card holiday hunger - esdg.our.dmu.ac.uk · social media to recognize signs of bullying. if...
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HOLIDAYHUNGER
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
Upto3millionchildrenriskgoinghungryduringtheschoolholidays,leavingthemvulnerabletomalnutrition.
Thoseatriskofhungeroverthesummerincludemorethan1millionchildrenwhoreceivefreeschoolmealsduringtermtime,and2millionmorewithworkingparentswhoarestillinpoverty
Anestimated8.4millionpeopleintheUKarelivinginhouseholdswithinsufficientfood.Employment is no guarantee that someone will never struggle to provideenough food for their family. One in four low income households in the UKare in a state of food insecurity, which means they are not able to accessenough affordable and nutritious food.
4.5% of people in the UKsaid that, at least once, theywent a full day withoutanything to eat.
Half of mums under 25have had to skip meals tofeed their children and aquarter used foodbanks.
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
SeeOpportunity
TakeAction
DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA
Howisholidayhungerlinkedtolocalcrimelevelsduringtheholidays?
Iftherootcauseofholidayhungerislowincome–whatcanyoudotoaddressthisforparents?
Isthisrelatedtotheneedforbreakfastclubsduringtermtime?
Howtomakenutritiousfoodaccessibleandaffordableandtoensureincreaseincomeisspentonaddressingholidayhunger?
Howcanyoumakeyourinterventionsustainable–environmentallyandeconomically?
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Thepositiveimpactonpoorerchildrenwhoattendedfreemealandfunprojectsduringtheholidayswasstark,thereportsaid.
Howcanyoutackleholidayhungerandaddresstheneedforhealthyeatingandexercise? 5.
CYBER-BULLYING
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
Ditchthelabel.org,aninternationalanti-bullyingcharity,estimatesthataround5.43millionyoungpeopleinthe UKhavebeenthevictimsof cyberbullying.
Morethan16,000youngpeopleareabsentfromschoolduetobullying.
In the UK, over 1.26 million young people are subjected to extremecyberbullying on a daily basis. This can included receiving threatening oraggressive texts, emails or instant messages. Cyberbullying can lead topsychological effects in victims, including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem and physical illness.
LGBTQyoungpeoplearethreetimesmorelikelytobebulliedthanheterosexualyoungpeople.
Researcherssaythatbullyingusuallyendswithin10secondsofaninterventionbypeers.
AlmosthalfofallgirlsintheUKhaveexperiencedsomeformofharassmentorabuseonsocialmedia,
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA
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TakeAction
Howcanyouhelpraiseawarenessoftheissue.IntheUnitedKingdom,Portsmouth-basedstudentsocialenterprise RockClothing wantstochangethat.HeadedbystudentKeiran O’Toole,RockClothinghasorganised ananti-bullyingconference.
Howwouldyoursolutionaddresstheneedsofparentsandteachers?
Whatcanbedonetoensureeverychildreceivesaneducation?
Whatrolecanmentorsandpeersupportprovidetoaddresstheproblems?
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Countriesthatprovideallchildrenwithsecondaryeducationcuttheirriskofwarinhalf.
Ateamat atauniversity developedanappthatscansphotos,videosandsocialmediatorecognizesignsofbullying.Ifdetected,theappalertsthevictim,theirparents,schooladministratorsandeventheperpetrator,ineffectprovidingtotalvisibilitytostopbullyinginitstracks.
HYGIENEPOVERTY
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
Morethanfourin10parents(43%)saidtheyhavehadtogowithoutbasichygieneorcleaningproductsbecausetheycan’taffordthem.
Almostoneinfive(18%)admittheirchildwearsthesameunderwearatleasttwodaysinarow.
Thenumberonereasonwhyunder-10svisitA&Eisdentalhygiene-related.
Oneinfourfamiliessurveyedhavegonewithouttoiletriesbecauseoffinancialdifficulties.
Two-thirds of primary school teachers who responded (63%) said theysee children turning up in dirty clothes; almost half (47%) have children whocome to school without having cleaned their teeth, and eight in 10 said theyhave seen an increase in the numbers of pupils coming to school unwashed.
Surgingdemandforbasicslikeshowergel,shampoo,andsanitarytowelshasbeenreportedtoHuffPost UKbyorganisationsworkingtohelpthoseconsideredtobelivinginanemerging hygienepoverty.
