caribbean studies essays

8/17/2019 Caribbean Studies Essays

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MODULE 1: CARIBBEAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE

1. Locations and Definition of the Cariean Re!ion and its Dias"ora

• Geographical location:

(i) Names of territories;

(ii) Sub-regions, for example, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Bahamas;

(iii) Position of territories in relation to the Caribbean Sea, Atlanti !ean an"

the ontinental lan" masses#

• Definitions of the Caribbean Region:

(i) Geographial;

(ii) Geologial;

(iii) $istorial;

(i%) Politial;

(%) &iaspori#

'# “The ideal way to describe the Caribbean is by using political andhistorical definitions.” With the use of exaples! discuss the extent to

which you agree with this stateent. "#$%& ' () ' &$ ar*s+

#. The $istorica% &rocess


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• ,igratory o-eents an" the establishment of patterns of settleent

by "ifferent groups ithin the Caribbean from pre-Columbian times to

'*#

+# Describe the aor effects of sla-ery /R indentureship on Caribbean

society and culture today. "#$$# ' 0% ' #$ ar*s+

+# 1sing exaples fro the Caribbean! explain how Caribbean people

throughout history ha-e responded to oppression. "#$$2 ' 0# ' #$

ar*s+

+# 3ssess the role of /45 of the following in the foration of Caribbeanidentity: "i+ 3frican6Caribbean culture "ii+ 7ndo6Caribbean culture. "#$$2 '

0) ' &$ ar*s+

+# Describe 8 ways in which indigenous people ha-e contributed to the way

of life in the Caribbean. "#$%8 ' 0% ' #$ ar*s+

+# To what extent can it be argued that genocide and re-olution are central

thees in Caribbean history9 "#$%% ' 0) ' &$ ar*s+

+# 3ccount for the changing role that race! colour and ethnic affiliation play

in Caribbean society and culture. "#$$ ' 0) ' &$ ar*s+

• ,igratory o-eents ithin an" outsi"e the region from '* to

present "a reognition of "iaspori ommunities, for example, Santo

&omingo, Panama an" Lon"on#

# Describe how the igration of Caribbean people to the 1nited ;tates!

Canada and the 1nited


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# ;oe coentators see the ipact of foreign influences on aspects of

the society and culture as a continuing issue in the Caribbean. To what

extent do you agree or disagree9 "#$$# ' 0) ' &$ ar*s+

# Describe the ,3=/R igrations into the Caribbean that greatly ipacted

society and culture. "#$%$ ' (# ' #$ ar*s+

• .he "e%elopment of systes of production slash an" burn,

enomien"a, sla%er, in"entureship, the plantation sstem#

''#“The history of the Caribbean is a history of the exploitation of labour.”

Discuss with reference to TW/ of the following labour systes: "i+5ncoienda "ii+ ;la-ery "iii+ indentureship "#$%%>#$$9+

• Responses to oppression and genocide the Caribbean people

resistane, re%olution, "e%elopment of peasant groups#

'+# Describe the contribution of peasant groups to the de-elopent of

Caribbean society in the period after eancipation. "#$$? ' 0% ' #$

ar*s+

• ,o-eents toward independence

(i) Politial enfranhisement;

(ii) A"ult suffrage;

(iii) /nternal self-go%ernment;

(i%) 0onomi enfranhisement;


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(%) 0ntrepreneurial ati%ities, inlu"ing shop1eeping an" sa%ings soieties#

'*# “7nternal self6go-ernent was the ost iportant o-eent

towards independence in the Caribbean.” Discuss the extent to whichyou agree with this stateent. "#$%) ' 0@ ' &$ ar*s+

*# Characteristics of Societ' and C(%t(re

• ;ociety:

(i) Share" ommon purpose;

(ii) A "efine" territorial spae;

(iii) Continuit o%er time an" spae;

(i%) Citi2enship ithin a spae#

•

Culture:

(i) Learne" beha%iour ommon to all human beings;

(ii) Customs an" tra"itions;

(iii) Norms an" %alues hih pro%i"e a gui"e to beha%iour;

(i%) /nstitutions hih presribe beha%iour;

