Chartered Accountants are members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. They work in private practice or in the accounts department of firms and organisations. The range of work in private practice can vary enormously according to the size and place (city) of practice. If it is a large practising firm there is greater specialisation of individual accountants within the organization.

Computers are widely used in accounting and auditing. Accountants summarize transactions in standard formats for financial records, calculate projected financial ratios, or organize data in special formats for financial analysis.

Accountants may be involved in any of the following tasks:

Financial accounting

Financial accounting deals with keeping financial records. The job involves interpreting accounts, supervising, controlling and organising expenditure and income, etc. It includes compiling daily, monthly and yearly management accounts.

The tasks are:

Operating accounts

Carrying out internal audits

Dealing with wages and salaries

Paying accounts and sending out invoices

Managing tax

Auditing

Statutory audits are required as per the Company Act by both the private and public sector.

CAs carry out internal audit to keep track of management procedures and internal controls and ensure that records are accurate and controls are appropriate. They review compliance with corporate policies and procedures.

Tax auditors review financial records and other information provided by taxpayers to determine the appropriate tax liability. Government departments have tax auditors who may be appointed to audit the taxpayers accounts.

Cost accounting

Cost accounting deals with the complex business of working out what particular operations, jobs, products really cost to produce. It extends to

Budgeting and budgetary control

Forecasting

Monitoring expenditure to see that costs are not over-shooting

Tax management

CAs specialise as tax managers and assist in optimising the firm's financial structure. They look at the tax implications of new plans, changes in company structures, in fact any major decision. They advise on the tax effect of performance goals.

Management accounting

Management Accounting is a task senior chartered accountants perform.

They collect, organise, collate and analyse information from all parts of the organization.

Make regular critical analysis of past and present financial performance

Make projections for the future.

Consultancy

Consultancy is a challenging opening for bright and ambitious young CAs. Business today needs right information related to accounting. Consultant's functions relate to the following areas :

Corporate law advice regarding company formation and structure, liquidation and financial aspects

Project planning and advice on financial resource

Investigation of share valuation for takeovers, issue of capital shares, amalgamation with other firms.

Business advice regarding expansion, profit analysis, profit improvement, joint venture programmes, etc.

Secretarial practice and procedures.

Information Systems management

CA in the industry

In the industry CAs are generally found in the higher positions of the accounting department and in the finance division at all levels. Besides the regular role CAs are involved with planning and financial strategies, preparing prospectuses for share issues, managing pension funds and long-term investments, investigation of prospective investments, merger or takeover.

Company Secretary (CS) is one of the principal officers of the company. They keep the company's records; complete the company's tax returns; advise the Board of Directors of their legal obligations to ensure that companies comply with statutory legislation.

CS is also responsible for carrying out finance, accounts, legal, administrative and personnel functions in addition to his secretarial duties.

The role starts from the very moment when the idea of formation of a company is conceived. However, a company secretary's actual function varies from company to company.

The responsibilities in a large or medium firm include incorporation, public issues including listing of shares and debentures, processing of applications for managerial appointments, remuneration, inter-corporate investments and loans, conduct of Board and general meeting and maintenance of records, filing returns, preparation of project financing, acting as internal legal advisor and representative when needed.

Cost Accountants

Collect, organize, collate and analyze internal and financial information for evaluating, critical analyses and regulating past and present financial performance and for making projections for the future

Monitor costs of raw materials, labor, transportation, administrative costs, overheads etc. in an industry

Analyze sales trends.

Cost audit to assess company's past performance, current product profile and for giving advise on product pricing.

Monitor performance and efficiency to locate and report on problems

Advise ways of economizing by analyzing costs and implications of different production methods.

Control the budget

Prepare regular cost reports

Help develop a competitive edge in products quality, customer service, brand image etc. for maximization of profits.

May act as Executors or Administrators, Appraisers, Secretarial consultants, Tax consultants, Advisors in company matters, mergers, acquisitions

Prepare feasibility studies of projects.

Business Credit Analysts Evaluate risks in disbursing business loans.

Study the assets and liabilities statements, profits and losses, and net sales.

May conduct an on site evaluation of clients business vis-à-vis competitors.

Discuss with the bank or financial institution about their dealings with the client.

Evaluate security of the client’s business based on the management activity, economic status, and potential growth.

Provide a complete report of their findings to the bank.

Approve loans for the client after due analysis of risks.

Prepare the documents related to disbursement of loans.

Guide the client through the application process.

Constantly study market and economic trends.

Consumer Credit Analyst Analyze personal loan risks.

