CARBON CONCRETE ADDITIVE

Contents:

Brochure

Draft Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Air Quality Testing

GDOT I-20 test results, August 26-27

ASTMC494 test program (1-56 day)

GDOT I-20 test results, August 11

Field Reports

o Compressive Strength ASTM C 39

o Split Tensile ASTM C 496

o Abrasion Resistance ASTM C 779

o Bulk Electrical Resistivity

(Correlated to Rapid Chloride

Permeability) ASTM C 1202

Case Studies

o GDOT I-20 Trial

o Retaining Wall

o Aggregate Bin

o Spillway and Drainage System

CARBON CONCRETE ADDITIVE

Harness the abrasion resistance and bonding strength of carbon nanotubes for your next pour.Developed by Eden Innovations, EdenCreteTM is a carbon nanotube- enriched liquid additive that elevates concrete structures to new levels of strength and toughness. When added to concrete mixtures, it performs like multiple additives rolled into one: It boosts surface abrasion resistance and produces extremely low permeability while improving tensile-strength like no other product on the market today.

TOUGHER STRONGER CONCRETE

How does EdenCreteTM make concrete tougher?Good question. When added to concrete mixtures, carbon nanotubes in EdenCreteTM fill in spaces at

the nanoscopic level by bonding to hydrated cement particles. When concrete dries, instead of

leaving porous openings that would allow water to penetrate or cracks to develop, these nanotubes

create millions of flexible, strong carbon bridges throughout the structure. These carbon bridges greatly

improve resistance to failure caused by bending stresses, resulting in greater resistance to abrasive

wear and crack propagation. In fact, not only does EdenCreteTM make concrete stronger, we believe

it can also increase concrete longevity beyond traditional expectations.

The strength of carbon fiber—now available in concrete.What exactly are carbon nanotubes? These submicroscopic cylinders of carbon, barely 1/50,000th

the diameter of a human hair, have revolutionized dozens of industries and thousands of products from

aerospace applications to electronics to sporting equipment. Why? Carbon nanotubes are ounce for

ounce 117 times stronger than steel and 30 times stronger than bulletproof Kevlar, yet extremely light.

These carbon nanotubes create enhanced bonds at the interfacial transition zone between the cement

paste and the aggregate, resulting in superior pullout capacity and greater aggregate fracture when

failure is reached. Simply put, the aggregate breaks before the concrete does.

Concrete Pullout without EdenCreteTM. Notice the flat, smooth areas where aggregate has pulled out of the cement paste. The concrete fails before the aggregate.

Concrete Pullout with EdenCreteTM. Notice the aggregate fractures before the concrete bond fails.

EdenCreteTM carbon nanotubes form denser bonds at the molecular level.

75,000X

Tested for consistent, reliable results.EdenCreteTM has undergone extensive research and development, laboratory testing, and field trials in different environments and projects around the globe. It has been vetted and designated Allowed for Use by the Georgia Department of Transportation for construction and maintenance projects in Class 24-Hour accelerated strength concrete mix applications and Class B concrete applications.

Recent ASTM testing speaks for itself. You can see why EdenCreteTM is generating so much excitement and interest throughout the industry.

EdenCrete Control

59% Increase in Abrasion Resistance ASTM C779, Proc. C

Dep

th o

f wea

r (in

.)

1 units5 10 15 20

0.00

0.04

0.08

0.12

.016

61% Reduction in Shrinkage ASTM C157

21 days 28 days

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

% L

engt

h Ch

ange

EdenCrete Control

41% Increase in Compressive StrengthASTM C39

28 days 56 days

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

PSI

32% Increase in Flexural StrengthASTM C78

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

PSI

46% Increase in Tensile StrengthASTM C496

PSI

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

54% Reduction in Permeability Bulk Electrical Resistivity (Correlated to RCPT; ASTM C1202]

28 days

AGEAGE

AGE

AGE

AGE 56 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

59% Increase in Abrasion Resistance ASTM C779, Proc. C

Dep

th o

f wea

r (in

.)

1 units5 10 15 20

0.00

0.04

0.08

0.12

.016

61% Reduction in Shrinkage ASTM C157

21 days 28 days

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

% L

engt

h Ch

ange

EdenCrete Control

41% Increase in Compressive StrengthASTM C39

28 days 56 days

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

PSI

32% Increase in Flexural StrengthASTM C78

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

PSI

46% Increase in Tensile StrengthASTM C496

PSI

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

54% Reduction in Permeability Bulk Electrical Resistivity (Correlated to RCPT; ASTM C1202]

28 days

AGEAGE

AGE

AGE

AGE 56 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

59% Increase in Abrasion Resistance ASTM C779, Proc. C

Dep

th o

f wea

r (in

.)

1 units5 10 15 20

0.00

0.04

0.08

0.12

.016

61% Reduction in Shrinkage ASTM C157

21 days 28 days

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

% L

engt

h Ch

ange

EdenCrete Control

41% Increase in Compressive StrengthASTM C39

28 days 56 days

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

PSI

32% Increase in Flexural StrengthASTM C78

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

PSI

46% Increase in Tensile StrengthASTM C496

PSI

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

54% Reduction in Permeability Bulk Electrical Resistivity (Correlated to RCPT; ASTM C1202]

28 days

AGEAGE

AGE

AGE

AGE 56 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

59% Increase in Abrasion Resistance ASTM C779, Proc. C

Dep

th o

f wea

r (in

.)

