability and fitness for or the appropriateness for use rests solely on the requester. appropriateness for use rests solely on the requester. Hardin County makes nor warranties, express or implied, as Hardin County makes nor warranties, express or implied, as to the use of the Data. There are no implied warranties of to the use of the Data. There are no implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The requester acknowledges and accepts the limitations of the requester acknowledges and accepts the limitations of the Data, including the fact that the Data is dynamic and is in a Data, including the fact that the Data is dynamic and is in a constant state of maintenance, correction and update. constant state of maintenance, correction and update.

Putting it TogetherPutting it Together

Now that you know what should go Now that you know what should go on a map, iton a map, it’’s time to arrange the s time to arrange the individual elements.individual elements.

This is like decorating, there are This is like decorating, there are some general some general ““rulesrules””, but it all , but it all comes down to personal taste.comes down to personal taste.

Map AestheticsMap Aesthetics

““The quality of a map is also in part an The quality of a map is also in part an aesthetic matter. Maps should have aesthetic matter. Maps should have harmony within themselves. An ugly harmony within themselves. An ugly map, with crude colors, careless line map, with crude colors, careless line work, and disagreeable, poorly work, and disagreeable, poorly arranged lettering may be intrinsically arranged lettering may be intrinsically as accurate as a beautiful map, but it as accurate as a beautiful map, but it is less likely to inspire confidence.is less likely to inspire confidence.””

--John K. Wright, John K. Wright, ““Map Makers Are Human,Map Makers Are Human,””Geographical Review 32 (1944); 527Geographical Review 32 (1944); 527--44.44.

5 Principles of Map Design5 Principles of Map Design

2.2. HIERARCHY WITH HARMONYHIERARCHY WITH HARMONY -- Important things must look important, and Important things must look important, and the most important thing should look the most important. Harmonthe most important thing should look the most important. Harmony is y is subliminal.subliminal.

3.3. SIMPLICITY FROM SACRIFICESIMPLICITY FROM SACRIFICE –– ItIt’’s not what you put in that makes a s not what you put in that makes a great map but what you take out. The map design stage is completgreat map but what you take out. The map design stage is complete when e when you can take nothing else out.you can take nothing else out.

4.4. MAXIMUM INFORMATION AT MINIMUM COSTMAXIMUM INFORMATION AT MINIMUM COST -- How much information can How much information can be gained from this map, at a glance.be gained from this map, at a glance.

5.5. ENGAGE THE EMOTION TO ENGAGE THE UNDERSTANDINGENGAGE THE EMOTION TO ENGAGE THE UNDERSTANDING -- Only when Only when the reader engages the emotion, the desire, will they be receptithe reader engages the emotion, the desire, will they be receptive to the ve to the map's message. We are not just prettying maps up. The philosophmap's message. We are not just prettying maps up. The philosophy is y is simple, beauty (aesthetics) focuses the attention.simple, beauty (aesthetics) focuses the attention.

Focusing the attention is the purpose of map design!

-- Society of CartographersSociety of Cartographers

1.1. CONCEPT BEFORE COMPILATIONCONCEPT BEFORE COMPILATION -- Once concept is understood, no design Once concept is understood, no design or content feature will be included which does not fit it.or content feature will be included which does not fit it.

So What is a Good Map?So What is a Good Map?

To really focus, you need to ask yourself To really focus, you need to ask yourself these questions:these questions:

1.1. What is the goal of the map?What is the goal of the map?2.2. Who will read the map?Who will read the map?3.3. Where will the map be used?Where will the map be used?4.4. What data is available for the composition of What data is available for the composition of

the map? the map? 5.5. What resources are available in terms of What resources are available in terms of

both time and equipment? both time and equipment?

Map CompositionMap Composition

Good map composition should:Good map composition should:1.1. Stress the purpose of the map.Stress the purpose of the map.2.2. Direct the map readerDirect the map reader’’s attention.s attention.3.3. Coordinate the base and thematic Coordinate the base and thematic

elements of the map.elements of the map.4.4. Maintain good cartographic Maintain good cartographic

conventions (TALDOGS).conventions (TALDOGS).5.5. COMMUNICATE.COMMUNICATE.