Study credit history, assets and liabilities

Do background check for financial status and compliance.

Provide details to the bank

Financial ManagersManufacturing, communications, finance, education, or health care sectors employ one or more financial managers. The positions are of treasurer, controller, credit manager, cash manager, and others who are responsible for preparing financial reports to meet tax and other regulatory demands.Finance Managers

Oversee the flow of cash and finances.

Develop information to assess the present and future financial status of the firm.

Planning and controlling the flow of funds within and outside of the organization.

Work with top management to arrange for long term finance.

Develop financial and economic policy, establish procedures, delegate authority, and oversee the implementation of these policies.

Set up budgetary systems, financial services and make appraisals of the adequacy of accounting methods.

Maintain liaison with banking personnel, financial institutions, treasury officials for sourcing funds, and control financial activities. 

Plan, coordinate and manage the financial operation for diversification of business operations.

Investment analysis 

Source funds, issue management and viable project investments for success of a project.

 Merchant Bankers

Manage new issues, credit syndication, government consent, accept fixed deposits from companies and manage portfolios.

Assess, source funds and promote projects.

Advise corporates on issues which are related to capital markets, investments, management, government or concerning portfolios of individuals or societies.

Act as financial intermediaries for the transfer of capital from the investor to the investment firm.

Equity Analyst Carry on equity research and analysis used for guiding investment decisions.

Offer objective assessment of investment plans.

Conduct financial statement and cash flow analysis

Estimate supply and demand and also make profit predictions.

Portfolio Managers Understand the securities market

Guide clients in portfolio selection

Carry out economic, industrial and company analysis measuring earnings, and forecasting earnings

Carry out bond analysis and strategies, performance evaluation and investment management

Treasury ManagersTreasury and foreign exchange function involves have assumed importance with the increase in flow of foreign exchange from foreign markets into India. The treasury profit centres depend upon the treasury managers skills in

Financial forecasting

Financial management and

Assessment of cost of currency funds

Career as Advertising ExecutiveAdvertising involves the process wherein a message is designed so as to promote a product, a thought, an idea or even a service. Advertising, as an effective medium, uses a variety of techniques to create effective advertisements. A basic appeal is at the heart of advertising. The advertising industry has three major sectors: Business or organisation which wishes to advertise, media which provides the medium for advertising, and the ad-agency which creates the ad to suit the needs of the firm. Ad agencies vary in size and turnover. Nevertheless, the process of creating an ad remains the same.

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The link, between the client who wishes to advertise and the media where the ad appears, is the ad. Hence the people in an ad agency are specialists. They are Account Executives and Account Planners in the client servicing departments; media executives and planners who buy space in media; and there are creative executives or copywriters and visual producers who create the ad.

Account Planner/Director This person is the main planning executive who works in

partnership with the client on long term account planning. He knows what is happening in the market place, and the attitude of the consumer towards the client's as well as the competitor's brands.

Account Executives Represent the ad agency to their clients.

Understand sales and advertising problems of the client and address the client's needs to the advertising approach.

Supervise their team of people drawn from all departments while planning, scheduling and executing the assignment.

Handle the business of a number of non-competing clients at the same time.

Keep the client updated on the progress.

Creative Copywriter and Art Director Copy writer and art director work with their teams to create

the real ad.

They follow briefs from the Account Executive

Discuss with the account planner

Copy writers provide words, slogans, jingles which are read or heard in advertisements; or detailed text for catalogues, brochures, leaflets and journals.

Copy writing also takes the form of scripts for television and film commercial advertisement.

Creative director approves the final creative, which is then approved by the client.

They send the design and copy to the production team for typesetting; photographs and drawings for printed advertisements; or films for television commercials.

Production team Photographers, Printers, Typesetters, Television Producers,

etc form the production team.

Most ad agencies coordinate with freelancers or established production units for the task to be completed.

Production workers are concerned with all the technical processes of turning the final copy and art work into a real ad - for print, TV or radio.

Media Executive The main task of the media executive is to place the

advertisements where they will be seen by the right target audience keeping the budget in mind. They are media planners or media buyers.

They plan, research, and buy space in the press, or time for commercial radio and television.

Media planners have access to up-to-date information about each advertising medium.

They create a detailed media plan

Media buyers buy advertising time/space for the agency's client negotiating the best possible deal for the client.

Media Sales are directly or indirectly employed by the media houses to promote their business among clients and agencies.

Career as AuctioneerAuctioneers act as sales people for the family, agency, insolvent company or sponsors who intend to auction property, valuables, products or players etc. They evaluate the items to be auctioned, advertise the products and conduct the auction before an audience of prospective buyers and sell it to the highest bidder.