1 units5 10 15 20

0.00

0.04

0.08

0.12

.016

61% Reduction in Shrinkage ASTM C157

21 days 28 days

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

% L

engt

h Ch

ange

EdenCrete Control

41% Increase in Compressive StrengthASTM C39

28 days 56 days

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

PSI

32% Increase in Flexural StrengthASTM C78

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

PSI

46% Increase in Tensile StrengthASTM C496

PSI

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

54% Reduction in Permeability Bulk Electrical Resistivity (Correlated to RCPT; ASTM C1202]

28 days

AGEAGE

AGE

AGE

AGE 56 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

59% Increase in Abrasion Resistance ASTM C779, Proc. C

Dep

th o

f wea

r (in

.)

1 units5 10 15 20

0.00

0.04

0.08

0.12

.016

61% Reduction in Shrinkage ASTM C157

21 days 28 days

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

% L

engt

h Ch

ange

EdenCrete Control

41% Increase in Compressive StrengthASTM C39

28 days 56 days

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

PSI

32% Increase in Flexural StrengthASTM C78

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

PSI

46% Increase in Tensile StrengthASTM C496

PSI

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

54% Reduction in Permeability Bulk Electrical Resistivity (Correlated to RCPT; ASTM C1202]

28 days

AGEAGE

AGE

AGE

AGE 56 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

59% Increase in Abrasion Resistance ASTM C779, Proc. C

Dep

th o

f wea

r (in

.)

1 units5 10 15 20

0.00

0.04

0.08

0.12

.016

61% Reduction in Shrinkage ASTM C157

21 days 28 days

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

% L

engt

h Ch

ange

EdenCrete Control

41% Increase in Compressive StrengthASTM C39

28 days 56 days

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

PSI

32% Increase in Flexural StrengthASTM C78

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

PSI

46% Increase in Tensile StrengthASTM C496

PSI

28 days 56 days

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

54% Reduction in Permeability Bulk Electrical Resistivity (Correlated to RCPT; ASTM C1202]

28 days

AGEAGE

AGE

AGE

AGE 56 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Save Money by Replacing or Reducing Multiple AdmixturesEdenCreteTM does the job of several different types of admixtures you may already use. Typically, the addition of EdenCreteTM improves the efficiency of other admixtures already in the concrete mix. Whether your goal is to reduce permeability, improve flexural, tensile and/or compressive strength, or improve resistance to surface abrasion and shrinkage, EdenCreteTM gives you the option to replace or reduce the amount of other admixtures normally required to achieve the desired results; saving you money. Works Well with Other Concrete AdditivesEdenCreteTM is neutral and non-reactive. It can be used in mixes containing any of the various admixture chemistry-types commonly in the market. Unlike chemical concrete admixtures that can impact the workability, color or effectiveness of your mix. EdenCreteTM does not require altering formulations or procedures to get the mix you want. It offers a wide range of compatibility for contractors, architects and ready mix companies. Excellent WorkabilitySince EdenCreteTM works on the nano-level to build strength, there is no impact on the fresh properties, including workability or finish-ability of your concrete; unlike synthetic macro fibers.

Chemical and Stain ResistantReduced Permeability means chemicals can’t penetrate the surface as deeply as concrete without EdenCreteTM. More importantly, unlike some chemical concrete additives that might be reactive to a variety of chemicals spilled on the surface, carbon nanotubes in EdenCreteTM are chemically neutral, and therefore won’t react to a wide range of acids, bases and solvents.

ASTM TestingAll testing on EdenCreteTM has been conducted by Independent, 3rd Party Test Labs, according to the following ASTM Test Standard: Compressive Strength; ASTM C39

Split-tensile Strength; ASTM C496

Flexural Strength; ASTM C78

Abrasion Resistance; ASTM C779, Proc. C

Shrinkage; ASTM C157

Permeability Bulk Electrical Resistivity (Correlated to RCPT; ASTM C1202)

THE FUTURE OF CONCRETE

Application Guidelines Ready-to-use liquid admixture. No need for dilution. No special mixing equipment needed. Good for hoppers, mixing trucks or central plant mixers. EdenCreteTM should be employed at dosage rate of 1/2 to 4 gallons per cubic yard.

(30 to 150 fluid ounces per 100 lbs. of total cementitious materials.) Storage, Handling and Transport EdenCreteTM should be transported and stored at 40˚ to 95˚ degrees Fahrenheit; 5˚ to 35˚ degrees Celsius. Avoid freezing. If EdenCreteTM freezes, the particles will irreversibly precipitate. For bulk storage, the admixture tank should be constructed of plastic, stainless steel or fiberglass.

Seal the tank after adding EdenCreteTM. Translucent tank and storage containers should be stored out of direct sunlight. EdenCreteTM has shelf life of at least 12 months after production. SafetyEdenCreteTM is not considered dangerous to handle. Before handling, please read the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for health, safety and environmental information.

POUR IN THE STRENGTH IN THESE KEY AREAS

EdenCrete Industries, Inc.12420 N Dumont WayLittleton, CO 80125303.468.1705info@edencrete.com

EdenCrete Industries, Inc. is a subsidiary of Eden Energy, Perth Australia

Get the most out of EdenCreteTM. Contact us today.Our EdenCreteTM admixture specialists look forward to answering your questions

about this innovative product. Whether it concerns special applications, admixture

formulations, or optimizing dosage, please contact our EdenCreteTM team. Ask us

about our free consultation, introductory pricing and complimentary supplies of

EdenCreteTM for your first pour.

edencrete.com

EdenCrete Draft SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. Identification

Product Name:

EdenCrete

Product Description:

Nano engineered admixture

Chemical Characterization: Proprietary carbon nano mixture

Manufacturer:

EdenCrete Industries 12420 N. Dumont Way Littleton, CO 80125

Telephone: 303-468-1705

Emergency Telephone No. For Hazardous Materials [or Dangerous Goods] Incident Spill, Leak, Fire, Exposure, or Accident

For U.S.A., Canada, and International: M-F, 9-5pm (MST): 303-468-1705 24-Hour Assistance: 571-283-9156

Date: August 5, 2015 2. Hazard Identification Emergency Overview This black liquid poses little immediate hazard. It is not likely to cause harm but could potentially be an irritant if skin or eye contact or ingestion occur. GHS Classification Not a hazardous substance or mixture. Potential Health Effects Routes of Exposure: Eyes, skin, inhalation, and ingestion

Ingestion May cause irritation of the mucous membranes. Do not swallow.