Simplify or Detail?Simplify or Detail?

…… depends on the scale and depends on the scale and size of the final product.size of the final product.

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations

Visual BalanceVisual Balance –– use the natural shape of use the natural shape of your county or region.your county or region.

Look for Look for ““white white spacespace”” that that allows for text allows for text placement.placement.

Figure and Ground OrganizationFigure and Ground Organization

People tend to organize the visual field People tend to organize the visual field into:into:

Figures Figures –– important objectsimportant objectsGrounds Grounds –– things less importantthings less important

Use Use contrastcontrast distinguish important from distinguish important from unimportant parts.unimportant parts.

ContrastContrast

Lines Lines –– labels, borders, labels, borders, neatlinesneatlines, political , political boundaries, symbols, etc.boundaries, symbols, etc.

Line character Line character –– type and colortype and colorLine weight Line weight –– thicknessthickness

Texture or patternTexture or patternColorColorVisual acuity (measures the size threshold Visual acuity (measures the size threshold at which the eye can distinguish or read)at which the eye can distinguish or read)

DonDon’’t want symbols and text too small t want symbols and text too small or too bigor too big

Text ContrastText Contrast

MaskingMasking text and symbols works well for text and symbols works well for giving giving ““importanceimportance”” and clarity.and clarity.

Notice the text Notice the text ““WoodbineWoodbine”” and and road names.road names.

ContrastContrast

The shading for water The shading for water along the coastline along the coastline provides nice contrast provides nice contrast to the land.to the land.

Also notice that the Also notice that the text label for the text label for the water is water is italicizeditalicized..

HierarchyHierarchy

Contrast, shading, Contrast, shading, color, and text color, and text masking are all masking are all techniques used to techniques used to create hierarchy. create hierarchy.

The focus or most The focus or most important part of the important part of the map map ““jumpsjumps”” out at out at you first.you first.

Map SymbolsMap Symbols

Take time to Take time to research commonlyresearch commonly--used symbols and used symbols and conventions.conventions.

Use line weights and Use line weights and colors to make your colors to make your symbols stand out.symbols stand out.

Map Symbols & Line WeightsMap Symbols & Line WeightsInterstate, Federal Highway, and County Road symbolsInterstate, Federal Highway, and County Road symbolsThicker, darker lines for paved & primary roadsThicker, darker lines for paved & primary roads

Map Symbols in ESRI SoftwareMap Symbols in ESRI Software

ESRI software comes ESRI software comes with tons of symbols with tons of symbols for lines, points, and for lines, points, and polygons. polygons.

Often these symbols Often these symbols can be modified can be modified slightly to get the slightly to get the exact look you are exact look you are after. after.

Why Use Color?Why Use Color?

Color simplifies and clarifies, as well as Color simplifies and clarifies, as well as unifies various map elements.unifies various map elements.

Color affects the general perceptibility of Color affects the general perceptibility of the map. the map.

Color elicits subjective reactions to the Color elicits subjective reactions to the map. People respond to colors; it creates map. People respond to colors; it creates mood.mood.

Color WheelColor WheelMany believe that providing complementary Many believe that providing complementary colors in a composition establishes stability.colors in a composition establishes stability.Complementary colors are opposite on the Complementary colors are opposite on the color wheel. color wheel.

Color BalanceColor BalanceUse color balance so that dominant colors Use color balance so that dominant colors occupying large areas do not overpower the occupying large areas do not overpower the remainder of the map.remainder of the map.

Since areas are fixed in geography, only Since areas are fixed in geography, only choice of color is possible when planning choice of color is possible when planning balance. balance.

Remember Remember –– what is pleasant to one map what is pleasant to one map reader may not be pleasant to another.reader may not be pleasant to another.