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Meet with the client or seller to determine the items or property to be sold

Find out the lowest bid or the reserved bid at which the seller expects the items to be sold.

Appraises the items for auction for their value.

Note the unique attributes and background specifics of the items.

Organize the items at the venue of the auction.

Prepare a catalogue to distribute to prospective buyers

Advertise through newspapers, onsite flyers, signposts etc.

Conduct the auction by announcing the beginning bid and encourage the bidders to bid higher.

Assistant auctioneers bring in items for auction maintaining a steady flow, take payments, disburse receipts, package and hand over the sold items to the buyers

Skills required

Marketing skill Pleasing demeanor Researching skill Orderliness

Speaking and writing skills Patience Organizing ability Strong delivery

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Banker

Career as BankerBanking professionals handle client's money - In simple terms, they help individuals & corporates with their investments, loans and all other money related issues.

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Managing a bank branch is the branch manager. He has officers, clerical and other staff who undertake responsibilities in its various departments. The head office coordinates between the various branches and oversees the functioning of the branches in public sector banks. All banks are governed by the regulations and directives from the Reserve Bank of India. The multinational banks follow a flexible and business oriented work structure.

Public Sector Banks

Bank Manager

Responsible for branch operations

Information of Customers and the services required.

Advising customers

Managing and motivating staff  

Generating profits

Approving personal or business loans

Giving safe investment advice

Inspecting property offered as security  

Bank officers

Keep records of business, personnel accounts, installment loans, mortgages or the bank's own accounts

Manage Bank operations, Consumer credit department, Commercial and industrial loans

Specialize as Security analysts, mutual trust etc..

Market research

Public relations

Provide customer services such as payrolls and inventory accounting.

Corporate and Merchant Banks

Merchant banking implies

Investment management e.g. management of trusts, securities, mutual and pension funds, public issue management and international funds.

Advisory services to corporate clients on capital structure decisions, public issue management, underwriting, raising funds through public issues and from overseas markets

Project appraisals

Corporate Banking

Credit risk assessment

Technical aspects such as raising capital, business mergers and acquisitions

All banking activities related to large organizations.

Investment Banking

Retail banking with corporate clients and institutional banking.

Trading and distribution of securities.

Participate in direct markets

Help businesses and governments' security issues in the primary market to finance capital expenditures.

Make secondary markets for securities as brokers and dealers.

Underwriting

Treasury and for-ex function

Knowledge of global money markets and financial instruments

Assessing various markets e.g. stock or money markets on behalf of the bank and customer desk to advise corporations or other banks who require foreign currency.

Checking on current prices,

 Keeping abreast with policies of the regulatory bodies

Analyzing past trends for making predictions and bids for for-ex trading.

Professionals with banks

Lawyers, engineers, agriculturists, language specialists all work in banks and there are others too.Skills required

Team leadership qualities Integrity, confidentiality and honesty in all dealings with money, customers & staff Foreign exchange transactions need an analytical, quick and mature mind

Good communications skills in speech & writing Numerical aptitude Well-organised mind and well-rounded personality

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Business Manager

Career as Business ManagerManagement implies the qualities of leadership and the capacity to motivate people to work in order to achieve clearly defined objectives. It involves taking decisions based on innumerable economic and other factors. Planning, scheduling, decision making, controlling, etc., requires information whereas evaluation of technical, economic and other factors make management techniques important. Management education leads to specialization in marketing, sales, human resources and financial divisions of most corporations and financial institutions.

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The job business managers do includes

Planning and forecasting

Organising

Selecting staff and equipment

Controlling

Motivating

Researching

Communicating

Management hierarchy

Most organisations follow an operational hierarchy in management.

Junior management positions:

Management trainees undergo a period of probation during which they are introduced to the functioning of the organization. After completion of this on-the-job training they are assigned to junior level managerial positions.

Management trainees work as junior most executives and assist the executive cadre

Middle management positions: Divisional or branch manager, personnel manager, accounts manager, stores manager, sales manager are senior positions which form the middle level management in a firm.

They are a link between those assisting them and the senior managers.

They coordinate, and direct work within the organization as well as with agencies outside the organization.

Middle managers, however, work for many years at this level before moving to senior positions. They are generally expected to share wider responsibilities as they become more senior at their levels.

Senior management positions: The senior management occupies key positions in an organisation. They are managing directors, chief personnel manager, financial controller, vice president, director, etc.

They are the planners of the firm.