Skin May cause irritation

Eyes May cause irritation

Inhalation May cause respiratory tract irritation

Target organs No information available

Chronic effects No information available

Medical conditions aggravated Existing asthma and lung diseases Carcinogenicity:

IARC: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or

equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen.

OSHA: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen by OSHA.

NTP: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen by NTP.

3. Composition/Information on Ingredients Hazardous Ingredients

Chemical Name CAS # Classification Concentration (%) Carbon Nano Tube (Multi-Wall)

308068-56-6 Skin/Eye/Respiratory Irritant *

*Ingredient list and concentration withheld due to proprietary blend. 4. First Aid Measures General Advice: No hazards which require special first aid measures.

Ingestion

Clear mouth and drink plenty of water. Do not induce vomiting. Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If irritation occurs, consult a physician.

Skin

Immediately wash with plenty of water. Remove all contaminated clothing and dispose of according to local regulations. If irritation occurs, consult a physician.

Eyes

Immediately flush eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses. Obtain medical attention if irritation persists. If irritation occurs, consult a physician.

Inhalation

Move person to fresh air. If irritation occurs, consult a physician.

5. Fire Fighting Measures

Suitable extinguishing media:

Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Specific hazards during fire fighting / Specific hazards arising from the chemical:

No hazards to be specially mentioned.

Combustion products:

Carbon oxides

Special protective equipment for fire-fighters:

In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus

Further information: 6. Accidental Release Measures

Standard procedure for chemical fires.

Personal precautions:

No conditions to be specially mentioned.

Environmental precautions:

No special environmental precautions required.

Methods for cleaning up / Do not flush with water. Wipe with absorbent material. Keep in Methods for containment:

suitable closed containers for disposal. If liquid has been spilt in large quantities clean up promptly by scoop or wet vacuum; do not sweep.

Additional advice: 7. Handling and Storage

For personal protection see section 8.

Advice on safe handling: For personal protection see section 8.

Avoid eye and skin contact. Do not ingest or inhale.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:

Normal measures for preventative fire protection.

Requirements for storage Observe local regulations. Do not store in light metal containers areas and containers: (aluminum). Keep temperatures above 40°F and below 90°F. 8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Exposure Guidelines Ingredients with workplace control parameters Further Information: Upper Respiratory Tract irritation. A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Engineering Controls Eye bath, safety shower, and adequate ventilation

Personal Protective Equipment

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses Hand/skin protection: Adequate protective clothing and chemical resistant gloves Respiratory: No respiratory PPE required. 9. Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance Form: Liquid Color: Black

Odor: None

Odor Threshold: None

Physical State: Liquid

pH: 6-7

Melting Point: No data available

Freezing Point: No data available

Boiling Point: No data available

Flash Point: No data available

Evaporation rate: No data available

Flammability: No data available

Upper/Lower Flammability: No data available

Vapor Pressure: Like water

Vapor Density: Like water

Specific Gravity: 1.03 ± 0.02

Solubility in Water: Infinitely soluble in water

Coefficient of Water/Oil: Distribution

No data available

Octanol/Water Coefficient No data available Auto Ignition Temperature Not applicable

Decomposition Temperature Not applicable

VOC No significant VOC present

Viscosity < 10 Bulk Density

N/A (Liquid)

10. Chemical Stability Conditions to Avoid:

Do Not Freeze. Maintain between 40o-95oF.

Incompatible Materials:

No data available

Hazardous Decomposition: Products

No hazardous decomposition products are known.

Possibility of Hazardous: Reactions 11. Toxicological Information

No data available

Product Information: Toxicological Assessment

Further information: Test Result:

Information given is based on data on the ingredients.

Acute oral toxicity: LD50: > 5,000 mg/kg Species: Rat

The value is estimated from tests on similar products.

Sensitization: Result: Did not cause sensitization on laboratory animals. Method: (Magnusson-Klingman):

The value is estimated from tests on similar products.

Germ cell mutagenicity: Ames test Geno-toxicity in vitro Result: negative Method: OECD Test Guideline 471 Carcinogenicity:

The value is estimated from tests on similar products.

IARC: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as a probable, possible or confirmed

as a human carcinogen.

OSHA: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as a probable, possible or confirmed

as a human carcinogen.

NTP: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as a probable, possible or confirmed as a human carcinogen.

TOXICOLOGY DATA FOR THE INGREDIENTS:

12. Ecological Information Ecotoxicology Assessment

Elimination information (persistence and degradability) Bioaccumulation: Bioaccumulation is not expected. Mobility: No test results. Under extreme circumstances, transport from earth to water may take place. Distribution among: Transport to air is not expected. environmental compartments Biodegradability: Result: not applicable Further information on ecology Biochemical Oxygen: No data available Demand (BOD) Hazardous to the ozone layer Regulation: 40 CFR Protection of Environment; Part 82 Protection of Stratospheric Ozone – CAA Section 602 Class I Substances Remarks: This product neither contains, nor was manufactured with a Class I or Class II ODS, as defined by the U.S. Clean Air Act Elimination information (persistence and degradability) Bioaccumulation: Bioaccumulation is unlikely. Mobility: No data available Biodegradability: Result: Readily biodegradable. Literature data. Biochemical Oxygen Demand: No data available 13. Disposal Considerations

Contaminated packaging: Dispose waste and residues in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local regulations. Avoid discharge into water courses or onto the ground.