(%) Gen"ere" praties, for example, hil" rearing, emploment#


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'3# Describe TAR55 different ways in which the ter “culture” is

used. Refer to exaples fro Caribbean society and culture to illustrate

your answer. "#$$? ' 0# ' #$ ar*s+

'3# 5xaine! with reference to Caribbean society and culture! how cultural

habits and -alues affect health issues. "#$$# ' 0@ ' &$ ar*s+

'3# Describe B/1R ways in which Caribbean society and culture ipact

upon the econoies of extra6regional countries. "#$$@ ' 0# ' #$ ar*s+

'3# “There is no single Caribbean culture.” Do you agree9 ro-ide

arguents and exaples to support your answer. "#$$ ' 0@ ' &$ar*s+

'3# 1sing TAR55 exaples fro the Caribbean! explain the relationship

between culture and society. "#$%% ' 0% ' #$ ar*s+

3# Identit' and Socia% )or*ation

•

Cultural Di-ersity:

(i) Positi%e an" negati%e effets of ultural "i%ersit; ethni an" ultural

"ifferenes; the aommo"ation ma"e among "ifferent ethni groups ith

respet to spae, politial an" eonomi poer an" soial %isibilit#

'4# Discuss the challenges for Caribbean society as it see*s to

achie-e national unity in a context of a cultural di-ersity. "#$$& ' 0@ '

&$ ar*s+

'4# “5uropean cultural institutions continue to ipact Caribbean society and

culture in the ar*etplace period.” To what extent do you agree with this

stateent9 "#$%% ' 0 @ ' &$ ar*s+


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• ;ocial ;tratification:

(i) Plantation soiet an" its impat on Caribbean soial stratifiation (that is,

rae, olour, an" mone as ma5or fators in soial stratifiation); e"uation as

a basis for ne lass formation an" upar" mobilit;

(ii) Conepts suh as plantora, intelligentsia, mi""le lass, bourgeoise,

or1ing lass, un"erlass, aste#

+'# Describe the causes of social stratification in Caribbean countries.

"#$$860%6#$ ar*s+

+'# “;ocial ;tratification continues to be a *ey feature of Caribbean society.”

1sing exaples to support your answer! discuss the extent to which you

agree with this stateent. "#$%# ' 0) ' &$ ar*s+

+'# To what extent do the social challenges faced by people in the region

hinder Caribbean unity9 "#$%$ ' (@ ' &$ ar*s+

+'# “,ore woen than en are achie-ing higher education in the

Caribbean. Discuss the significance of this de-elopent for social

stratification in Caribbean society.” "#$$$60@6&$ ar*s+

+'# 5xaine B/1R factors that prooted social obility in the Caribbean.

"#$%) ' 0# ' #$ ar*s+

•

Creolisation and Aybridisation:

(i) Proess of ultural hange in the Caribbean aulturation, plural soiet;

reolisation as argue" b 0"ar" 6amau Braithaite; "ouglarisation,

hbri"isation;


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(ii) 7aial a"mixture an" olour in the formation of Caribbean soiet an"

ulture, for example, terms li1e mulatto, mesti2o, "ougla, reole;

(iii) 0rasure, retention an" reneal of ultural praties#

+8# “Cultural erasure! retention and renewal are processes found in

all societies as they e-ol-e.” Discuss the ways in which these processes

ha-e helped to shape the Caribbean society.” "#$$$ ' 0) ' &$ ar*s+

+8# “Cultural practices are ne-er erased: they are transfored.” 1sing

exaples fro the Caribbean! discuss the extent to which you agree

with this stateent. "#$%# ' 0@ ' &$ ar*s+

+8# 1sing exaples fro the Caribbean! explain TW/ of the following

concepts: "i+ Cultural erasure "ii+ Cultural retention "iii+

Cultural renewal. "#$$2 ' (% ' #$ ar*s+

+4# Discuss the -iew that a Caribbean identityE is ore clearly e-ident aong Caribbean nationals who eet outside the region than it is

aong nationals in the Caribbean itself. "#$$8 ' 0) ' #$$8+

+4# Drawing on your own experiences! discuss the extent to which the

concept of “Caribbean 7dentity” is a yth or a reality. "#$$) ' 0@ ' &$

ar*s+

+4# “3ll ah we is one.” Discuss the social challenges faced by Caribbean

people in achie-ing Caribbean unity. "#$$@ ' 0@ ' &$ ar*s+


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9# I*"act of +eo!ra"hica% &heno*ena

9# 5xaine B/1R ways in which settleent patterns in the Caribbean ha-e

been influenced by the physical landscape.