Map LetteringMap Lettering

Map lettering should be viewed first as Map lettering should be viewed first as a a functional symbolfunctional symbol, only secondarily , only secondarily as an aesthetic object. as an aesthetic object.

Need to consider:Need to consider:1.1. Selection of lettering typeSelection of lettering type2.2. Placement on mapPlacement on map

Choosing Text StyleChoosing Text Style

When considering text styles, keep the When considering text styles, keep the following points in mind:following points in mind:

•• Legibility of individual letters Legibility of individual letters (don(don’’t want to confuse t want to confuse cc and and eeor or ii and and jj).).

•• Avoid extremely bold forms.Avoid extremely bold forms.•• DonDon’’t use decorative typefaces t use decorative typefaces ––

too difficult to read.too difficult to read.

This would not be a good choice. Neither would this.

Point Label PlacementPoint Label Placement

Chart at the right shows the Chart at the right shows the preferred order of text preferred order of text placement around a point.placement around a point.Text should be horizontal if Text should be horizontal if possible.possible.Town names should be Town names should be located on the side of the located on the side of the river on which the town is river on which the town is located.located.MaplexMaplex Label Engine* really Label Engine* really increases your optionsincreases your options

*(Need an *(Need an ArcEditorArcEditoror or ArcInfoArcInfo license)license)

Examples of Point Label PlacementsExamples of Point Label Placements

Linear Feature Label PlacementLinear Feature Label Placement

Linear features: rivers, streams, roads, Linear features: rivers, streams, roads, railroads, paths, airlines, etc.railroads, paths, airlines, etc.Repeat as often as necessary to Repeat as often as necessary to facilitate its identification.facilitate its identification.Ideal location is along a horizontal Ideal location is along a horizontal stretch.stretch.Prefer Prefer italicized labelsitalicized labels for hydrology for hydrology features.features.

Labeling vs. AnnotationLabeling vs. Annotation

Annotation Annotation –– MUCH higher time investment, but can be MUCH higher time investment, but can be used repeatedlyused repeatedlyLabeling Labeling –– useful when printing oneuseful when printing one--use maps at many use maps at many different scalesdifferent scales

Areal Features Label PlacementAreal Features Label Placement

Ideally, put the label entirely inside the Ideally, put the label entirely inside the polygon feature.polygon feature.DonDon’’t hyphenate names.t hyphenate names.If lettering is not horizontal, make sure If lettering is not horizontal, make sure it deviates significantly, so that its it deviates significantly, so that its placement wonplacement won’’t look like a mistake.t look like a mistake.Never position text so that parts are Never position text so that parts are upside down.upside down.

Areal Features Label PlacementAreal Features Label Placement

Title and Legend TextTitle and Legend Text

Titles are generally most important Titles are generally most important ––largest type size.largest type size.May position title or title boxes May position title or title boxes overlapping other features.overlapping other features.Legend materials medium Legend materials medium –– reflect reflect their position in the hierarchy.their position in the hierarchy.Map sources, notes, etc. in the smallest Map sources, notes, etc. in the smallest type size.type size.

Title PlacementTitle Placement

What IWhat I’’d like you to rememberd like you to remember……

TALDOGSTALDOGSKnow your audience/purposeKnow your audience/purposeExamine Examine ““good mapsgood maps”” and adopt/ and adopt/ adapt similar colors, layouts, etc.adapt similar colors, layouts, etc.Good map design takes practice and Good map design takes practice and lots of revisionslots of revisionsMap design is subjective Map design is subjective –– but we but we know ugly maps when we see themknow ugly maps when we see them

Questions? Comments? Questions? Comments? Opinions?Opinions?

A copy of this presentation can be found atA copy of this presentation can be found athttp://www.IowaGIC.orghttp://www.IowaGIC.org

Keyword Search: cartography, TALDOGSKeyword Search: cartography, TALDOGS

Micah CutlerMicah CutlerGIS CoordinatorGIS Coordinator

Hardin & Franklin CountiesHardin & Franklin Counties641641--939939--75907590

[email protected]@co.hardin.ia.us

Now letNow let’’s put theses put theseideas to practical useideas to practical use……..