Empty containers should be taken to an approved waste handling site for recycling or disposal.

Other Information:

In accordance with municipal, provincial, state, and federal regulations. Not a listed hazard. Recycling of containers may be permitted but not recommended. If recycled, the container must be “empty” as described in 40 CFR 261.7(b) (1), when the container is used within the United States. When the container is used within Canada, the following regulations apply: “A container that has been completely emptied using common practices, and that contains less than 2.5 cm of residue, is typically considered to be an ‘empty container’ and not subject to regulation as B.C. Reg. 63/88, Alberta – Reg. 192/96, and/or Saskatchewan – E.10.2, Reg. 3, as appropriate.”

14. Transport Information International Regulation ADR:

Not regulated as a dangerous good.

UNRTDG:

Not regulated as a dangerous good.

IATA-DGR:

Not regulated as a dangerous good.

IMDG-Code: Not regulated as a dangerous good. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code Not applicable for product as supplied. Further information for transport Not classified as dangerous in the meaning of transport regulations. Domestic regulation 49 CFR:

Not regulated as a dangerous good.

TDG:

Not regulated as a dangerous good.

NOM-002-SCT: 15. Regulatory Information

Not regulated as a dangerous good.

US Federal Regulations: In compliance OSHA Regulated: Not controlled SARA 302: Not subject to SARA Section 302 SARA 311/312: Not subject to SARA Section 311/312 SARA 313: Not subject to SARA Section 313 Canada DSL:

Not required to be on Domestic Substances List

TSCA list: Not relevant OSHA Hazards: Mild eye irritant EPCRA – Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know CERLCA Reportable Quantity This material does not contain any components with CERCLA RQ. SARA 304 Extremely Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity This material does not contain any components with a section 304 EHS RQ. SARA 311/312 Hazards: Acute Health Hazard SARA 302: No chemicals in this material are subject to the reporting requirements of SARA Title III, Section 302. SARA 313: This material does not contain any chemical components with known CAS numbers that exceed the threshold (De Minimis) reporting levels established by SARA Title III, Section 313. Clean Air Act

This product does not contain any hazardous air pollutants (HAP), as defined by the U.S. Clean Air Act Section 12 (40 CFR 61). This product does not contain any chemical subject to disclosure and listed under the U.S. Clean Air Act Section 112® for Accidental Release Prevention (40 CFR 68.130, Subpart F). The following chemicals are listed under the U.S. Clean Air Act Section 111 SOCMI Intermediate or Final VOC’s (40 CFR 60.489): Ethanol 64-17-5. Clean Water Act This product does not contain any Hazardous Substances listed under the U.S. Clean Water Act, Section 311, Table 116.4A. This product does not contain any Hazardous Chemicals listed under the U.S. Clean Water Act, Section 311, Table 117.3. This product does not contain any toxic pollutants listed under the U.S. Clean Water Act Section 307. California Prop. 65 This product does not contain any chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth, or any other reproductive defects.

16. Other Information HMIS Classification: Health: 1 Flammability Classification: 0 Reactivity: 0 NFPA Classification: Health: 1 Flammability Classification: 0 Reactivity: 0 Special Hazards: None known

Air Quality Testing

To: Concerned Parties

From: Eden Innovations

Subject: Multi walled nanotubes bound in EdenCrete

Date: 9/23/15

Background:

NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin (CIB) 65 outlines recent results from animal studies. Results

indicate that carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) may pose a respiratory hazard.

NIOSH proposes a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 1 µg/m3 elemental carbon as a respirable

mass 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) concentration.

Eden Innovations has developed a liquid admixture for concrete, called EdenCrete. Multiwall nanotubes

(MWNT's) are one of the components used to produce EdenCrete.

Eden Innovations has conducted two studies to determine if the MWNT's used in the EdenCrete bind to

larger molecules and particles,which would reduce or eliminate potential exposure to respirable

elemental carbon.

Test Method:

Galson Laboratories provided air sampling equipment and analysis following NIOSH 5040 methods.

Galson labs provided 37mm Quartz sample cartridges and an air sampling pump. Eden Innovations

dried EdenCrete liquid into a powder form, and 100ml of powdered EdenCrete was placed in a 100 sq-

in, 4 inch deep container with a ventilated lid. One air sample cartridge was suspended 1 inch above the

dried sample for one hour. The second cartridge was suspended 1 inch above the dried sample for one

hour, and the powder was perturbed by rapidly tapping on the bottom of the container 5 times, once

every 10 minutes. 5mm diameter vent holes were punched in each top corner of the container lid and air

was pumped through the filter at a rate of 2 liters per minute for a total of 74 minutes.

Results:

Total concentration for both tests were less than 1 µg/m3 of elemental carbon for 8-hour TWA of

exposure.

Conclusion:

EdenCrete solution containing MWNT's under normal conditions does not pose a risk for airborne

elemental carbon. It should be noted than several studies have shown that CNT's in solution can become

airborne if the solution is sonicated. This scenario is outside of normal use. Normal use of EdenCrete is

limited to recommended dosages in cement and concrete mixtures. Spilled EdenCrete can be cleaned

using ordinary water and soap. Materials used for clean up will contain small amounts of CNT's which

are bound to other larger molecules and should be disposed of according to NIOSH CIB 65.