9# "#$%) ' 0% ' #$ ar*s+

9# 1se /45 Caribbean country as an exaple to show how the physical

landscape has influenced selected aspects of its society and culture.

"#$$$ ' 0% ' #$ ar*s+

9# Describe how the physical landscape has influenced settleent patterns

in the Caribbean. "#$$& ' 0# ' #$ ar*s+

9# 5xplain TAR55 ways in which the physical landscape has influenced

settleent patterns in the Caribbean. "#$%% ' 0# ' #$ ar*s+.

• late tectonics:

(i) "efinition;

(ii) loation an" mo%ement of the Caribbean plate an" its interation ith other

plates;

(iii) earth:ua1es an" %olanoes threat of tsunami, soial "isplaement#

&?. 3ssess the easures that Caribbean countries can realistically underta*e

to iniise the danger posed by earth(ua*es.

• Aurricanes soial an" eonomi onse:uenes#

• ;oils erosion, onser%ation#


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*# Describe 8 easures that can be ta*en to iniiFe the ipact of soil

erosion in the Caribbean. "#$%8 ' 0# ' #$ ar*s+

• Coral reefs oastal protetion, sustainabilit of fishing in"ustr#

*4# Describe the iportance of coral reefs to the culture and society

of the Caribbean. "#$$%60%6#$ ar*s+

*4# Describe the -alue of coral reefs to Caribbean society and culture.

"#$$)60%6#$ar*s+

*4# 5xaine B/1R factors which ha-e caused coral reefs in the

Caribbean to be threatened with extinction. 7nclude exaples in your

response. "#$%&6(%6#$ar*s+

*4# 5xaine TAR55 easures that Caribbean countries can ipleent to

iniise the danger posed to coral reefs in the region. "#$$ ' 0% ' #$

ar*s+

• Droughts and Bloods soial an" eonomi impat#

3*# “The Caribbean is unprepared to cope with natural disasters such

as -olcanic eruptions and earth(ua*es.” 5-aluate this stateent. "#$$%

' (@ ' &$ ar*s+

3*# 5xaine TAR55 strategies that Caribbean countries can use to

iniise the ipact of earth(ua*es in the region. "#$%# ' 0# ' #$

ar*s+


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3*# Discuss the social and econoic ipact of natural disasters on

the Caribbean. "#$$2 ' 0@ ' &$ ar*s+

3*# “Blooding is caused by a cobination of natural and an6ade

factors.” Discuss the extent to which flooding is a ,3=/R

en-ironental haFard in the Caribbean. "#$%$ ' (@ ' &$ ar*s+

8# I*"act of Societa% Instit(tions on Cariean &eo"%e

•

Baily fors suh as nulear, exten"e", %isiting#

3


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• Religion Afrian, Asian, 0uropean "eri%e", snreti#

9'# 3ssess the extent to which religion continues to doinate the life of

Caribbean people. "#$$? ' 0@ ' &$ ar*s+

• =ustice ;yste: polie, ourts inlu"ing Caribbean Courts of =ustie,

orretion#

9+# 5xaine at least B/1R challenges being faced by the ustice

syste in Caribbean society and culture today. "#$$@ ' 0% ' #$ ar*s+

9+# 5xaine TAR55 ways in which the ustice syste! as a social

institution! ipacts on society and culture. "#$$ ' 0# ' #$ ar*s+


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99# During the past three decades Caribbean usic and Caribbean

festi-als ha-e gained widespread acceptance internationally. 3nalyFe the

nature of this ipact for the Caribbean. "#$$& ' 0) ' &$ ar*s+

• $uman an" ultural de-elopent -ia the arts#

• Contributions ma"e b indi-iduals, for example, 7ex Nettlefor", Louise

Bennet, Berl >Burnie, Paule >arshal, Aubre Cummings, >artin

Carter#

• 3rt Bors in the diaspora, Carni%als, for example, Notting $ill, Caribana

an" the ?est /n"ian &a Para"e#

9# Describe the factors that ha-e led Caribbean igrants li-ing in

etropolitan countries to create a “hoe away fro hoe.” "#$$&60%6

#$ ar*s+

# Cariean,+%oa% Interactions

•

Caribbean influences on extra6regional countries:

94# “Caribbean igrants in the 1nited


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8# “Caribbean festi-als such as Caribana in Canada! 4otting Aill Carni-al

in 5ngland and abour Day in Hroo*lyn! 4ew Ior* ha-e a positi-e effect

on the econoics o the host countries.” Discuss. "#$$%6 () ' &$ ar*s+.