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
SeeOpportunity
TakeAction
DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA
HowcanwhatweknowaboutFoodBanksapplytoHygieneBanks?
Howwouldyouaddresstheroot-causesofthisproblem?
Howwouldyoucollaboratewithlocalschools?
Howcanyouhelppeoplewithoutcreatingmoreofastigmaandriskridiculeandbullyingofbeneficiaries?
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Childpsychologistsclaim“Children’sself-esteemisgreatlyaffectedbythereactionofthosearoundthem– andiftheyarestigmatised,ridiculedorrejectedbytheirpeersbecauseofpoorbasichygiene,theirsenseofself-worthwillquicklynose-dive.
Schoolsarehavingtointervenetosupportstrugglingfamilieswhoarehavingtochoosebetweenfoodorpersonalhygiene
NUMERACY&LITERACY
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
Educationisthefirststeptobreakingthecycleofpoverty.Everyonehastherighttoaneducation.
With access to education, children gain the skills and tools to empowerthemselves and their communities. Education provides the opportunity forchildren to learn, grow and become empowered to lead the life they wantto live. When children are educated, they are armed with the courage andself-confidence to better themselves, and ultimately the next generation.
Ifeverychildleftprimaryschoolwiththereadingskillstheyneed,theUKeconomycouldseea£32.1billionboostby2025.
About8millionworkingageadultshave'below-
functional'numeracyskillsandabout5million
have 'below-functional'literacyskillsinEngland
Twice asmanyboysaged8to11saidtheyenjoyreadingcomparedwithboysaged14to16.
1.7millionadultsinEnglandhaveliteracylevelsbelowthoseexpectedofan11-year-old.
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA
Isthisanissueformaturepeopleasmuchasschoolchildren?
Howmuchoftheroot-causeisrelatedtootherissuestobeconsidered?
Doyoufeelabettersocietyreliesonliteracyforall?
Whatroleshouldemployersplaygivenmanypeoplewithlowlevelsofattainmentareinemployment?
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Oneinfive15-year-oldsarenotachievingbaselinestandardsinreading, Literacy andmathematics
Countriesthatprovideallchildrenwithsecondaryeducationcuttheirriskofwarinhalf.
SOCIALISOLATION
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
Lonelypeoplearemorelikelytosufferfromdementia,heartdiseaseanddepression.
For older adults — one in five of whom is affected by social isolation — theabsence of a shoulder to lean on or a hand to hold, of someone to count onin times of stress and need, can be crushing. What’s more, it can havealarming emotional and physical effects.
Socialisolationaffectsnearly1in5olderadults.
Itisclaimedthatthehealthrisksofprolongedisolationareequivalenttosmoking15
cigarettesaday.
Lonelinessisworseforyouthanobesity.
Alongwithitscousin,loneliness,isolationisassociatedwithahigherriskofmortalityinolderadults.Higherbloodpressure,increasedsusceptibilitytothefluandotherinfectiousdiseases,greaterriskofheartdisease,earlieronsetofdementia— allarelinkedtosocialisolation.
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA
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Astudyby TheCo-opandtheBritishRedCrossrevealsover9millionpeopleintheUKacrossalladultages– morethanthepopulationofLondon– areeitheralwaysoroftenlonely.
Researchby Sensehasshownthatupto50%ofdisabledpeoplewillbelonelyonanygivenday.
Whataretheotherissuesrelatedtosocialisolationandloneliness?Eg,reducedindependentliving.
Howwouldyoureachlonelyindividuals??
Whatcanbedonetohelplonelypeoplemakemeaningfulconnectionswithothers?
Whatrolewilltechnologyplayinprovidingapartofthesolution?
Howcouldyouinvolveolderpeopletoco-developthesolutionorservice?
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HOMELESSNESS
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
Everyday150familiesintheUKbecomehomeless.Thenumberofrough-sleepershasincreasedby132%since2010.Strict criteria must be met in order to gain homelessness assistance from alocal authority. There is no single reason why people are homeless acrossthe UK – many of fleeing abuse, have lost their job or have suffered arelationship breakdown.
LGBTQyouthareatagreaterriskofhomelessnessbya
factorof2.2
Morethanhalfofyoungpeoplebecomehomelessbecauseofa
relationshipbreakdown–usuallywiththeirparents.
Itcoststhetaxpayer£26,000ayearforeachhomeless
person.