To: Concerned Parties

From: Eden Innovations

Subject: CNT liberation from concrete

Date: 1/15/16

Background:

NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin (CIB) 65 outlines recent results from animal studies. Results

indicate that carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nano fibers (CNF) may pose a respiratory hazard.

NIOSH proposes a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 1 µg/m3 elemental carbon as a respirable

mass 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) concentration.

The liberation of free carbon nanotubes from concrete in which it is embedded could pose health risks to contractors in the field. In an effort to understand the behavior of the carbon nanotubes after they are bound in the cement matrix, Eden is conducting evaluations to measure the level of liberation, if any, which occurs when concrete containing the EdenCrete500 admixture is demolished on a job site. While there does not exist an ASTM test standard which explicitly addresses measuring the liberation of carbon nanotubes from ground concrete, Eden personnel will use an air quality monitor supplied by a 3rd party lab, Galson Labs in New York. The method of collecting the sample is not specified within any test standard, but the procedure used to analyze the samples conforms to NIOSH method 5040.

Eden Innovations conducted two air quality tests to quantify the liberation of free carbon nanotubes.

Test Method:

Samples will be made by pulverizing mortar dosed with the EdenCrete500 admixture at a rate equal to 4 gal./yd.3 (maximum recommended dosage rate). As the concrete is being mortar, the air quality monitor will sample the air immediately adjacent to the grinding wheel. The sample collection container is comprised of a 37mm quartz collector behind a paper filter media. The paper media will filter out concrete dust and CNTs still bound to the concrete, and the quartz collector will pick up any liberated carbon nanotubes. The samples will then be shipped to Galson Laboratory and analyzed using NIOSH method 5040.

The mortar was cut using an Avanti Pro 4.5” Diamond blade attached to a Dewalt AC grinder. The

3”x6” mortar samples were cut for 2 minutes, with the discharge stream directed at the air sampling

device at a distance of 6”. The air sampling device was fit with a 50-micron filter.

Results:

Report from Galson Laboratories is attached, reference number L364428.

Conclusion:

EdenCrete solution containing MWNT's under normal conditions does not pose a risk for airborne

elemental carbon. Once the CNT’s are in the EdenCrete solution, they are bound to other solid particles

(see previous report). After the CNT’s are bound in the concrete, they cannot be liberated freely and do

not pose a health risk.

Test Results

GDOT I-20 Pour - Augusta, GA, August

26-27, 2015

Fresh Concrete Properties:

Slump ASTM C 143

Air Content ASTM C 138

Unit Weight ASTM C 138

Concrete Temp ASTM C 1064

Atmospheric Temp

Hardened Concrete Properties:

Compressive Strength ASTM C 39

Abrasion Resistance ASTM C 779,

Procedure C

PAGE1

©2015IntelligentConcrete,LLC

October23,2015

From:IntelligentConcrete,LLC

To:EdenInnovations

Re:FinalReportonEdenCrete500ProductEvaluation,AbrasionResistanceofConcrete(ASTMC779,ProcedureC)fromAugustaReadyMixandGeorgiaDOTTrialinAugusta,Ga

TheintentofthisdocumentistotracktheabrasionresistancewiththeEdenCrete500(EC500);forthe purposes of information security, the concrete constituents will not be included in this report.SampleswereprovidedbyEden InnovationsandMetroMix, LLC. Sampleswith4gallonofEC500percubic yard demonstrated consistently better resistance to abrasion than the CONTROL, which wasparticularlysignificantintheinitialstagesofthetest.Bytheconclusionofthetest,theconcrete(ARM)testedwithEC500exhibitedapproximately47%to56%lessabrasiondamagethantheREFERENCE.

Forandbehalfof

IntelligentConcrete,LLC

Name:JonBelkowitz,PhD

Title:HeadofResearchandDevelopment

Date:23October2015

Forandbehalfof

IntelligentConcrete,LLC

Name:PaulR.Bryant,P.E.

Title:ProfessionalEngineer

Date:23October2015

23OCT2015

PAGE2

©2015IntelligentConcrete,LLC

Figure1–AbrasionMeasurements

*Sampleswerecastandcuredfor56DaysperASTMC779and31 **Nodefectswerefoundinanyofthespecimens

REFERENCE 4GallonEC500

Figure2–RepresentativeAbrasionSamplesAfterTesting

Test Results

ASTM C494 Test Program;

Standard Specification for Chemical

Admixtures for Concrete; Type S

Fresh Concrete Properties:

Slump ASTM C 143

Air Content ASTM C 138

Unit Weight ASTM C 138

Time of Set ASTM C 403

Concrete Temp ASTM C 1064

Atmospheric Temp

Hardened Concrete Properties:

Compressive Strength ASTM C 39

Split-Tensile Strength ASTM C496

Flexural Strength ASTM C78

Length Change ASTM C157

Abrasion Resistance ASTM C 779,

Procedure C

Freeze/Thaw ASTM C 666

EdenCrete Industries has submitted EdenCrete

to a 3rd party, independent laboratory to con-

duct the ASTM C494 test program; Standard

Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Con-

crete, Type S. The purpose of this testing is to evaluate and establish the performance of EdenCrete as a concrete

admixture within the industry. Testing includes time of set, compressive strength, split-tensile strength, flexural

strength, abrasion resistance, length change (shrinkage) and freeze/thaw resistance; testing is complete through

56-days. A summary of results is shown in the table below, with results of the 56-day abrasion and length change

1 3 7 28 56 90 180 365

Compressive Strength (ASTM C39) 25% 35% 39% 41% 41% 2/28/2016 5/25/2016 12/1/2016