Table of Contents TextTable of Contents Text

Take the time to edit the Table of Take the time to edit the Table of Contents (TOC) text Contents (TOC) text –– saves time saves time when inserting a legendwhen inserting a legend•• Layer nameLayer name•• Symbology textSymbology text•• Uncheck Uncheck ““<all other values><all other values>””

When the TOC text is updated, your When the TOC text is updated, your legend will updatelegend will update

Table of Contents TextTable of Contents Text

Reference ScaleReference Scale

You view the Reference Scale in ArcMap on the You view the Reference Scale in ArcMap on the General tab of the Data Frame Properties dialog General tab of the Data Frame Properties dialog box. box.

By default, labels will not scale as you zoom in or By default, labels will not scale as you zoom in or out on your map.out on your map.•• They stay the same size on the page regardless of the They stay the same size on the page regardless of the

map scale.map scale.•• Though they stay the same size on the page, they will, Though they stay the same size on the page, they will,

by default, take up more geographic space on the map by default, take up more geographic space on the map as you zoom in, and less space as you zoom out.as you zoom in, and less space as you zoom out.

•• Once you've decided on a map scale, you will probably Once you've decided on a map scale, you will probably want your labels to scale as you zoom in and out. You want your labels to scale as you zoom in and out. You do this by do this by setting a reference scale for your data framesetting a reference scale for your data frame..


You can have a layer ignore the reference You can have a layer ignore the reference scale by scale by uncheckingunchecking the box in the Layer the box in the Layer Properties | Display TabProperties | Display TabReference scale affect the Reference scale affect the ““thicknessthickness”” of of the drawings also,the drawings also,not just the labelingnot just the labeling

Layer SymbologyLayer Symbology

Default gives all features in the layer a Default gives all features in the layer a single symbolsingle symbolCan symbolize based on an attribute fieldCan symbolize based on an attribute field


DoubleDouble--click on symbol to change click on symbol to change propertiesproperties

Layer (.Layer (.lyrlyr) Files) Files

Saving a layer saves everything about the Saving a layer saves everything about the layer, such as the symbolization and layer, such as the symbolization and labelinglabelingWhen you add a layer file to another map, When you add a layer file to another map, it will draw exactly as it was savedit will draw exactly as it was saved•• Others can drop those layers onto their maps Others can drop those layers onto their maps

without having to know how to access the without having to know how to access the database or classify the datadatabase or classify the data

•• useful when sharing data with nontechnical useful when sharing data with nontechnical staff members staff members

Layer (.Layer (.lyrlyr) Files) Files

Reference its data source using the Data Reference its data source using the Data Source Options setting currently specified Source Options setting currently specified for the map on the Document Properties for the map on the Document Properties dialog boxdialog box•• By default, this setting specifies that data By default, this setting specifies that data

sources will be referenced with their full path. sources will be referenced with their full path.

Have to have access to the same data Have to have access to the same data locationlocationIf the data is renamed or moved, the layer If the data is renamed or moved, the layer files must be updated to use the new pathfiles must be updated to use the new path

Layer (.Layer (.lyrlyr) Files) FilesRelative path is an alternative for referencing a Relative path is an alternative for referencing a layer's data source layer's data source With a relative path, the layer will start looking With a relative path, the layer will start looking for the data source from the location in which the for the data source from the location in which the layer is storedlayer is storedTo create a layer that uses relative paths in To create a layer that uses relative paths in ArcMap, you must set the map's properties so ArcMap, you must set the map's properties so that it uses relative paths for all layers that it uses relative paths for all layers Once you've saved the layer file, you can't Once you've saved the layer file, you can't change the data source options from absolute to change the data source options from absolute to relative or vice versa. The layer will always relative or vice versa. The layer will always maintain the data source option that was set for maintain the data source option that was set for the map document at the time you saved the the map document at the time you saved the layerlayer

StylesStyles

Styles are a collection of predefinedcolors, symbols, properties ofsymbols, and map elements thatallow you to follow a mappingstandard and help promoteconsistency in your organization'smapping products.

