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Oxides of Carbon

-Nikhil Mark Lakra

14/IBT/027

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The simplest and most common oxocarbonsare carbon monoxide (CO) and carbondioxide (CO 2). There are other

metastable oxides of carbon, but they arerarely encountered, such as carbonsuboxide (C 3O 2) and mellitic

anhydride (C 12 O ).

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Carbon Monoxide

!t is formed byincompletecombustion ofcarbon and carboncontainin" fuels.

#i"h temperatureand limited supplyof air or O 2 fa$ourthe formation ofCO.

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In Laboratory CO is prepared by

%ehydration of formic acid by conc. # 2&O'

#COO# # 2O CO

y passin" carbon dioxide o$er heated carbon.

CO 2 C 2CO

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Properties & Uses

Carbon monoxide is colourless, odourless *hi"hly +ammable . CO is extremelypoisonous since binds ti"htly to the iron

atom of the haemo"lobin in red blood cells,thereby, inhibitin" their ability to bind ithoxy"en and carry it to the brain and otherparts of the body tissues.

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!n !ndustry, CO forms and importantconstituent of fuel "ases li-e ater "as (CO # 2), producer "as (CO 2) etc.

Water gas or synthesis gas is prepared bypassin" steam o$er red hot co-e.

C # 2O CO # 2 (steam )

Producer gas is prepared by passin" air o$er redhot co-e.

2C O 2 ' 2 CO ' 2

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!t is a po erful reducing agent .!t reduces metal oxides to correspondin" metalse.".,

/e 2O 3 3CO 2/e 3CO 2

!t reduces ammonaical 0" O3 to metallic 0".

2 0"( # 3)2 O# CO 20" CO 2

# 2O ' # 3

!t is used for manufacturin" methyl alcohols,

formic acid etc.

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Carbon dioxide!t is the principalproduct oxide ofcarbon formed from

the combustion ofhydrocarbon fuels

!t is a colourless,odourless "ashea$ier than air.4nli-e CO, it is nonpoisonous.

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!t can also be obtained by

heatin" metal carbonates ( other than those ofal-ali earth metals).

#eat

5nCO 3 5nO CO 2 #eat

6"CO 3 6"O CO 2

treatin" any metallic carbonate ith dilute mineralacids

CaCO 3 2#Cl CaCl 2 # 2O CO 2

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Commercially CO 2 is produced as a by product

of ammonia manufacture for hich # 2 isobtained from ater "as.

CO # 2O CO 2 # 2 (/rom ater "as)

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Properties

!t is sli"htly soluble in in ater. 7hendissol$ed in ater, some of the moleculesreact ith ater to form carbonic acid.

# 2O CO 2 # 2CO 3!n a solution ith "rater part of the dissol$es CO 2 remains loosely hydrated. # 2CO 3 or carbonic acid is

ea- dibasic acid.

7ith ammonia, it forms 4rea

CO 2 2 # 3 # 2CO 2 # ' CO( # 2)2 # 2O

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Carbon dioxide reacts ith al-alis to "i$e

carbonates and bicarbonates.CO 2 aO# a#CO 3 &odium icarbonate

&olid carbon dioxide (i.e. in the form of dryice) are used in processes re8uirin" lar"escale refri"eration.

Carbon dioxide is also used in 9reextin"uishers as a desirable alternati$e to

ater for most 9res.