They are responsible for formulation of policies, developmental activities and also for making suitable selection of junior and middle level executives.

They represent the management and the organization.

From junior most position to the top level posts professional managers grow according to their talent, competence and qualification.

Areas of specialisation

Areas of specialisation or Operational areas for managers in any enterprise are marketing/sales, personnel, finance/accounts, production/engineering, materials buying/purchase and in some enterprises export management and market research or market intelligence.Skills required

Leadership traits Set viable goals Accept responsibility Ability to work with the team Numerical aptitude is a useful prerequisite Attention to detail

Ability to organise and motivate others Encourage co-operation Sensitive and proactive to the demands of the market Good communication and listening skill

Initiative

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Certified Financial Analyst

Career as Certified Financial AnalystA Certified Financial Analyst (CFA) is trained in financial analysis which involves a thorough understanding of the companies finances, investments, growth plans etc. CFA's are trained in corporate finance, financial services and investment management.

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Financial analysts work in the following areas:

Corporate finance - The tasks relate to concept¬ual and technical inputs in the areas of Indian Financial System, Financial Accounting, Manage¬ment Accounting, Financial Management, Advanced Financial Management and International Financial Management.

Investment management - The job involves analysis with inputs from Economics, Quantitative Techniques, Economic Legislation which is required by the Securities Industry, Security Evaluation and Investment Management.

Financial services - In this role they undertake Project Planning, Venture Capital, Leasing, Hire Purchase, Factoring, New Issue Management, Credit Rating and other allied areas.

Skills required

Excellent analytical reasoning Good mental acumen

Sound judgement Ability to work as part of a team

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Civil Servant (IAS/PCS)

Career as Civil Servant (IAS/PCS)Civil services constitute all government departments under state administration. Civil Servants have 'power' and 'authority' and are in- charge of governance.

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The All India Services have a crucial role to play in the development of the country. The Central and State Civil Servants are in charge of the governance of the various departments (non-military) to ensure that the administrative infrastructure works according to the Constitutional provision.

Civil Servants have 'power' and 'authority'. They are in fact the custodians of the civil rights and entitlements of every citizen. It may be administration of a town, or an appointment to work for energy conservation, or wasteland development, or water resources, etc, - there is scope for dynamism and opportunity to ensure that things work in the best possible way.

The personnel of these service eventually occupy the most important echelons of the bureaucracy that are very closely associated with decision making, policy formulations and its execution.

The services need individuals with an intense desire for field work and an inclination for interaction with the common men and women.

Skills required

Civil servants are expected to show understanding of national and international affairs,and trends

Good peoples skills Capability to assess the mood of the people Commitment to the governance of the nation

They need to have a good understanding of currents of thought, new discoveries, etc. Good communication ability Making sound decisions Ability to take orders and maintain the line of command

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Corporate Lawyer

Career as Corporate LawyerCorporate lawyers advise corporations and businesses regarding legal aspects of running a business. They advise regarding the corporate rights, privileges and obligations.

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Corporate lawyers

Study constitutional provisions, statutes and previous court judgments with regard to corporate disputes

Study and keep a record of laws and ordinances passed and the decisions of quasi-judicial bodies that work in the corporate domain.

They advise the corporate regarding judicial proceedings, both for defense and prosecution cases.

Handle legal work and represent the corporate with court proceedings.

Advise the corporate in a range of transactions, such as acquisitions and mergers, to protect the corporate from legal default.

They advise the company's management during meetings with business partners, shareholders or clients. 

Skills required

Good communication skills Numerical ability Business awareness Responsibility

Analytical thinking Researching skills Confidentiality

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Cyber Lawyer

Career as Cyber LawyerActivities on the internet are governed by cyber laws. Cyber lawyers are equipped to interpret and enforce cyber laws to regulate activities in cyberspace.

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Cyber lawyers

Interpret cyber laws to their clients

Conduct due diligence i.e ensure that any security obligations agreed to in a contractual agreement are not breached, identify sensitive personal information etc.

Conduct Audit   

Draft Best Security Practices and check Compliance

Certify Income Tax Act Compliance

Compliance of the Security & Exchange Board

Provide e-documentation services

Carry out process-specific solutions in areas like Legal Process Outsourcing, e-Publishing, e-commerce, Software Services, Audit & Compliance.

Deal with cases related to credit card frauds, internet hacking, cyber stalking, pornography, cyber threats and crimes related to Intellectual Property, Copyrights & Trademarks.

