IPINASA NINA: PHILIPPINE HISTORYABELLANA, RIAMWF 12-1 PMLEONARDO, CRISANTAG. REYMAR YSONRAMOS, ELBERT JOHN

CAR - Cordillera Administrative RegionPROVINCECAPITAL

ApayaoKabugao

AbraBangued

KalingaTabuk

Mountain ProvinceBontoc

IfugaoLagawe

BenguetLa Trinidad

MAPCAPITAL

Regional Center: BaguioNARRATIVE INFORMATIONCordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is located in the north-central part of Luzon and encompasses most of the areas within the Cordillera Central mountain range of Luzon. It is bounded by Ilocos Norte and Cagayan in the north, Pangasinan and Nueva Viscaya in the south, Cagayan Valley in the east, and the Ilocos region in the west. The region is dubbed as the Watershed Cradle of North Luzon because it hosts 9 major rivers that provide continuous water for irrigation and energy for northern Luzon.Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is rich in ancient culture. It is the home of the indigenous tribe called Igorot. The way of life of the people in this region existed way back to ancient Filipinos before the Spanish colonization. Cordillera also has various festivals, these includes the Panagbenga or Baguio Flower Festival celebrated every February. The festival highlights are the flower exhibits, garden tours, floral competition and parade of floats. Other festivals in the region include the Ulalim Festival in Kalinga, Lang-ay Festival in Mountain Province, Banaue Imbayah Festival and the Tabuk Matagoan Festival. Cordillera is one of the prime tourist destinations in the Philippines. It has many spectacular scenic views and enchanting cool places. Baguio City is the summer capital of the Philippines. The world-famous Banaue Rice Terraces in the province of Ifugao is considered as the Eighth Wonder of the World. This structure of about 2000 to 6000 years old is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other tourists attractions of the region include the Sumaguing Cave in Sagada and the mummy caves in Benguet and Mt. Province. There are four National Parks in the region: Cassamata Hill, Mount Pulag which is the highest mountain in Luzon, Mount Data and Balbalasang-Balbalan.

BACKGROUND

BanigPalayDuring the Spanish occupation of the Philippines, Christianization and eventual subjugation of the mountain region proved difficult for the Spanish colonial government. Several comandancias were established by the Spanish colonial government in strategic areas of the mountain region. Among them were Amburayan, Cabugaoan, Kayapa, Quiangan, Itaves, Apayaos, Lepanto, Benguet, Bontoc, Banaue, and Tiagan.

KapeWalisOn August 18, 1908 during the American regime, Mountain Province was established by the Philippine Commission with the enactment of Act No. 1876. Ifugao, which was part of Nueva Vizcaya province and the former Spanish comandancias of Amburayan, Apayao, Benguet, Bontoc, Kalinga and Lepanto, were annexed to the newly created province as sub-provinces. Amburayan was later abolished in 1920 and its corresponding territories were transferred to the provinces of Ilocos Sur and La Union. Lepanto was also reduced in size and its towns were integrated into the sub-provinces of Bontoc and Benguet, and to the province of Ilocos Sur.On June 18, 1966, Republic Act No. 4695 was enacted to split Mountain Province and create four separate and independent provinces namely Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao, and Mountain Province. Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao were placed under the jurisdiction of the Cagayan Valley region, with Benguet and Mountain Province placed under the Ilocos Region.

CopperOn July 15, 1987, President Corazon C. Aquino issued Executive Order 220 which created the Cordillera Administrative Region. The provinces of Abra, Benguet and Mountain Province (of the Ilocos Region), and Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao (of the Cagayan Valley) were annexed as part of the newly created region.

Peanut BrittleOn February 14, 1995, Kalinga-Apayao, one of the five provinces of the region was split into two separate and independent provinces of Apayao and Kalinga with the enactment of Republic Act No. 7878.

TabaccoGulay at PrutasSeveral attempts at legalizing autonomy in the Cordillera region have failed in two separate plebiscites. An affirmative vote for the law on regional autonomy is a precondition by the 1987 Philippine Constitution to give the region autonomy in self-governance much like the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao in southern Philippines. The first law Republic Act No. 6766, took effect on October 23, 1989 but failed to muster a majority vote in the plebiscite on January 30, 1990.The second law, Republic Act No. 8438 passed by Congress of the Philippines on December 22, 1997, also failed to pass the approval of the Cordillera peoples in a region-wide referendum on March 7, 1998.