Flexural Strength (ASTM C78) N/A 25% 19% 32%

Split-tensile Strength (ASTM C496) N/A N/A N/A 29% 22%

Abrasion Resistance (ASTM C779, Proc. C) N/A N/A N/A N/A 56% 2/28/2016 N/A N/A

Length Change (ASTM C157; Shrinkage)

Time of Set (ASTM C403)

Freeze/Thaw Resistance (ASTM C666) Results will be received with the 180-day intereim report; 6/6/2016

Testing Complete

Testing Complete

ASTM C494 Results

(Reported by Intelligent Concrete LLC)

% Increase of EdenCrete (4gal/yd.3) over Reference

Age (Days)

61% reduction; Testing complete

Reduced Initial Set 3 min, Reduced Final Set 4 min; Testing Complete

Test

Test Results

GDOT I-20 Pour - Augusta, GA, August

11, 2015

Fresh Concrete Properties:

Slump ASTM C 143

Air Content ASTM C 138

Unit Weight ASTM C 138

Concrete Temp ASTM C 1064

Atmospheric Temp

Hardened Concrete Properties:

Compressive Strength ASTM C 39

*S&MEJOB NO. 3 3>C) LAB NO. 'l.. ?i OPROJECT IJO H11.i'J Pohl, R,t\iY CLIENT O..u "sh Ren cl Md,

CONCRETE CYLINDER REPORT

I ::TE PICKED UP I 1, (\ 11 15

/ _____ _DATE MOLDED \\ C\ " 15 CONCRETE SUPPLIER._.......,._=----------DESIGN MIX NO. M it 1\a w I Ed rn cnh, 5 DO C t;DOT) 1. '-I \,,-

CONTRACTOR ____________ _ STRENGTH REQUIRED 1, 500 PSI@ 28 DAYS ti\ hr$ TECHNICIAN _____________ _

LOCATION OF POUR. ________________________________ _ TRUCK NO _________ _ TICKET NO.--------­TIME BATCHED--------WATER ADDED ON JOB ___ _ GAL

NO. OF CYLINDERS SET NO. _L_ OF_\ _ QUANTITY_-_ 1 _-_ 1 _-_ CY.TIME MOLDED 17..0

SLUMP 5 INCHES AIR CONTENT t. 5 %

UNIT WEIGHT 11.: o

LBS/CU. FT CONCRETE TEMP. i!.r. Of

WATER REQUESTED BY __________________ _ ATMOSPHERIC TEMP. i2 "F

NO. AGE TEST DIAM AREA

DATE (IN) (SQIN)

I 11\ l'l. A,U\, 'Loo I '2. .5'1

2. 1'1 ' 3 _'qq l'l..50

3 3 I 'J f1 ,O 4- -"" 12.51

'\ 3 i ' 4, <.)() rz .,s7

5 1 \ """ 3- 11·So

I.. 1 " .cD Ii, ,':)1

1 1'l oi Stp

LOAD PSI

(LBS)

3L.'L'i5 2.HO

a-."t 3 DD 'l '1 '10

S 3 i. (.() 4Z4D

5""1 94-0 4-s t>

'"'5 S/30

fpZl/5'

TYPE

3

3

s-

3

_?

3

LOCATION OF CYLINDERS, _________ _

INITIAL CURING CONDITIONS; O INSULATED BOX O NON-INSULATED BOX O NO BOX PLACED IN CURING ROOM

NAME DATE

Signature of Site Representative

Field Reports:

Compressive Strength ASTM C 39

Split Tensile ASTM C 496

Abrasion Resistance ASTM C 779

Bulk Electrical Resistivity

(Correlated to Rapid Chloride

Permeability) ASTM C 1202

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Case Studies:

GDOT I-20 Trial

Retaining Wall

Aggregate Bin

Spillway and Drainage System

On August 26 and 27, 2015, EdenCrete Industries, Inc. (Eden) and the Georgia Department of Transpor-

tation (GDOT) collaborated to replace two sections of Interstate 20 West just inside the South Carolina

border near the State Welcome Center. The trial was conducted as part of Eden’s application to be desig-

nated “Approved for Use” by the New Products Evaluation Committee of the Office of Materials and Test-

ing.

The two sections were adjacent to one another and butted end to end. Combined, the sections measured

almost 70 feet and spanned the entire width of the right lane). The section poured on the 26th was en-

riched with EdenCrete and the following day, the reference section was poured using the concrete mix

design in conformance with GDOT Section 504, Class 24-Hour Accelerated Mix.

Eden’s objective for this trial was to show GDOT the enhanced performance and potential for a longer

service life of concrete enriched with EdenCrete by comparing the two sections. In short, after an industry

-standard 56-day trial, evaluated by a GDOT-approved, independent laboratory, EdenCrete increases

strength and abrasion resistance. Both benefits are anticipated to extend the service life of concrete pav-

ing. With the vast amount of capital maintenance, maintenance and new projects GDOT has identified for

the decades to come, building projects with a longer lifespan

will help stretch your transportation dollar.

EdenCrete Concrete Additive Demonstration GDOT I-20 Trial

The GDOT Class 24-Hour Accelerated Mix contains 752lbs. of cement per cubic yard with calcium chloride

pellets added to the mix. GDOT Section 504 details the performance requirements for the mix design and are

shown below in Table 1:

Table 1; GDOT Class 24-Hour Accelerated Mix Strength Specification (GDOT Section 504)

Per request of the New Products Evaluation Engineer, Mr. Brennan Roney, Eden contracted with S&ME Inc.,

a GDOT-approved, independent test lab. S&ME was on the jobsite to measure fresh concrete properties and

make test samples. All S&ME technicians who were on the job are ACI Certified and documentation of this

was provided to GDOT for approval on the GDOT LAP 1v5 Form.

