Carbohydrates

Fuel and Fibre

What is a Carbohydrate?

What is a Carbohydrate?

• Carbohydrates are made up of 3 elements:

What is a Carbohydrate?

• Carbohydrates are made up of 3 elements:– carbon

What is a Carbohydrate?

• Carbohydrates are made up of 3 elements:– carbon– hydrogen

What is a Carbohydrate?

• Carbohydrates are made up of 3 elements:– carbon– hydrogen– oxygen

• with a hydrogen / oxygen ratio of 2 / 1, the same as in water

What is a Carbohydrate?

• Carbo stands for Carbon

• Hydrate means Water

• When a carbohydrate is heated, it breaks down into water (as steam) and carbon (black solid)

What is a Carbohydrate?

• Carbo stands for Carbon

• Hydrate means Water

• C12H22O11 12C + 11 H2O

Classes of Carbohydrate

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides– glucose

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides– glucose– fructose

glucose fructose

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides– glucose– fructose– galactose glucose fructose

galactose

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides– glucose– fructose– galactose

• Disaccharides

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides– glucose– fructose– galactose

• Disaccharides– sucrose

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides– glucose– fructose– galactose

• Disaccharides– sucrose– lactose

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides– glucose– fructose– galactose

• Disaccharides– sucrose– lactose– maltose

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides

• Disaccharides

• Polysaccharides

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides

• Disaccharides

• Polysaccharides– starch

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides

• Disaccharides

• Polysaccharides– starch– glycogen

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides

• Disaccharides

• Polysaccharides– starch– glycogen– fibre (cellulose)

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides

• Disaccharides

• Polysaccharides– starch - store sugars in plant seeds and roots– glycogen– fibre

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides

• Disaccharides

• Polysaccharides– starch - store sugars in plant seeds and roots– glycogen - stores glucose in muscle and liver– fibre

Classes of Carbohydrate

• Monosaccharides

• Disaccharides

• Polysaccharides– starch - stores sugars in plant seeds and roots– glycogen - stores glucose in muscle and liver– fibre - from cell walls of plants, indigestible

Functions of Carbohydrate

Functions of Carbohydrate

• Source of Energy

Functions of Carbohydrate

• Source of Energy– Sugars: Quick Energy, Quick Drop

Functions of Carbohydrate

• Source of Energy– Sugars: Quick Energy, Quick Drop

• low sugar level (hypogycemia) may follow

Functions of Carbohydrate

• Source of Energy– Sugars: Quick Energy, Quick Drop

• low sugar level (hypogycemia) may follow

• excess sugar stored as body fat

Functions of Carbohydrate

• Source of Energy– Sugars: Quick Energy, Quick Drop

• low sugar level (hypogycemia) may follow

• excess sugar stored as body fat

• fructose, in particular, stored as body fat

Functions of Carbohydrate

• Source of Energy– Sugars: Quick Energy, Quick Drop

• low sugar level (hypogycemia) may follow

• excess sugar stored as body fat

• fructose, in particular, stored as body fat

– Complex Carbohydrates

Functions of Carbohydrate

• Source of Energy– Sugars: Quick Energy, Quick Drop

• low sugar level (hypogycemia) may follow

• excess sugar stored as body fat

• fructose, in particular, stored as body fat

– Complex Carbohydrates (whole grain products)

Functions of Carbohydrate

• Source of Energy– Sugars: Quick Energy, Quick Drop

• low sugar level (hypogycemia) may follow

• excess sugar stored as body fat

• fructose, in particular, stored as body fat

– Complex Carbohydrates (whole grain products)• starch digested slowly, step by step

Functions of Carbohydrate

• Source of Energy– Sugars: Quick Energy, Quick Drop

• low sugar level (hypogycemia) may follow

• excess sugar stored as body fat

• fructose, in particular, stored as body fat

– Complex Carbohydrates (whole grain products)• starch digested slowly, step by step

• released slowly into bloodstream

Functions of Carbohydrate

• Source of Energy– Sugars: Quick Energy, Quick Drop

• low sugar level (hypogycemia) may follow

• excess sugar stored as body fat

• fructose, in particular, stored as body fat

– Complex Carbohydrates (whole grain products)• starch digested slowly, step by step

• released slowly into bloodstream

• blood sugar level more steady

Hormones and Carbohydrates

Hormones and Carbohydrates

• Insulin, produced in Pancreas

Hormones and Carbohydrates

• Insulin, produced in Pancreas– enables body cells to use

glucose from blood

Hormones and Carbohydrates

• Insulin, produced in Pancreas– enables body cells to use

glucose from blood– causes excess glucose

to be stored as glycogen

Hormones and Carbohydrates

• Insulin, produced in Pancreas– enables body cells to use

glucose from blood– causes excess glucose

to be stored as glycogen– Type 1 Diabetes caused

by insufficient insulin

Hormones and Carbohydrates

• Insulin, produced in Pancreas– enables body cells to use

glucose from blood– causes excess glucose

to be stored as glycogen– Type 1 Diabetes caused

by insufficient insulin– Type 2 Diabetes caused by

‘insulin resistance’

•

The End…