StylesStyles

Benefits of using styles include •Maintaining mapping standards•Communicating more effectively through familiar styles•Using a map template with referenced styles or groups of styles whencreating a map or map series •Standardizing map symbolization so your maps will look the same whenthey are published or printed with different printers

StylesStyles

C:\Program Files\ArcGIS\Styles

Relative Data PathRelative Data Path

Adding Map ElementsAdding Map Elements

Insert dropInsert drop--down down menu in the menu in the Layout Layout ViewView•• North ArrowNorth Arrow•• Scale BarScale Bar•• Scale TextScale Text•• NeatlineNeatline•• TextText•• TitleTitle•• PicturePicture•• ObjectObject

North ArrowNorth ArrowLet map dictate styleLet map dictate style•• Simple map Simple map –– simple arrowsimple arrow

RightRight--click and convert to graphic if click and convert to graphic if exporting map as a .pdfexporting map as a .pdf•• (so not treated as a font)(so not treated as a font)

Scale BarScale Bar

Make sure you have the correct data Make sure you have the correct data frame selected if there is more than frame selected if there is more than oneoneLots of optionsLots of options•• Style of barStyle of bar•• Units of measureUnits of measure•• Labeling Labeling –– size and locationsize and location•• FontFont

Scale BarScale Bar

Scale BarScale Bar

TIP:TIP:Select Select ““Adjust Adjust number of divisionsnumber of divisions””if you want to keep if you want to keep your division values your division values constantconstant

Scale TextScale TextScale text options are pretty Scale text options are pretty straightforward straightforward –– edit the number of edit the number of decimalsdecimalsMap readers generally understand Map readers generally understand ““1 inch 1 inch equals equals ……..”” better than an absolute scalebetter than an absolute scale

Inserting Legend to LayoutInserting Legend to Layout

Legend Wizard helps you get the Legend Wizard helps you get the look you want firstlook you want firstCan edit it the legend properties Can edit it the legend properties laterlaterCan preview legend as you proceed Can preview legend as you proceed through the wizardthrough the wizard

Legend WizardLegend Wizard

Choose layers to include and number of Choose layers to include and number of columnscolumnsSelect from TOC and move to Legend Select from TOC and move to Legend Items with arrow buttonsItems with arrow buttonsPay attention to layerPay attention to layerlist orderlist order•• can shift around withcan shift around with

black arrow buttonsblack arrow buttons


Modify the legend title (optional)Modify the legend title (optional)


Change the Legend frame propertiesChange the Legend frame propertiesSelect a white background if place legend Select a white background if place legend on top of the data frameon top of the data frame•• Default is clear with no frame or shadowDefault is clear with no frame or shadow


Change/modify the type of symbol shape Change/modify the type of symbol shape (patch) used for each layer(patch) used for each layerEspecially useful for natural features, such Especially useful for natural features, such as hydrology, because the defaults are as hydrology, because the defaults are straight and squarestraight and square


Change/modify the space between legend Change/modify the space between legend elementselements

Legend PropertiesLegend Properties

Can modify the Can modify the legend properties legend properties after using the wizardafter using the wizardRightRight--click on legend click on legend to select Propertiesto select Properties……

Legend PropertiesLegend PropertiesChange frame Change frame properties properties (background, frame, (background, frame, drop shadow)drop shadow)Change items in Change items in legendlegend•• LabelingLabeling•• PatchesPatches•• Which layers from TOCWhich layers from TOC

Change legend textChange legend textand spacingand spacing


Options to change Options to change how the TOC how the TOC interacts with the interacts with the legendlegend•• Reference scaleReference scale•• Display only layers Display only layers

turned onturned on•• Reordering itemsReordering items•• Adding new layersAdding new layers

