carbon free future of european cities - helsinki.fi free future of european cities +4 ... - nuclear...

EUCO2 80/50 project and hands-on experience

from Oslo

Irma Karjalainen

Director

HSY, Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority

Carbon free future

of European cities

+4

C global warming ?

• World Bank says that consequences are

potentially devastating:

– Inundation of coastal cities

– Increasing risks for food production and

higher malnutrition rates

– Many dry regions becoming dryer,

wet regions wetter

– Unprecedented heat waves in many regions

– Substantially exacerbated water scarcity in

many regions

– Increased intensity of tropical cyclones

http://climatechange.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/Turn_Down_the_heat_Why_a_4_degree_centrigrade_warmer_world_must_be_avoided.pdf




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Gt (C

O2

)

RCP 8.54,0-6,1 °C

RCP 6.02,6-3,7 °C

RCP 4.52,0-3,0 °C

RCP 3.0-PD1,3-1,9 °C

Actualemissions

Global CO2 emissions and new scenarios

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

Gt (C

O2

)

RCP 8.54,0-6,1 °C

RCP 6.02,6-3,7 °C

RCP 4.52,0-3,0 °C

RCP 3.0-PD1,3-1,9 °C

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

Gt (C

O2

)

RCP 8.54,0-6,1 °C

RCP 6.02,6-3,7 °C

RCP 4.52,0-3,0 °C

RCP 3.0-PD1,3-1,9 °C

Source: Peters et al. 2012; Le Quéré et al. 2012; CDIAC Data; Global Carbon Project 2012

Current trend leads here…

…but this is where

we want to be!

Irma Karjalainen 24.1.2013

• Objective: 80 %

reduction of urban

greenhouse gas

emissions by 2050

• 15 metropolitan regions

with total population of

48 million >

10 % of the population

of Europe

• Lead partner Hamburg

• METREX

• 2009-2011

EUCO2 80/50 project

EUCO2 80/50 project A two stage project:

1. Regional greenhouse gas

inventories

– First comparative study with a

big number of important

metropolitan areas

– Basis for regional mitigation

activities

2. Scenario workshops

– How to reach -80 %?

– Basis for a consensual

mitigation strategy and political

implementation


Stage 1: regional inventories


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

tCO

2e p

er

capita

Agriculture

Waste

Transport

Services

Residential

Industry

Industrial Processes

Energy Industry

Fugitive

• 350 high-level stakeholders (economy, politics,

administration, science und NGOs) run 50

scenario sessions and develop roadmaps for

effective and consensual mitigation

• GRIP scenario tool helps to visualize effects of

different mitigation measures


Stage 2: scenario workshops

Stage 2: key findings 1/3

1. Only 35% of the scenarios reached the target of

an 80% reduction

2. Southern European stakeholders were less

confident in mitigation chances than the rest of

Europe

3. Low Carbon Electricity generation is key to

mitigation

4. 100% de-carbonised grid would on its own

reduce European CO2 emissions by less than

25%



5. Emissions reductions in the building sector are

key to mitigation

6. Increased industrial efficiency can contribute

substantially to emissions reductions

7. Savings in electrical energy are necessary even

with a de-carbonised grid

8. Road transport is also essential



• Contribution

of different

sectors to

overall 80 %

reduction goal:


• 94 %, 87 % and 77 % reduction scenarios

Results from Helsinki workshops

Sector Principal emission reduction measures

District

heating

- Adoption of CCS-technology in all power plants,

fossil fuels remain dominant

- Increased use (to 20-40 %) of biofuels

- Nuclear waste heat suggested in one workshop -80 %

emission

reduction

by the year

2050

Electricity - Carbon neutral Finnish grid with some CCS-coal

- Wind up to 12 %, nuclear 40-45 %

- Local production was considered insignificant


• 94 %, 87 % and 77 % reduction scenarios

Results from Helsinki workshops

Special report: http://www.hsy.fi/seututieto/Documents/

Ilmasto/EUCO2%20workshop%20report%20Helsinki.pdf

Sector Principal emission reduction measures

Buildings

- Improved energy efficiency in buildings (by 50 %)

- Reduced electricity consumption

- Conversion to low-emission cogeneration (CHP)

- More heat pumps, no fuel oil

-80 %

emission

reduction

by the

year

2050

Transport - Increased use of plug-in hybrids and EVs

(electricity 50 %)

- All or almost all fossil fuels replaced (biofuels 40 %)

- Improved energy efficiency (by 30 %)

- Mileage increases but less than population


http://www.hsy.fi/seututieto/Documents/Ilmasto/EUCO2 workshop report Helsinki.pdf






80 % reduction is possible!