• .he ipact of igrant labour on the metropolitan ountries#

(ii) .he ipact of Rastafari on ountries throughout the orl"#

8'# Describe the ipact of Rastafarianis on cultural practices

beyond the Caribbean region. "#$$% ' 0# ' #$ar*s+

8'# Describe B/1R ways in which the Rastafarian culture hasipacted the societies of etropolitan countries. "#$%&60#6#$ ar*s+

8'# 5xaine the ipact of Rastafarian culture on the etropolitan

societies of 4orth 3erica and 5urope. "#$%$ ' ( ) ' &$ ar*s+

8'# “The igration of Caribbean nationals to the 1< and 4orth 3erica

ha-e benefitted these countries ore than the Caribbean.” Discuss.

"#$$$60#6#$ar*s+

• 7nfluences of extra6regional societies on the Caribbean

89# 5xaine the extent to which diasporic counities influence the

foration of Caribbean identity. "#$%8 ' 0) ' &$ ar*s+

(i) Consuption patterns remittanes, goo"s an" ser%ies;

(ii) 3rt fors impat of olonialism musi, theatre arts, %isual arts;


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(iii) 5ducation impat of olonialism; the information age; language;

urriulum reforms#

(i%) olitical influences

?estminster Sstem,

7ule of la,

0letoral proesses,

Labour the influene of migrator labour;

(iii) ;port ri1et, soer, bas1etball, tra1 an" fiel";

(i%) Religion tra"itional an" non-tra"itional religious praties#

88# To what extent do 5uropean cultural institutions continue todoinate Caribbean society and culture "#$$) ' 0) ' &$ ar*s+

MODULE #: ISSUES IN CARIBBEAN DE-ELO&MENT

'# Conce"ts and Indicators of Dee%o"*ent

• Concepts:

• Sustainable "e%elopment;


15/29

8


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• 7ndicators:

(i) Gross &omesti Pro"ut (G&P);

(ii) Gross National Pro"ut (GNP);

(iii) per apita;

(i%) Gini oeffiient;

(%) $uman &e%elopment /n"ex ($&/);

(%i) Pro"uti%it;


17/29


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• olitical ideologies and popular o-eents.

3# 5xplain! using rele-ant exaples! how political ideologies ipact on the

de-elopent of Caribbean countries. "#$$# ' 02 ' &$ ar*s+

• Distribution of wealth and resources.

9# 5xplain how the distribution of wealth in a Caribbean country

ipacts on its de-elopent. "#$$? ' 08 ' #$ ar*s+

9# Describe how the distribution of wealth in the Caribbean hinders

de-elopent in the region. "#$%$ ' (8 ' #$ ar*s+

• Changing class boundaries.

• 5ntrepreneurial dri-e and acti-ity.

• 4atural and huan6ade disasters.

• Go-ernent policies.

• 1se of technology.

(i) Global on"itions#

(5) ualit an" rele%ane of e"uation#


19/29


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• Bacilitators of globalisation and de-elopent , for example

(i) ?orl" .ra"e !rganisation (?.!);

(ii) 0onomi Partnership Agreement (0PA);

(iii) /nternational >onetar @un" (/>@);

4+# Discuss B/1R ways in which structural adustent prograes

";3Es+ ipact de-elopent in the Caribbean. "#$%) ' 0& ' #$ ar*s+

(i%) ?orl" Ban1;

(%) .ransnational organisations;

(%i) .ehnolog;

4*# Describe B/1R ways in which technology facilitates globalisation

in the Caribbean. "#$$2 ' 08 ' &$ ar*s+

(%ii) /"eologies soial, gen"er, eonomi, politial#

43# 5xaine TW/ ways in which 53CA of the following organisations

facilitates de-elopent in the Caribbean: "a+ The World Han* "b+ The

World Trade /rganisation "#$%&60&6#$ ar*s+

• 7pact and Response to Globalisation

(i) /n"ustr an" ommere;