Skills required

Analytical skill Problem solving skill Eye for detail Good computing skills Techno savvy

Good intellectual ability Good observation Ability to assimilate Web friendly

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Economist

Career as EconomistEconomists analyse issues related to growth and development, welfare and policy formulation, and assess their long and short term significance for the country. Economics is the study of

production and distribution processes and the most effective means of utilizing available resources.

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Economists work in one of the three sectors:

Government and public sector enterprises

Industry and trade

Banking and finance

Economists often specialise as research economists, business economists, agricultural economists, financial economists, international, industrial or labour economists.

Research economists

Develop mathematical models to explain and interpret business cycles, inflation, effects of tax policies or unemployment.

Use Mathematics and Statistics to the theory and principles of economics.

Apply econometrics for analysis and prediction of all economic activity.

Business economists

Work as company's administrators, making decisions about company policies, plan future business activities in relation to general business conditions, national and international trade policies, governmental regulations and directives.

Agricultural economists

Study economic aspects of agricultural problems in order to increase efficiency of farm management, improve farm income and effect favourable agricultural legislation.

Forecast production and consumption of agricultural products

Locate optimum markets and deal with agricultural financing.

Financial economists

Develop monetary policies and predict financial activity.

Examine credit structures and collection, banking methods and procedures to devise techniques for regulation of lending, fixing interest and discount rates.

International economists

Collect and analyze statistical data and other information on foreign trade for favourable trade balances

Establish acceptable international trade policies, exchange controls and operation of foreign exchanges.

Study, implementation and formulation of policies on investments, and transfer of capital on the international scene.

Labour economists

Study labour trends and policies

Handle labour disputes, unions, industrial policies of management

Work as advisors to government or industry.

Industrial economists

Studies the organizational structures of business to make maximum use of assets

Investigate methods of financing, production costs, techniques of marketing policies for  possible improvements.

Analyse market trends to relate production for future consumption and interpret effects of governments regulations and legal restrictions on industrial policies.

Skills required

Good at numerical ability to work with figures Interest in current affairs & ability to assess implications from an analysts view point Logical thinking Mathematical acumen

Analytical skills Good communication skills in speech & writing to explain complex economic analysis to non-

specialists Ability to handle concepts & figures with ease Abilty to clarify thoughts and predictions in relation to the industry

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Exporter

Career as ExporterInternational business management deals with the professional handling of international trade from negotiating trade deals to expediting transactions. Export managers work with multinational and national export houses, and trading houses.

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Export managers

Carry out all activities pertaining to international trade

Deal with foreign buyers and agents

Negotiate sales, distribution, trade contracts and expedite payments

Make transportation and licensing agreements

Hire packing agents

Prepare custom declaration documents

Custom brokers

Are Intermediaries between importers and custom services

File the necessary documents

Act as intermediaries with government departments

Import export agents

Work as contractors for several clients

Coordinate between import-export firms and foreign and domestic buyers and sellers.

Plan delivery of goods

Check export-import tax assessments

Complete custom formalities

Are trade representatives during the freight handling

Wholesalers

Are buyers of domestic as well as imported goods intended for sale

Procure material from the producers and supply to traders

Specialize in buying or selling of specific goods

Freight forwarders

Are agents for exporters who are responsible for cargo movement

They oversee and coordinate shipping facilities, freight cost, port charges, documentation charges, insurance costs etc

Skills required

Interest in trade & commerce Ability to evaluate quality Ability to make decisions Good communication Interest in international law, finance, production information etc Good memory Documentation skills

Interest in travelling Well informed Ability to work with a team Interest in foreign languages is an asset Responsibility Good communication skills Interest in trade and commerce

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Hotel Manager

Career as Hotel ManagerHotel management is a service industry which focuses on serving the needs of its clients. Training in hotel management has wide applications which can be used in several service industries. Hotel Managers are responsible for the efficient and profitable operation of their establishments.

About Hotel Manager : Job Profile    | Employment Opportunities    | How do I get there?    | Where to study?   

Job Profile

Most hotels have key departments.

Hotel managers   Are responsible for the efficient and profitable operation of their establishments.

Controls all financial aspects

Establishes norms of service to be provided to guests, the standard of housekeeping, food quality, decoration and banquet operations.

Assistant managers Oversee the day-to-day operations of their departments.

Resident managers (in large hotels) resolve problems or emergencies round the clock.

Under the supervision and guidance of the top management work the various departmental managers.

Front officeFront office manager

Oversees the work of receptionists, information clerk, reservation clerk and other services personnel like bell captain, bell boy and doorman.

At the reception, the guest ‘checks in’ and are assisted to go with his baggage to the room with bellboys in attendance.