S&ME technicians were on site for both days of pouring to measure the fresh properties of the concrete mix

and made 6x12” cylinders for testing compressive strength and abrasion resistance. Compressive strength

was tested at days 1, 3, 7, 28, and 56. Abrasion resistance was measured at 56 days. S&ME Inc. tested the

compressive strength, and Intelligent Concrete, Inc., a test lab in Colorado tested the abrasion resistance. All

tests were conducted according to ASTM standards for the designations shown below in Table 2:

Table 2; Fresh and Hardened Concrete Properties Designations

At the request of GDOT, all of the test samples made by S&ME Technicians were left to cure in a marine

cooler on the job site for 24-hours after casting, at which time S&ME Technicians transported the samples

they would be testing back to their lab in Augusta. Transport of the cylinders was done by an ACI Certified

Technician, who placed the cylinders in ASTM transport cases and drove them directly from the job site to

their lab 13.2 miles away.

There, they were stripped of their forms and all samples immediately placed in S&ME’s fog room conforming

to ASTM C511. The cylinders designated for testing abrasion resistance were shipped to Intelligent Concrete

by S&ME Inc., also according to ASTM standards.

Fresh Property ASTM Designation

Temperature ASTM C1064

Slump ASTM C143

Unit Weight ASTM C231

Air Content ASTM C231

Hardened Property ASTM

Compressive Strength ASTM C39

Abrasion Resistance ASTM C779

Strength Development at 24-Hours 2,500 psi (17 Mpa)

Strength Development at 3 days 3,500 psi (24 Mpa)

Test Results

Compressive Strength Results (ASTM C39)

The compressive strength results through the 56-day trial are shown in Figure 1 below and you will find tabu-

lated results in Table 3 on the following page. Please note the column in orange in Table 3 which shows a

very substantial increase in compressive strength of the concrete enriched with EdenCrete over the reference

mix:

Figure 1; Compressive Strength Results, GDOT I-20 Trial (ASTM C39)

0

5075 4945

5940

6615

7420

0

3325 3235

3850

4715

5090

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

8000

0 24-Hour 3-Day 7-Day 28-Day 56-Day

Co

mp

ress

ive

Str

en

gth

(l

bs.

/in

.2)

Age

G.D.O.T. I-20 TrialCompressive Strength

(as reported by S&ME Inc.)

EdenCrete w/ CaCl2

Control w/ CaCl2

Table 3; Tabulated Fresh and Hardened Concrete Properties; EdenCrete and Reference section (as

reported by S&ME Inc. Lab)

From 24-hours through 7-days of age, EdenCrete has increased the compressive strength of the reference by an average of more than 50%, and greater than 40% at 28 and 56-days of age. The strengths achieved by EdenCrete are more than double at 28-days, and 41% at 56-days, above those required in G.D.O.T. Section 504 – Class 24-Hour Accelerated Concrete Specification. Those requirements are referenced in Table 1 of this report.

In an effort to reduce cost in the concrete mix used for rapid roadway rip and repair, it may be possible to reduce the cement content of the Class 24-Hour accelerated mix and still achieve the strengths required within the Sect. 504 specification. More testing would need to be conducted to evaluate the strength of a mix having less cement and its’ performance during placement.

EdenCrete Control

Amb. Temperature 95 89

Ambient Cond. Sunny, Clear Overcast

Conc. Temperature 94 92

Slump 2.50 4.75

Air Content 2.7 6.0

Unit Weight 148.1 139.9

Age

0 0 0 N/A

24-Hour 5075 3325 52.6

3-Day 4945 3235 52.9

7-Day 5940 3850 54.3

28-Day 6615 4715 40.3

56-Day 7420 5090 45.8

Fresh Properties

EdenCrete Control

EdenCrete %

Increase

Compressive Strength (lbs./in.2)

The fresh properties for both concrete mixes are shown in the upper portion Table 3:

Abrasion Resistance (ASTM C779)

Cylinders were tested at Intelligent Concrete, Inc. to evaluate abrasion resistance at 56-days. Testing was

conducted according to ASTM C779; Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Horizontal Concrete

Surfaces. Results of the abrasion testing at 56-days are shown in Figure 2, below:

Figure 2; 56-Day Abrasion Resistance Results (ASTM C779), GDOT I-20 Trial

At 56-days, EdenCrete has increased the abrasion resistance of the concrete mix by approximately 57%. Af-

ter the 20 minute duration of the test, the total magnitude of abrasion measured for the EdenCrete sample

was actually exceeded by the reference in less than 5 minutes. This can be seen from the graph in Figure 3.

It should also be noted that the wear rings on the samples are also showing a significant difference for the

EdenCrete relative to the reference. When the test was complete, the reference is left with a rough surface

under the wear path of the steel balls, but the EdenCrete sample is left with a very uniform wear path.

This difference illustrates EdenCrete’s ability to harden the concrete surface and be capable of enduring a

much more abrasive environment than the reference. The increased pullout capacity of cement paste made

with EdenCrete can be credited with this characteristic. Because the aggregate in the EdenCrete sample

does not pull out, the steel balls are unable to severely abrade the surface of the EdenCrete sample as seen

with the reference and the pulling out of aggregate from the paste matrix.

Conclusion

The test results show EdenCrete to have significantly increased the compressive strength of the reference

concrete by an average of greater than 50% through 7-days of age, and greater than 40% through 28 and 56-

days of age. Additionally, the abrasion resistance EdenCrete brings to the reference was measured at over

50%. The combination of increased compressive strength, abrasion resistance and a substantial reduction in

permeability is anticipated to increase the service life of the concrete used in Georgia to build new projects

and to perform both capital and routine maintenance. Extending the service life of the concrete used to build,

repair and replace Georgia’s roads and bridges can be possible with EdenCrete.