77% ofhomelesspeoplesufferfrommentalhealth.
1.7millionadultsinEnglandhaveliteracylevelsbelowthoseexpectedofan11-year-old.
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA
Howistheissueofhomelessnessrelatedtohealthissues?
Arecurrentservicestosupporthomelesspeopleandrough-sleepersavailableonweekends?
Howcanyoumakeyourimpactsustainableovertimeandnotjustahand-out?
Whatrolecouldemployersplayinbeingpartofthesolution?
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EndingroughsleepingisanincreasingpolicypriorityacrosstheUK.
Toend roughsleeping, solutions needtoaddressbothaccommodationandsupportneeds.
HOUSEHOLDDEBT
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
Britain’shouseholddebtmountainhasreachedanewpeak,withUKhomesnowowinganaverageof£15,385tocreditcardfirms,banksandotherlenders,accordingtotheTUC..In 2017, British households spent on average £900 more than they earned and thismoney was predominantly borrowed. The amount of debt in unsecured credit – “suchas credit cards and payday loans” – is at an all-time high of £205bn, said the Guardian.Figures show that almost 90% of consumer credit was held by those who had debt twoyears earlier. It now appears “renters” make up the largest proportion of credit debtbalances.
Over1.1mhouseholdshavesavingsunder£1,000and4.3mhouseholdshaveno
savingsatall.
Over2.9mrentersareinrentarrearsorstrugglingtopay
theirrents.
Over6.2mUKhouseholdsarefinanciallyvulnerableand3.2mUKhouseholdsareinfinancialdifficultynow.
Wearelivinginaperiodinwhichsavingisnotanoptionformany;an ONS reportsays“backintheearly1990s,theaveragehouseholdhadaround£120leftovertosavefromevery£1,000ofincome(aftertakingouttheirspendingandtaxes).Bycontrast,in2017thishadfallenbytwo-thirdstojust£41,whichisthelowestever.”
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA
Istheprovisionofdebtadvicesufficienttothosewhoneedimpartialadvice?
WhataretherootcausesofthisproblemthatcanbetackledpracticallywithbigGovernmentinterventions?
Howcanbanksandfinancialorganisations helpmore?
Howmuchofthesolutionisbehaviour change?
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Low-educatedyoungadultsareparticularlylikelytobestruggling.Theyarebothmorelikelytobeinhouseholdsthatareinarrearsandtendtohavedebts(e.g.hirepurchaseandmailorder)thatneedtoberepaidmorequickly.
Toaddressthisproblemsolutionsneedtodomorethanmerelyincreaseincome.
FUELPOVERTY
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
Householdsarenowdefinedasfuelpooriftheyfacehighfuelcosts(spending10%ormoreoftheirincomeonfuel)andareonalowincome.
Fuelpovertyisnowwidelyrecognised intheUKasadistinctformofsocialinequalityandinjustice.
Britainhasahighlevelofexcesswinterdeathscomparedtoothercountrieswithsimilarclimates.Ifonlyatenthofthesearedirectlyattributabletofuelpoverty,thisaccountsfor2,700deathsa yearinEnglandandWales.Livinginacoldhomehasdetrimentaleffectsonphysicalhealthandmentalhealth,particularlyrespiratoryandcardiovascularconditions.Peoplelivingincoldhomesaremorelikelytoexperiencesocialisolation.
The HillsFuelPovertyReview identifiesthatalthoughconnectedtogeneralpoverty,fuelpovertyshouldbeconsideredaseparateandimportantissueforanumberofreasonsincluding:
Thereissomeassociationbetweencoldhomesandtruancy,anti-socialbehaviourandnegativeeffectsoneducationattainment.Peoplelivinginapropertywhichisdifficulttokeepwarmmayhavetofaceahardchoicebetweenheatingandeating.Thereissomeevidenceofreducedfoodspendingduringthecoldestperiodsbypensionersonthelowestincomes.
Estimatesexceed25,000peoplewhodiefromthecoldintheUKeveryyear.Mostofwidowersinsocialhousing.
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA
Howistheissueoffuelpovertyrelatedtohealthissues?
Arecurrentservicestosupportthefuelpooraccessibletoallthatneedit?
Howcanyoumakeyourimpactsustainableovertimeandnotjustahand-out?
Whatrolecouldfamilymembers/friendsplayinbeingpartofthesolution?