Front Office Managerscoordinate reservations and room assignments.

Catering departmentThe Catering department includes:

the culinary department

the steward department

the food service department

Executive Chefs Head each of these specialized kitchens under whose direction  the chef de parties  turn out exquisite 

preparations and meals.

The assistant managers Supervise service in the dining room and other areas of the operation

Stewards iHead the restaurant arrangements.

See that everything is in order for the food service department. Under the Maitre d’ Hotel are the trained hotel personnel who serve and attend to the guests in the hotel with drinks and food.

Food and Beverage Manager Plans, organizes and controls the work of the catering department

Deal with customers in all kinds of dining establishments from small informal diners to large restaurants. The job is very hectic during parties and conventions.

Restaurant and Food Service Managers Are responsible for stocks of tableware, linens, paper, cleaning supplies, cooking utensils, and furniture 

and fixtures.

Arrange for equipment maintenance and repairs.

Maintain records of hours and wages of employees, payrolls, and taxes, etc.

Banquet Managers In-charge of catering assignments.

Housekeeping department

Executive Housekeeper who is Responsible for ensuring that guest rooms, meeting and banquet rooms and public areas are clean, 

orderly and well maintained.

They train, schedule and supervise the work of housekeepers, inspect rooms and order cleaning supplies.

They work with a team of housekeepers, maids, cleaners, seamstresses. Aesthetic upkeep and maintenance of equipment is often a round the clock. Shift duties are assigned to most of this staff.

Floor supervisors They supervise the work of room maidsand linen maids and are in-charge of rooms on a floor.

Accounts department

The Chief Accountant Is a chartered accountant, has a team of accountants, auditors, cashiers and accounting clerks working in 

the department.

 Works directly under the executive manager.

Marketing department Sales and marketing division works to identify the needs of prospective customers and sell the services 

which have been developed.

Engineering department Procures, installs and maintains all equipment used in hotels.

Personnel Department Personnel departmentis engaged in the process of recruiting and training fresh personnel as well as 

providing in service training.

It looks into the personnel needs and requirements of its employees

Forecasting Department Key role in the enhancement of profitability of business.

Projects growth in terms of business to arranging financial investments is the task of this department.Skills required

Attitude/ aptitude suitability Flair for creativity Liking for people Ability to shoulder responsibility Ability to work odd hours

Outgoing & pleasant personality Capacity for hard work Flair & flamboyance along with discipline, commitment & dedication Team spirit

Career as Marketing ManagerMarketing jobs entail identification of the needs of the customer , employing marketing strategies with profit objective in mind.

About Marketing Manager : Job Profile  | Employment Opportunities  | How do I get there?  | Where to study?

Job Profile

Marketing managers make decisions about

Product design

Costing

Advertising

Selling and allocation.

Plan and co-ordinate marketing activities

Ensure that the demand and supply is maintained

Use information from market research

Prepare a marketing strategy.

Attend meetings

Give presentations

Write reports  

Other tasks involve :

Consulting with sales department, product developers, promoters and designers

Field work involves significant amounts of travel

Meetings with sales teams

Product appraisals

Customers or market research outcomes for feedback

Skills required

Good communication skills Set viable goals Initiative, enthusiasm Mature judgement Flair to deal with people

Ability to organise and motivate others Numerical aptitude Attention to detail Eye for business opportunity

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Marketing Research Executive

Career as Marketing Research ExecutiveMarket researchers make quantitative and qualitative analysis of customer choices and needs, locate potential customer population, assess the need for a new or improved product, collect relevant information about competing products, suitable location of sale outlets, price of the product and profitability.

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Job Profile

Market Research involves six major steps Project planning- The project in-charge in consultation with statisticians determines the sample size and 

the format of the questionnaire to assemble data.

Designing the questionnaire- Psychologists and demographers prepare the questionnaire and decide upon the locations for the survey.

Field Interview- Field staff complete questionnaires by visiting respondents through home visits, market study, out of town visits.

Statistical Interpretation – The data collected is tabulated and data analysis is done as a team exercise to interpret the findings

Analysis- Market analysts analyze the data according to the objective of the research and make interpretations and suggestions.

Forecasting - Based on the research findings planning is done and most of the activities of the firm are worked out.

Market research executives work as a team with the production, distribution and advertising personnel to interpret the results of their findings for suggesting improvement in an existing product or in planning new products. Skills required

Analytical mind Aptitude and interest in numerical work and problem solving Computational skills Ability to work to meet deadlines

Organized approach Patience Ability to work under stress

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Personnel Manager

Career as Personnel ManagerPersonnel management involves structuring procedures for recruitment, training, placement, promotions and movements within the industry.