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(ii) &istributional setor (supermar1ets, "epartment stores);

49# Discuss 8 ways in which the distribution sector in the Caribbean

could contribute to the o-erall growth and de-elopent of the regionand its diaspora. "#$%8 ' (8 ' #$ ar*s+

(iii) Labour;

48# 5xplain how globaliFation affects labour and trade in the

Caribbean. "#$%$ ' (& ' #$ ar*s+

(i%) .ehnolog

(i%) /"eolog;

(%) Popular mo%ements Caribbean Assoiation for @eminist 7esearh an"

Ation (CA@7A), ?omenDs Ation for Ne &iretions (?AN&), 0n%ironmental

an" Soial =ustie Non-Go%ernmental !rganisations#

4


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• Describe how globalisation ay lead to the deise of enterprises that

were once -iable in the Caribbean. "#$$# ' 08 ' &$ ar*s+

• Describe B/1R ways in which the process of globalisation is affecting

the de-elopent of the Caribbean. "#$$@ ' 0& ' #$ ar*s+

3# The Inte!ration Moe*ent

• The 5-olution of the 7ntegration ,o-eent:

(i) ?est /n"ies @e"eration (?/@);

(ii) Caribbean @ree .ra"e Assoiation (CA7/@.A);

(iii) .he Caribbean Communit an" Common >ar1et (CA7/C!>);

• Discuss the extent to which the Caribbean Counity "C3R7C/,+! in

its present for! is capable of responding to the econoic challenges of

globalisation. "#$%) ' 02 ' &$ ar*s+.

• “The ultiate goal of C3R7C/, is to institute a single Go-ernent for

C3R7C/, eber states.” 7f this goal becoes a reality! discuss the

ways in which this de-elopent ay help /R hinder the o-eent

towards Caribbean integration. "#$$ ' 0? ' &$ ar*s+

• Discuss the -iew that freedo of o-eent is the *ey factor hindering

integration in the Caribbean region. "#$%% ' 0? ' &$ ar*s+

(i%) !rganisation of 0astern Caribbean States (!0CS);


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(%) Assoiation of Caribbean States (ACS)#

'9# Describe TAR55 factors that encourage Caribbean integration

and assess the ipact this integration is li*ely to ha-e on social! political and econoic de-elopent of the region. "#$$? ' 02 ' &$ ar*s+

'9# “C3R7C/, cannot last for fi-e ore yearsJ” Discuss the extent to

which you agree with this stateent in -iew of the challenges faced

by C3R7C/,. "#$%#6026&$ ar*s+

'9# Discuss the -iew that a aor challenge to the integration

o-eent in the Caribbean is the wide disparity in le-els of

de-elopent aong eber countries of Carico. "#$$8 ' (? ' &$

ar*s+.

'9# “Breedo of o-eent poses the greatest challeng to

establishing the C;,5.” To what extent do you agree with this

coent9 "#$$@ ' 0? ' &$ ar*s+

'9# Describe the e-olution of the Caribbean integration o-eent

fro %)2 to the present tie. "#$$$ ' 08 ' #$ ar*s+

• 3chie-eents and challenges of the following:

(i) .he Caribbean Communit an" Common >ar1et (CA7/C!>);

(ii) .he ni%ersit of the ?est /n"ies (?/);

(iii) Caribbean 0xaminations Counil (CEC);


24/29

(i%) ?est /n"ies Cri1et Boar" (?/CB);

• “West 7ndian cric*et! once the pride and oy of Caribbean sports6fans

worldwide! has in recent years often lac*ed copetiti-eness in testatches.” 3ssess the ipact that this “lac* of copetiti-eness” will ha-e

on regional cric*et in general 34D on the regionEs de-elopent

specifically. "#$$? ' 0? ' &$ ar*s+

(%) Caribbean /nstitute of >e"ia an" Communiation (CA7/>AC);

(%i) CA7/C!> Single >ar1et an" 0onom (CS>0);

(%ii) 7egional Seurit Sstem (7SS);

(%iii) Caribbean &e%elopment Ban1 (C&B)#

• “1nless there is political harony and social ustice! integration as

proposed by C3R7C/, is only a drea.” 5-aluate this stateent. "#$$%

' (2 ' &$ ar*s+

• 5xaine how freedo of the press ipacts on de-elopent in the

Caribbean. "#$$) ' 0? ' &$ ar*s+

9# Contri(tions of S"ort

• Generation of incoe.