Reports and more info:

http://www.euco2.org/




Sustainability

in the City of Oslo

Environmental planning

• Oslo facts

• The Environment and Climate Action Plan

• Waste and waste water management

• Transport fuels

• Green Mobility


Oslo’s GHG emissions: 2.3 t/per capita

Fluorinated gases and solvents

7 %

Stationary sources

38 %

Transport/ Mobile

sources 50 %

Other sources

5 %


Oslo climate goals

• GHG emissions reduction of 50% by 2030 and

climate neutral by 2050

– Clear targets for a climate neutral and efficient

transport system and carbon free heating

– Public transport to be fossil free by 2020

– Oslo will reduce GHG emissions from all transport by

50 % by 2030

– Fossil free district heating powered by heat from

sewage and domestic waste


Hannover -40 % by 2020

from 1990

Copenhagen -50 % by 2015

from 2005

-100 % by 2025

Stockholm -100% by 2050

from 1990

London -60 % by 2050

from 2000

-20 % by 2016

Freiburg

-40% by 2030

from 1995

-25 % by 2010

Helsinki -20% by 2020

carbon neutral 2050

Münster Target achieved

-21 % by 2005

- 40 % by 2020

Oslo

-50 % by 2030

from 1991

-100 % by 2050

A leading international sustainable city


Waste and waste

water management


Oslo’s cycle-based waste management system


hazardous glass paper

waste metal cardboad

Bio fertilizer District heating

Bio gas Electricity

Waste-to-Energy Agency

City of Oslo

Contruction

waste re-use,

recycling

and energy

recovery

Oslo’s reuse of waste heat and waste water -the renewable energy producer

Sewage and waste heat

Biogas

Fuel for 80 buses

and 140 refuse collection trucks

Energy to district heating

250 GWh, heating 21 000 homes,

Sludge for agriculture farmland

Fertiliser 140 t

= Fosfor 110 000

bags of min.fertiliser,

30 kg/bag

Annual production

optical

sorting

Waste–to-Energy Agency

City of Oslo

Efficient sorting and re-use of domestic waste

• 94 % of all household waste is either

energy recovered or material recycled

• 90 % of all inhabitants live within 300 m

of a waste return point

• All homes included in waste sorting


• Organic waste to biogas

• Plastic waste to new products

• Waste to district heating

From plastic wrapping to new products

• The national plastic recycling system: – The plastic is optically sorted in Oslo, melted

and transformed into new plastic products in

Germany

– Worlds largest, and the only sorting plant

with mechanical presorting process in Oslo


District heating


District heating at Oslo will

be fossil free by 2016

(20 % fossil 2012)

• Fossil free district heating

powered by heat from

sewage and domestic

waste and bioenergy

• Oslo’s municipal buildings

oil-free from 2012

• 2 waste incineration plants


Transport


All public transport to be fossil free by 2020

All transport GHG reduction by 50 % by 2030:

Metro Trams Buses run by

biogas hydrogen hybrid biodiesel bioethanol

Boats - biogas Local trains

Oslo – Electric Car

Capital of the World?

• 2500 electric cars in the Oslo

urban area,

4000 in the metropolitan region

• No charge at toll ring

• Use of public transport lanes

• Free parking for EV’s

• EV’s and hydrogen cars are

exempt from Vehicle Import

Duty and VAT

• Rapid charging project


500 public charging stations for EV’s by

....230 private charging stations

Foto: Mona Strande


The world’s first public commercial car-sharing scheme with EV’s.

• 13 electric cars at three central locations


Hydrogen – five new buses and regional hydrogen infrastructure


Oslo is creating early markets for

hydrogen,

4 filling stations and

17 hydrogen fuel cell cars

A hydrogen refuellng station

a world first as the station is supplied

by hydrogen produced from domestic waste.

Transport planning


62% of journeys on public transport system by rail

Railwa

y

Metr

o

Tram


Is level of car traffic reducing?

Improvement of public

transport

new metro

carriages,

new price structure,

high frequency

car traffic -3%

Road charging for financing transport

infrastructure and reducing transport demand

City

Hall

RING 3

RINGROAD

2

RING ROAD

3

RING

1


Green mobility in

Oslo is about… …attractive city for

pedestrians

…improving public transport

…introduction of green

vehicles and infrastructure for

electro and hydrogen mobility

…transforming the city to be

bike friendly


Conclusions: A great city needs a great green policy

• Strong political leadership

• Good urban governance and strong management

• Clear goals

• Civil society involvement

• Best practice

• Dedicated people, action plan and concrete actions

• Knowledge dissemination

-


Thank you!

More information: • www.hsy.fi/seututieto/Documents/Ilmasto/EUCO2%20workshop%20report%20

Helsinki.pdf

• www.hsy.fi/seututieto/Documents/Ilmasto/EUCO2-Results-Summary-

mall_FINAL%20VERSION.pdf

• www.oslogogreen.no

• www.hsy.fi/seututieto/ilmasto/










http://www.oslogogreen.no/

http://www.hsy.fi/seututieto/ilmasto/

http://www.hsy.fi/seututieto/ilmasto/