About Personnel Manager : Job Profile    | Employment Opportunities    | How do I get there?    | Where to study?   

Job Profile

The size of an organization as well as its professional atmosphere determines the number and quality of specialists involved in the Human Resource Development (HRD) function. However, a typical full fledged  HR department may be headed by a Director of Personnel/Vice President HR, with other Managers taking care of recruitment's, training (staff/management), resource development. There are two critical issues which HR function demands -

First is individual development to provide the organization with skilled workforce for all levels, from operatives to management, and

Secondly, devising suitable training programs for transference and development of individual skills to suit changes in working patterns

The job involves:

Structuring procedures for recruitment

Training, placement

Promotions and movements within the industry

HRD is also committed to employee services for matters concerning health, work related facilities, welfare services, etc

Skills required

Like working with people Patience Persuasive Good negotiating skills Good number skills Leadership qualities are required in senior managers and team leaders

Good social skills Compassion Good communication skills Commercially aware Analytical and problem solving skills

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Public Relations Officer

Career as Public Relations OfficerPublic relations (PR) personnel present their organization in the best possible light, so their objectives, policies or services have positive appeal. They are responsible for corporate communication to maintain a balanced public image of the corporate's performance. Corporate communications departments play a vital role in policy planning as well as in maintaining mutual understanding within the organization.

About Public Relations Officer : Job Profile    | Employment Opportunities    | How do I get there?    | Where to study?   

Job Profile

Corporate Public Relations personnel

Carry out problem analysis for clients or management, set goals, and plan PR activities within an agreed budget

Compile reports, issue press statements, prepare speeches/articles, publish newsletters, brochures, annual reports, leaflets and commission audio tape, film and video production

Control and liaison with media

Keep updated on all fast global communication mediums

Organize and attend interviews, meetings, presentations and conferences, events, press launches, news conferences, exhibitions, trade fairs, etc

Coordinate market research surveys, interviews and opinion polls

PR Consultancy

Undertake the PR function of different types of clients, e.g., corporate, financial, consumer, business to business, public affairs, etc. to carry out the functions mentioned above

P R agencies

Resemble Ad agency in structure and has Client servicing, Media, and Research departments

Client servicing handles clients accounts for all PR services

Devise PR strategy based on the complete understanding of the clients operations and goals

Manage liaison with the media, issue press briefs, make media presentations, coordinate with various mediums of communication

Provide public relation counsel

Research and conduct surveys

Crisis management

Skills required

Analytical mind Alertness for defense structuring Good organizational skills Lively and inquisitive Resilience Patience and diplomacy

Flair for crisis management and vision Good language ability and good oral communication Ability to multi-task Imaginative and creative in handling responsibility Sense of humor

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Retail Manager

Career as Retail ManagerThe retail industry has businesses such as departmental stores, shopping malls and brand outlets. Retail outlets are professionally managed and involve on-floor display, sales, inventory, storage and sales promotions of products.

About Retail Manager : Job Profile    | Employment Opportunities    | How do I get there?    | Where to study?   

Job Profile

Retail marketing involves:

Sourcing and procurement

Merchandising

Supply chain management

Store Operations

Product development

Promotion

Pricing

Distribution to retail outlets

Marketing

Finance

HR and IT operations as part of the support services

Skills required

Dynamic attitude Personal commitment and passion An aptitude for figures, merchandising and inventory management

Knowledge for bulk purchasing Strong customer orientation Genuine willingness to serve Good analytical skills Team player

Creative bent of mind A proactive approach and positive attitude Strong knowledge of product categories Peoples skills in customer care People management skills Pleasing and outgoing personality Persuasive Extrovert

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Rural Manager

Career as Rural ManagerWith the growth of rural based sectors professional management of these has become important. Rural products have to meet the quality standards to suit consumers and producers have to meet these standards while taking care of their aspirations. Rural development projects are being implemented all over the country which are managed by rural managers.

About Rural Manager : Job Profile    | Employment Opportunities    | How do I get there?    | Where to study?   