Add new columnsAdd new columns


Add/remove layer Add/remove layer namenameAdd/remove/resize Add/remove/resize labelslabelsOverride patch Override patch symbolssymbolsOverride patch sizesOverride patch sizes

Multiple Data FramesMultiple Data Frames

Inset MapsInset MapsLocation MapsLocation MapsDisplay varying degrees of detailDisplay varying degrees of detail


Switch between data framesSwitch between data frames•• Click on frame in Layout View orClick on frame in Layout View or•• RightRight--click and select click and select ““ActivateActivate”” in Data in Data

ViewView

Layers are added to the active data Layers are added to the active data frameframe

Extent RectanglesExtent Rectangles

Can show the extent of one data frame in Can show the extent of one data frame in another data frameanother data frameData Frame Properties Data Frame Properties –– Extent Rectangle Extent Rectangle TabTabFrame buttonFrame buttonchanges color/sizechanges color/size

Extent RectanglesExtent Rectangles

Can select a Can select a optional leader lineoptional leader lineExample at right Example at right has one data frame has one data frame with a red borderwith a red borderDepending on Depending on purpose, might purpose, might want to include two want to include two scale bars or scale scale bars or scale texttext

Graphic Text in Data ViewGraphic Text in Data ViewText acts differently in data view vs. Text acts differently in data view vs. layout viewlayout viewDoes not scale when zooming in and outDoes not scale when zooming in and outGraphic text is placed in default Graphic text is placed in default annotation targetannotation target

Graphic Text in Data ViewGraphic Text in Data View

Graphic Text in Layout ViewGraphic Text in Layout View

““FloatsFloats”” above the data frameabove the data frameDoesnDoesn’’t move when the data frame t move when the data frame itself or data in the data frame is itself or data in the data frame is movedmovedText element like any other Text element like any other –– title, title, disclaimer, print date, etc.disclaimer, print date, etc.

Graphic Text in Layout ViewGraphic Text in Layout View

Data Frame Scale ExtentData Frame Scale ExtentDefault is Default is AutomaticAutomaticFixed ScaleFixed Scale•• No zoom in/outNo zoom in/out

Fixed ExtentFixed Extent•• No zoom in/orNo zoom in/or•• No panNo pan

Clip to ShapeClip to Shape•• Useful for clipping Useful for clipping

all layers at all layers at corporate limitscorporate limits

Data Frame Clip to ShapeData Frame Clip to Shape

LabelingLabeling

Labels are dynamicLabels are dynamic•• Label information taken from attribute Label information taken from attribute

tabletable

DonDon’’t scale unless reference scale is t scale unless reference scale is set (stay the same size)set (stay the same size)Default location follow a Default location follow a ““best fitbest fit””scenarioscenario

LabelingLabeling

Basic controlsBasic controls•• ColorColor•• SizeSize•• FontFont•• Label fieldLabel field

Keep clickingKeep clicking–– Lots of options to change things!Lots of options to change things!

Label Symbol ModificationLabel Symbol Modification

Label MaskingLabel Masking

Helps text Helps text ““poppop””Can change the size and color of maskCan change the size and color of maskChanging properties buriedChanging properties buried

Label MaskingLabel Masking

Label ExpressionsLabel Expressions

Label expressions allow you to combine Label expressions allow you to combine more than one attribute field in a labelmore than one attribute field in a labelCan be simple or advancedCan be simple or advanced

Label ExpressionsLabel Expressions

Lots of resources Lots of resources –– ArcGISArcGIS HelpHelphttp://support.esri.comhttp://support.esri.com

Simple Label ExpressionsSimple Label Expressions

DoubleDouble--click to click to add field to add field to expression boxexpression boxClick Verify Click Verify button to button to preview preview expressionexpression

[field] & [field] & vbNewLinevbNewLine & [field]& [field]

Advanced Label ExpressionsAdvanced Label Expressions

Feature Class Labeling Feature Class Labeling

Can label a feature Can label a feature based on an attribute based on an attribute or queryor query