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EndingfuelpovertyisanincreasingpolicypriorityacrosstheUK.
Currentlymorethan5millionhouseholdsintheUKcan’taffordtokeepadequatelywarminwinter,oftenasaresultofpoorinsulationstandardsandinefficientheatingintheirhomes..
DOMESTICVIOLENCE
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
Domesticabusecostssocietyanestimated£66billionayearintermsofcoststo
services,economicoutput,humanandemotionalcosts.
Theestimatedcostforasinglevictimofdomesticabuseis
£34,015(1,946,000estimatedvictims)(ONS2017a)
Anestimated2.0millionadultsaged16to59years
experienceddomesticabuseinthelastyear(1.3millionwomen,695,000men).
Developedinassociationwith
Accordingtothe OfficeofNationalStatistics (ONS)about4.2%ofmenand7.9 %ofwomensufferdomesticabuseintheUKduring2018.Domestic abuse is a largely hidden crime, occurring primarily at home. Women oftendon’t report or disclose domestic abuse to the police and may under-report domesticabuse in surveys, particularly during any in person interviews. In addition, majority ofthe estimates around domestic violence ignore important knock-on effects such ashow the violence creates fear and damages self esteem in other scenarios, or thosewho experience coercive controlling behaviour and the effects this has.
Metropolitan Police figures show a 95% increase in adolescent on parent violencebetween 2012-2016. National figures show similar rises. Whilst police argue this maybe due to increased recording of incidents, it is becoming a recognised problem.
Onaverage100callsperhourarereceivedbythepoliceinEnglandandWales.Womenwhoexperiencedomesticviolencearetwiceaslikelytoexperiencedepression.
5.6%ofwomenand2.4%ofmenexperiencednon-sexualpartnerabuseinthelastyear(2017/18).
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
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Domesticviolenceunderminesmanyaspectsoflifeandisrecognisedasaprioritypolicyarea
Solutionsneedtodevelopresilienceandempowerthenotionwhilstrecognisingtheperpetratoralsoneedssupport.
Howwouldyouaddresstheroot-cause(s)ofthisproblem?
Howcanyouhelppeoplewithoutcreatingmoreofariskforthemintheircurrentsituation?
Howcanyouhelpraiseawarenessofthisissue?
Howcanyoufosterresilienceinyoungpeoplewhowitnessviolencebetweenparents?
AIRPOLUTION
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
EnvironmentAuditCommitteehasestimatedthattotalhealthcostsasaresultofairpollutionrange
between£8.5- £20.2billionayear.
DepartmentofEnvironment,Food&RuralAffairs(Defra)estimatedthatin2012,poorair
qualitycosttheeconomy£2.7billionthroughproductivityloss.
Airpollutionisoneofthemajorenvironmentaldeterminantsofhealth,andthereisgoodevidenceithassignificantimpacton,amongstotherthings,theincidenceandseverityofcardiovasculardiseaseandlunghealth.Ithasbothshortandlong-termhealtheffects,andhasaparticularimpactonchildrenastheygrow.
EvidencefromtheGovernment’sCommitteeontheMedicalEffectsofAirPollution(COMEAP)suggeststhatsome29,000deathsperyear(4,000inLondonalone)arebroughtforwardbyexposuretoman-madeparticulateairpollutionatcurrentlevels.
Developedinassociationwith
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
DISCUSSandDEVELOPYOURPROJECTIDEA
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Increaseawarenessandencouragepeopletoreducetheirpersonalcarbonfootprint
Cancompaniesbeencouragedtobemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandpassthismessageontotheiremployees
Howwouldyouaddresstheroot-cause(s)ofthisproblem?
Whatcanbedonetomakepeoplemoreawareofeverydaycauses?
Howcanyouhelpreducetheseeverydaycauses?
Whatrolecouldemployersplayinbeingpartofthesolution?
ADOPTIONandFOSTERING
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
49%ofyoungmenundertheageof21whohavecomeinto
contactwiththecriminaljusticesystemhavebeenincareforaperiodoftime
OnandonedayintheUK:83,000childrenareincareawayfromthehomeofwhichnearly80%(65,000children)livewithfosterfamilies.*Ofthosechildrenseekingadoptivefamilies,aroundonethird(2,200children)findthem.**.