MGA PRODUKTO

Dipterocarp Abacca

LudoBamboo Crafts

StrawberryGinto

HISTORIKAL NA LUGAR

The Batarangan Airstrip, located at Kibungan, Benguet, was used as a landing site by the U.S. Airforce during the World War II in liberating the Philippines.

John Hay Air Base, more commonly known asCamp John Hayto many Filipinos, was a major hill station used for rest and recreation for personnel and dependents of the United States Armed Forces in the Philippinesas well as Department of Defense employees and their dependents. Last used by the United States Air Force, the "camp" is now a popular tourist destination in the northern part of the country.HistoryWhen World War II erupted, the camp was used by the Americans as a concentration camp for Japanese civilians who were rounded up inBaguioand nearby provinces on the suspicion that they were spies of theImperial Japanese Army.After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, eighteen Japanese planes, 17 of them in formation, came over Camp John Hay on the 8 December 1941. This force dropped 128 bombs, many of which did not explode. The first Japanese bomb to be dropped on the the Philippines hit the Main Gate and the succeeding bombs hit the Half Way House, the Mile High Club, the left wing of the Main Club and portions of the Scout Hill area, which housed the stockade and barracks of thePhilippine Scouts.The Japanese set up their first internment camp in the Philippines at Camp John Hay. A group of more than 500 men, women and children was crowded into one building. The group consisted of missionaries, miners and two Army nurses. The missionaries had been evacuated fromChinathe preceding year and had established a language school in the Philippines while awaiting the opportunity to return to China. The miners, some of whom were actually lumbermen, had been living and working near Baguio. The Army nurses were those first captured after their unsuccessful attempt to escape toManilavia the logging trail out of Baguio.Many of the original buildings, which were used as prisons still stand, such as the building now occupied by the Lonestar Steakhouse, the Base Chapel and the adjoining rows of cottages.

The MansionLocated on the eastern part of the city along the Leonard Wood Road and right across from Wright Park. It was built in 1908 for U.S. governor-generals and was destroyed in 1945 during the battle for the liberation of the Philippines.The Philippine government later rebuilt and improved the structure in 1947 and since then it has been used by various Philippine presidents whenever they come up to Baguio for their official visits and engagements. The Mansion served as the seat of the Second Session of Economic Commission of Asia and the Far East in 1947. It has also been the site of first meeting of the South East Asia Union which was popularly known as the Baguio Conference of 1950 which was conceived and convened by President Elpidio Quirino

TheMillion Dollar Hillis named from the last war when the allied armies spent million of dollars worth of bombs and ammunitions to annihilate the enemies in the area. It is overlooking the Poblacion of Kiangan.

TheMt. Nagchayanis located atBanaue,Ifugao, was where the Japanese troops fought fierce battles during WWII. At the site one can find several grottos, stone walled trenches, and fox holes and rusty shells on this old battle ground.

Kennon Road and its BuilderNamed after Col. Lyman W. Kennon, who was the final builder of the famous Benguet road, with the help of the industrious Cordillerans and foreign workers.Kennon road is the shortest and the most scenic highway linking Baguio and the lowlands. The lions head can be found along the way.

Final construction of this road was finished in 1903. Col. L. Kennon first ascended to Baguio in 1905.Of the original workers, the Igorots and Japanese were admired for their trustworthiness and willingness to work.Kennon was closed to traffic after the July 16, 1990 earthquake. It is now open to light vehicles only.

Easter Weaving RoomThis school was built in 1905 under Samuel Drury with funds donated by Bishop Brent of the Episcopalian Church of the Philippines. It opened in 1906 as a church school. Dr. Benjamin Platt introduced the Easter School Weaving Room as an industrial work in the curriculum. By 1924 there were five buildings and in 1928 they inaugurated the Chapel of the Holy Innocents. Before World War II, the Easter School Compound, which had nine buildings, were raised to the ground by the American Liberation Forces. With only the Headquarters and the Nurses' Cottage standing then, rehabilitation started to complete the compound as it is now. It is the right place to visit for those who are interested in native fabrics and other handicrafts. Here one can witness the actual process of cloth weaving as practiced by the natives of the Mountain Provinces for ages.