• Aealth and fitness.


25/29

• 5ducational opportunities.

• De-elopent of Caribbean identity.

• Discipline and orale.

• 7nternational recognition.

• ;ports touris.

• Describe the contribution ade by sports to regional integration and

econoic de-elopent. "#$$% ' (8 ' #$ ar*s+

• Discuss the extent to which sports ha-e contributed to the de-elopent

of Caribbean identity regionally and in the diaspora "#$%&6(?6&$ar*s+

• To what extent do sports in the Caribbean pro-ide educational

opportunities for Caribbean people as well as a route to Caribbean

nationalis9 "#$$@ ' 0 2 ' &$ ar*s+

• Bor one naed Caribbean territory! exaine its coitent to huan

de-elopent through sports. "#$%$ ' (? ' &$ ar*s+

• “;ports ha-e ade a aor contribution to de-elopent in the

Caribbean.” To what extent do you agree with this stateent9 "#$$& '

0? ' &$ ar*s+

• Discuss B/1R challenges that are faced by Caribbean go-ernents in

using sports as a eans of facilitating de-elopent in the region. "#$$

' 08 ' #$ ar*s+

8# Inte%%ect(a% Traditions


26/29

8# Discuss B/1R ways in which popular o-eents in the Caribbean ha-e

shaped the regionEs political identity. "#$%) ' 08 ' #$ ar*s+

!b5eti%es an" impat of the folloing

• 3frican Caribbean thought Pan Afrianism; negritu"e; 7astafari;

• 5conoic and political thought in"ustrialisation b in%itation; >arxism;

"epen"en theor;

'+# Discuss the extent to which the dependency theory is still useful

in explaining Caribbean de-elopent in the #%st

century.

"#$%8 ' 0? ' &$ ar*s+

• Caribbean feinist thought an" theories of gen"er;

• 7ndo6Caribbean thoughtK

• 7ndigenous perspecti-es#


27/29

• Promotion of ultural experiene an" exhange#

• 7espon"ing to ultural imperialism#

• Promotion an" "efene of rights an" iti2ens#

• “Breedo of the press is a necessity in all Caribbean countries.” Do you

agree9 ro-ide arguents and exaples to support your answer. "#$$2

' 0? ' &$ ar*s+

• “The ass edia in the Caribbean is pre6occupied with sensational

news reporting such as crie and -iolence ' rapes and burglaries ' with

little focus on the regionEs econoic! educational and other

de-elopental issues. Gi-e arguents for 34D against this stateent.

"#$%$ ' (2 ' &$ ar*s+

'+*# Describe how political interference has affected the ass ediaEs

ability to contribute positi-ely to the de-elopent of the Caribbean

region. "#$$& ' 08 ' #$ ar*s+

# Socia% /(stice

• 6nole"ge of ompeting onepts of soial 5ustie, for example,

reognition of natural rights, elfare an" mutual a"%antage#

• &isrimination on the groun"s of age, gen"er, ethniit, rae, lass, an"

sexual orientation; polie brutalit#


28/29

• Discuss the ways in which discriination in the Caribbean on the basis

of ethnicity and sexual orientation can liit de-elopent. "#$%8 ' (2 '

&$ ar*s+

• “,any Caribbean people continue to experience discriination in their

own countries.” Discuss this stateent with reference to age! ethnicity

and class. "#$$2 ' (2 ' &$ ar*s+

• /n"iators of "e%elopment affete" b breahes of soial 5ustie

(i) le%els of soial ine:ualit;

'+8# Discuss the extent to which the ine(uitable distribution of wealth

in Caribbean countries can be regarded as a breach of social ustice.

"#$$8 ' (2 ' &$ ar*s+

(ii) pro"uti%it le%els;

(iii) :ualit of life;

(i%) "emorati rights#

'+


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thesel-es and is also an ipedient to the de-elopent of the

countries of which they are citiFens.” Discuss this

stateent. "LLL ' 02 ' &$ ar*s+

caribbean studies essays

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