Eden Industries would like to thank all GDOT personnel who have taken part in this trial. Specifically, the

GDOT maintenance crews, the personnel at the Tennille test lab and the GDOT New Products Evaluation

Committee have been extremely accommodating and we appreciate awarding us the Testing designation.

We hope that these positive results of the trial granted to us results in an approval of EdenCrete500 for place-

ment on the Approved Products List. Thank you very much.

BACKGROUND:

Concrete retaining walls are used exten-

sively throughout the greater Denver and

Castle Rock metropolitan area. Retain-

ing walls are an integral part of the civil

infrastructure within residential communi-

ties where they are used to secure soils

between two different elevations, often in

areas where the landscape needs to be

shaped and engineered. The concrete

walls will experience extreme compres-

sive and bending loads from water and

soil behind the retaining wall. By utilizing

Edencrete, retaining walls withstand

greater loads from water and soil.

Concrete was

supplied by Metro Mix, LLC of Castle

Rock, Co. and EdenCrete was used to

enhance both the compressive and ten-

sile strength of the concrete retaining

walls, steps, and slabs.

RESULTS:

EdenCrete increased the tensilestrength of the concrete by 25% at 56days and also increased the compres-sive strength of the concrete by 11% at 7 days and 10% at 56 days. Eden-Crete had no negative impact on the fresh concrete properties.

EdenCrete Concrete Additive Demonstration Retaining Wall

PROJECT PARTICIPANTS:

A collaborative effort was employed by Eden Innovations and Metro Mix, LLC to increase the tensile strength of the concrete. This was done to extend the service life of the concrete retaining walls, steps and slabs.

Metro Mix, LLC is a Colorado owned and operated

ready-mixed concrete producer committed to

providing the best quality concrete and service in the

Denver, Castle Rock and surrounding areas.

MIXING GUIDELINES:

EdenCrete can be sequenced into the mixing

procedure with the head or tail water. Eden-

Crete does not effect the fresh properties of

the concrete mix.

APPLICATION INFORMATION:

For additional information on how EdenCrete

can be used in your application, please

contact EdenCrete Industries at (303) 468-

1705 or info@edencrete.com.

BACKGROUND:

Concrete aggregate bins are an integral

part of the concrete manufacturing

process and are used extensively

throughout the ready-mixed concrete and

precast concrete industries. Aggregate

bins serve as storage for different types

of rock, gravel and sand to ensure

continuous material supply for concrete

production. The bins often suffer exten-

sive deterioration from the tensile loads

and impact loads imparted when aggre-

gate is removed by heavy equipment

during the concrete production process.

The concrete was supplied by Metro Mix,

LLC of Castle Rock, CO. EdenCrete was

used to reinforce the aggregate bin

foundation and walls.

RESULTS:

EdenCrete increased the tensile strength of the concrete by 45% at 28 days and 48% at 56 days. Further-more, EdenCrete increased the compressive strength of the concrete by 17% at 28 days and 29% at 56 days. EdenCrete had no negative impact on the fresh concrete proper-ties.

EdenCrete Concrete Additive Demonstration Aggregate Bin

PROJECT PARTICIPANTS:

A collaborative effort was employed by Eden Innovations and Metro Mix, LLC to increase the tensile strength of the concrete. This was done to extend the service life of the concrete aggregate bins.

Metro Mix, LLC is a Colorado owned and operated

ready-mixed concrete producer committed to

providing the best quality concrete and service in the

Denver, Castle Rock and surrounding areas.

MIXING GUIDELINES:

EdenCrete can be sequenced into the mixing

procedure with the head or tail water. Eden-

Crete does not effect the fresh properties of

the concrete mix.

APPLICATION INFORMATION:

For additional information on how EdenCrete

can be used in your application, please

contact EdenCrete Industries at (303) 468-

1705 or info@edencrete.com.

BACKGROUND:

Concrete water drainage systems are

used extensively throughout the greater

Denver and Castle Rock area. These

water drainage systems and spillways

are an integral part of the civil infrastruc-

ture within residential communities. Multi-

purpose water drainage systems reduce

the tendency for flooding and reduce the

impact of erosion during heavy rains and

flash floods. The concrete in these areas

often suffers extensive deterioration from

running water and debris.

The prime contractor performing the in-

stallation was Construction of the Castle

Rock (CASIE), the concrete

was supplied by Metro

Mix, LLC of Castle Rock, Co., and Eden-

Crete was used to enhance both the

compressive and tensile strength of the

concrete retaining walls, steps, and

slabs.

RESULTS:

EdenCrete increased abrasion re-

sistance of the concrete by 70%. Further-

more, EdenCrete increased the tensile

strength of the concrete by 25% and had

no negative impact on the fresh concrete

properties.

EdenCrete Concrete Additive Demonstration Spillway and Drainage System

PROJECT PARTICIPANTS:

A collaborative effort was employed by Eden Innovations and Metro Mix, LLC, and CASIE Construction to increase the abrasion resistance of the concrete. This was done to extend the service life of the Concrete drainage systems.

Metro Mix, LLC is a Colorado owned and operated

ready-mixed concrete producer committed to

providing the best quality concrete and service in the

Denver, Castle Rock and surrounding areas.

MIXING GUIDELINES:

EdenCrete can be sequenced into the mixing

procedure with the head or tail water. Eden-

Crete does not effect the fresh properties of

the concrete mix.

APPLICATION INFORMATION:

For additional information on how

EdenCrete can be used in your

application, please contact EdenCrete

Industries at (303) 468-1705 or

info@edencrete.com.