Lookedafterchildrenmightbelivingwithfosterparents,livinginaresidentialchildren'shomeorlivinginresidentialsettingslikeschoolsorsecureunits.Achildstopsbeinglookedafterwhentheyareadopted,returnhome,moveinwithanotherfamilymember,becomesubjecttoaspecialguardianshiporresidenceorder,orwhentheyturn18.LocalauthoritiesintheUKarerequiredtosupportchildrenleavingcareat18untiltheyareatleast21.Childrenmayentercareforallsortsofreasons.Butmanyenterbecausetheyhavebeenabusedorneglected.Theseexperiencescanleavechildrenwithcomplexemotionalandmentalhealthneeds,whichcanincreasetheirvulnerabilitytoabuse.***Thismeansthatfosterandadoptiveparentsneedspecialistskillstosupportthesetraumatisedandtroubledyoungpeople
Childrenincaretendtohavepooreroutcomeswhencomparedtochildreninthegeneralpopulation:
Lowereducationalattainment,41%of19-year-oldcareleaverswerenotineducation,employmentortraining(NEET)comparedwith15%forall19-year-olds. Childrenincarearealsomorelikelytoexperiencementalandphysicalhealthissues.
22%offemalecareleaversbecometeenageparents
Placingachildinaresidentialcarehomecancostupto£272,000pa
Developedinassociationwith
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
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Moreeffectivesupportforyoungpeopleincareisapriority,butistheretoomuchfocusonnumbersandnotonoutcomes.
Solutionsneedtobefoundtoreducethenumberofchildrentakenintocare,andtoimprovetheoutcomesofthoseincareandthoseleavingcare.
Whataretherootcausesofchildrenbeingtakenintocare?
Howcanoutcomesforchildrenincarebeimproved?
Howcanyouhelpraiseawarenessofthisissue?
Whatotherstakeholderscouldbeinvolvedinasolution?
*https://www.thefosteringnetwork.org.uk/advice-information/all-about-fostering/fostering-statistics**https://corambaaf.org.uk/fostering-adoption/looked-after-children-adoption-fostering-statistics/statistics-england***(Bazalgette,Rahilly,andTrevelyan,2015;Lukeetal,2014).Notethatsomestatisticsdatesvary
MEANINGFULOCCUPATION
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
Approximately1.5millionpeopleintheUKhavea
learningdisabilityPeoplewithProfoundMultipleLearningDifficulties(“PMLD”)struggletoentertheworkforce.Theyneedtobesupportedtounderstandwhatitistheymightliketodothatwouldsuittheirskillset.Theyalsoneedhelpfindingemployersthatwouldsupportthem.
PeoplewithPMLDcanonlyworklimitedhoursotherwisetheirdisabilitybenefitsarecut(thesearefundamentaltotheirhealthandwellbeing).
Peoplewithlearningdisabilitiesarelesslikelytobeemployedthanpeoplewithout.Itismoredifficultforpeoplewithlearningdisabilitiestogetajob,stayinworkandmakeprogressatwork.
6%ofadultswithalearningdisabilityareinpaidwork.Of
this:28%hadamildormoderatelearningdisabilityand10%hadaseverelearningdisability.0%ofpeoplewithPMLDwereemployed.*
Anumberofbarrierstoworkhavebeenidentifiedforthosewithlearningdifficulties:
- Negativeattitudesorlowexpectations- Skillsandqualificationsgap- Lackofflexible,personalisedemploymentprogrammes
- Unfairtreatment- Issuesrelatingtoaccess- Manydon’tfeelcomfortabletalkingabouttheirdifficultiesatwork
5%ofadultswithalearningdisabilityarein
voluntarywork
Developedinassociationwith
ISSUE/CHALLENGECARD
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EducatingemployersandbuildingawarenessastothebenefitsofhiringandsupportingpeoplewithPMLDintheworkplace.
Thereisverylittleguidanceonhowemployersmightbetterengagedisabledemployeesthroughworkplacelearningprovision.
* https://www.mencap.org.uk/learning-disability-explained/research-and-statistics/employment
Howwouldyougoaboutcausingasystemicchangeinthisarea?
Arethereanyquick-winsolutionsthatmighthelpthesituation?Ifso,whatmighttheybe?
WhatdoesmeaningfuloccupationlooklikeforpeoplewithPMLD,whatdoes‘good’looklike?
Whoiscurrentlypushingthisagendaandmightbeausefulpartner?