Cargo Securing

The carrier shall properlyand carefully load, handle,stow, carry, keep, care forand discharge the goodscarried.

Hague Rules,Articles iii, Rule 2http://www.ukpandi.com/fileadmin/uploads/uk-pi/

Motions Cargo is subjected toPitchingRollingYawingSwayingHeavingSurgingShips GM will have an impact (stiff/tender)www.containerhandbook.de.

Cargo Securing ManualCH 1 DefinitionsCH 2 Securing Devices and ArrangementsFixed & Portable devicesInspection & maintenance schemesCH 3 Stowage & securing of non-standardized and semi standardizes cargoEvaluation of forces acting on cargo unitsApplication of cargo securing devicesRoRo ships

Cargo Securing ManualCH 4 Stowage and securing of containers and other standardized cargoHandling and safety instructionsStowage and securing instructionsOther allowable stowage patternsForces acting on cargo units

Internal stowage of containersDunnage bracingDunnage air bags

http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=43775GantrySpreaderCellCell GuidePontoon HatchBayTier

http://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html?/chb_e/stra/stra_01_03_02.htmlLashing RodsCell GuidesLashing BridgeContainer Lashing Manual

Old lashing system- Held down by rods/wires

Securing (twistlock)Corner CastingTensile strength SWL 20.4t, Proof load 30.6 t Break Load 40.4 tTShear strength SWL 15.3t, Proof load 22.9 t Break Load 30.6 t

http://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html?/chb_e/stra/stra_01_03_02.html

http://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html?/chb_e/stra/stra_01_03_02.html

http://www.marinesurveyorbrisbane.com/ppw-4.htm

Prudent loading checksCorrect stowage by stevedoresDunnage as requiredAppropriate lashing

Lashing strengths (Deck)Vertical StrengthHorizontal Athwartships StrengthHorizontal Fore & Aft Strength3 x Wt x 0.33 x Wt x 0.73 X Wt of cargo

Cargo Securing methodsTommingLashingAnti-skid matsStructural alterationsFillingAir bagsBliault, C. & Nth of England P&I Association (2003)

Ratchet and web lashing

Lashing ChainsKnot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Never saddle a dead horse

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical InstituteMin 3 grips 16mm-19mm wireSpaced 6 rope diameters apart

ReferencesMO Part 42CSS Code (Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage & Securing) IMOLashing and Securing of Deck Cargoes (John Knott)Ships Cargo Securing Manual

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/maschinen/maschinen/maschinen.htm#lsFigure 41: Cargo loaded into an ocean-going ship. Some of the boxes are stacked three deep. Such good stowage cannot, however, always be expected. The boxes are wedged together for the voyage. Some of the boxes have clearly been exposed to rain before loading. One very good alternative to film under the box lid is tarred board on top of the box lid.

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/maschinen/maschinen/maschinen.htm#lsFigure 32: This engine manufacturer has complied with all recommendations. Each engine has such a plan. This plan makes it clear to all involved how the engines are to be lifted and lashed correctly (see Figure 42). This approach should ideally be used for all heavy-lift shipments.

Figure 42: Using the details shown in Figure 32, the cargo can now be properly secured.

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/maschinen/maschinen/maschinen.htm#lsFigure 33: This is how it should look when lashing points are indicated by the manufacturer.

Heavy lift project cargo stowage and securing to IMO criteria http://www.marinesurveyorbrisbane.com/ppw-7.htm

Figure 43: A problem arises on a general cargo ship. An engine weighing 200 metric tons is to be loaded into the lower hold. That's no problem from the point of view of space and load per unit area. Unfortunately, the engine cannot be secured because it is impossible to weld lashing eyes onto the floor due to the oil tank located beneath. Such problems need not arise if these issues are discussed in good time.

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/stahl/coils/coils.htm#ls

Preferred method, Chocked and 1 levelDunnage provided to stop the load from moving, reduce point loading and protect ship and cargo from damage.

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/stahl/coils/coils.htm#ls

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/kfz/lkw/lkw.htm#lsFigure 12: Deck loading of automobiles and trucks - damage is inevitable. The trucks are stowed too closely together and no wheel chocks have been used. Another feature which merits criticism is the direct securing to adjacent vehicles.

Figure 9: Method for securing trucks on board a ro-ro ship based on [59].

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Figure 10: Method for securing a truck on board a conventional ship, an open-top container, on a flatrack or platform based on [59].

Figure 11: Method for securing a truck on board a conventional ship, an open-top container, on a flatrack or platform based on [59].

Figure 16: Method for securing automobiles on board a ro-ro ship based on [59].

Speed Lashings