Job Profile

Rural managers work as analysts and consultants

They devise the most efficient methods of accomplishing work in the rural sector and evolving operating procedures

Analyze operational problems

Study inadequacies of existing structures

Organize information database

Prepare recommendations for implementing new systems or for bringing about changes in existing methods

Streamline operating procedures in all related sectors

Manage all functional areas of management  marketing, finance, systems, project implementation, purchase, human resource development etc.in all segments of  rural based enterprises

Visit rural areas, farmlands for advising and making assessments

Skills required

Interest in Farming, Agriculture Interest in trading Ability to interact with people from different levels such as farmers, traders, business managers, 

industrialists, finance professionals etc Good analytical reasoning

Knowledge of agricultural products and scope of business related to these Good planner Good communication skills Interest in travelling to rural areas

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Sales Manager

Career as Sales ManagerSales and marketing are interdependent functions. While marketing involves market research & analysis, product development, pricing, promotion and sales forecasting, sales management involves assessing and fixing sales targets and working out strategies for its implementation.

About Sales Manager : Job Profile    | Employment Opportunities    | How do I get there?    | Where to study?   

Job Profile

Establish market network for the product

Locate distributors

Plan sale outlets

Establish sales network

Execute orders

Ensure proper supply

Oversee retailing outlets for proper stocking and supply

Skills required

Good communication skills Initiative Set viable goals Team leader/ worker An eye for business opportunity

Good listening skills Ability to organize and motivate others Set viable goals Numerical aptitude Attention to detail and mature judgment are essential

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Travel Counselor

Career as Travel CounselorTravel counselors make tour plans for tourists and clients, plan the itinerary, suggest best travel options and advise about destinations. They operate within the infrastructure set up by the tourism departments of the government and the ancillary services which support the tourism industry.

About Travel Counselor : Job Profile    | Employment Opportunities    | How do I get there?    | Where to study?   

Job Profile

The Tourism sector operates at four levels:

Central Government & State Government level - Directorates & Development Corporations, ITDC hotels, Immigration and customs services.    

Commercial sector  -  Transport &  Travel Services through agencies

Institutional sector  -  Hotels  

Services sector -  Interpreters, tourist guide, sales and publicity

Government departments of Tourism at the centre and states

Formulate policy

Select and develop tourist destinations

Promote international tourism

Plan travel facilities

Publicize destinations

Provide relevant information to tourists.

Immigration department

Check visitor's documents on arrival.

Carry out immigration formalities

Customs department

Check that tourists conform to the law , in terms of currency and products they bring in and take out of the country.

Transport Services includes

Airlines

Land transport(railways,road)

Ships and boats

Travel agencies

Provide detailed information of routes, costs etc.

Research and make the most appropriate travel and hotel bookings for tourists

Make tour plans

Plan the itinerary

Suggest best travel options

Advise about destinations

HotelsThe ratings of hotels determine the service standards. All hotels provide

Food and beverage services

Room bookings & maintenance

Travel information

Recreation facilities

Have security, fire fighting, public relations and business departments

Commercial Services- Guides

Guide tourists in the significance of the destination

Gives all relevant information

Skills required

Business skills, resourcefulness Good memory Appreciation of tourist destinations Computer proficiency Acumen for solving problems

Diplomacy and social etiquettes Interest in serving people Interest in culture and customs Good communication skills

Career-Central › Commerce › Business › Stock Broker

Career as Stock BrokerStock exchanges are like market places where stockbrokers buy and sell securities for individuals or institutions.

About Stock Broker : Job Profile    | Employment Opportunities    | How do I get there?    | Where to study?   

Job Profile

Stock Brokers

Carry out operations for private clients and institutional clients

Act as dealers (client investment managers)

Advise (equity sales advisors)

Provide services for portfolio management

Review investments in the light of trends and developments in the market

Are specialists in Bond issue, mutual funds etc

In large firms stock brokers

Deal with and advise smaller firms

Securities brokers work with private clients to understand the investment plans and objectives of the client i.e expectation for returns and interest in risk taking

Execute orders to buy and sell securities

Advise on the sale and purchase of stock

Advise for investments

Carry out market transactions

Work in pre sales, sales and after sales services for securities

Carry out investment banking for firms and the government

As Securities Analysts

Advise on floatation's of shares in conjunction with the merchant banks

Have knowledge of the market to be able to anticipate certain trends and make predictions

Stockbroking analysts

Work with firms which provide advice on buying and selling of shares and also by those firms which have funds to be managed

Fund managers in merchant banks, insurance and pension funds are involved with huge investments made by millions of investors. The funds are eventually disbursed as insurance claims, pensions etc. They as specialists are financial advisors who provide advice on the how and where concerning investment

Skills required

Tact & patience to deal with people Ambitious outlook Analytical mind Ability to handle complicated problems Ability to interpret findings & make projections Good memory is an asset

Persuasive approach Responsible attitude Logical thinking & imagination Business acumen Good verbal & written communication