Can define class or Can define class or use the same symbol use the same symbol classes as in TOCclasses as in TOC


Can perform a SQL query on any field in Can perform a SQL query on any field in the attribute tablethe attribute table


PrePre--defined label stylesdefined label stylesCan import .style filesCan import .style files

Inserting a PictureInserting a Picture

Insert any image fileInsert any image fileCheck Check ““Save Picture Save Picture as Part of Documentas Part of Document””to avoid missing data to avoid missing data pathspaths•• Will make map Will make map

document largerdocument largerin size in size

Missing Picture Data PathMissing Picture Data Path

Inserting an ObjectInserting an Object

Opens up the external Opens up the external softwaresoftware

Insert Object from FileInsert Object from File

Inserting an ObjectInserting an ObjectWhen you insert an existing file into a map, When you insert an existing file into a map, the Link check box on the Insert Object dialog the Link check box on the Insert Object dialog box lets you choose whether the file is linked box lets you choose whether the file is linked or embeddedor embeddedCheck the Link box, the file will be linkedCheck the Link box, the file will be linked•• Changes you make to the contents of the file by Changes you make to the contents of the file by

doubledouble--clicking it on the map will also appear in the clicking it on the map will also appear in the original file on disk and changes to the original file original file on disk and changes to the original file will also appear on the mapwill also appear on the map

Choose not to link the file (the default), it will Choose not to link the file (the default), it will be embedded, which means that there will be be embedded, which means that there will be no link between the original file and the no link between the original file and the version of it you have inserted into the mapversion of it you have inserted into the map•• Changes made in one will not appear in the otherChanges made in one will not appear in the other

Adding Attribute Table to LayoutAdding Attribute Table to LayoutAppearance of the table in the table window Appearance of the table in the table window defines how it will look on the layoutdefines how it will look on the layout•• Set the text font and size before you add the table Set the text font and size before you add the table

to the layoutto the layout•• Once added, any additional formatting to the table Once added, any additional formatting to the table

window won't affect its display on the layoutwindow won't affect its display on the layoutDetermine which rows and columns will display Determine which rows and columns will display on the layout by arranging the data in the table on the layout by arranging the data in the table window beforehandwindow beforehand•• Row and column that appear in the upperRow and column that appear in the upper--left left

corner of the table window define what appears in corner of the table window define what appears in the upperthe upper--left corner of the table on the layoutleft corner of the table on the layout

Adding Attribute Table to LayoutAdding Attribute Table to LayoutSeveral table frames can be added from a single Several table frames can be added from a single table to a layout, but once you've added a table table to a layout, but once you've added a table frame to a layout, you can't change its frame to a layout, you can't change its appearance.appearance.•• To make changes, delete the table frame, make To make changes, delete the table frame, make

adjustments to the appearance of the table window, adjustments to the appearance of the table window, then add the table to the layout again then add the table to the layout again

Can show just the selected rows in the table Can show just the selected rows in the table frame, click the selected button on the table frame, click the selected button on the table before adding it to the layoutbefore adding it to the layout•• Selections made afterwards do not affect the data in the Selections made afterwards do not affect the data in the

table frametable frame•• If the All button is selected when the table is added, the If the All button is selected when the table is added, the

selection is ignoredselection is ignored•• Any edits you make to the table will automatically be Any edits you make to the table will automatically be

reflected in the table on the layout.reflected in the table on the layout.

Adding Attribute Table to LayoutAdding Attribute Table to Layout

Change Layout ButtonChange Layout Button

Choose from layout templatesChoose from layout templatesShortcut for a quick layout optionShortcut for a quick layout option

Questions? Opinions?Questions? Opinions?Anything I Missed?Anything I Missed?

Micah CutlerMicah CutlerGIS CoordinatorGIS Coordinator

Hardin & Franklin CountiesHardin & Franklin Counties641641--939939--75907590

[email protected]@co.hardin.ia.us

cartography in arcgis workshop

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