capacitance
DESCRIPTION
Capacitance. Demonstrations & notes. Warning Capacitors can act like High Voltage batteries, but more fatal! (unless it’s a flux capacitor). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Capacitance
Demonstrations & notes
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Warning Capacitors can act like High
Voltage batteries, but more fatal! (unless it’s a flux capacitor)
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Capacitor uses:1. store energy for later use
(like a battery)
2. Powerful discharge of current(spot welding, flash cameras)
3. Smooth/filter out current fluctuations (motors run better, less noise in sensitive
circuits, less interference pick-up)
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Basic Capacitor
Extra + charge piles up on the left; other + charge is taken from the right
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Dielectric adds capacitance
C= eA/d
e= permitivity (polarizability)
e= 1 air or vacuum 3 paper 10 glass 100 water 1000 ceramics
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Types: paper
Cheap<500V
Low capacitanceSensitive to moisture
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Types: ceramic
CheapCan handle 10kvLow capacitance
robust
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Types: electrolyte
Polarized (if connect wrong,
might explode!)<500V
high capacitanceChemicals inside
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Make your own
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Capacitors
• stores energy in the E field• Capacitance is a measure of
the ability to store energy in the form of separated charges
• Capacitors take time to charge and discharge
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Capacitance Equations
VQC
= Q = total charge
Units: farads = C/V
dAC 0e=
e0 = permittivity constant (C2/Nm2)
A = area of plate
d = Distance between plates
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Energy and Capacitors Equations
VQPE =21
2)(21 VCPE =
CQPE2
2
=
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Capacitors in Series: same charge, share the voltage
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Capacitors in Parallel Same voltage, but share the charge
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
CPV = C1 V + C2V + C3V CP = C1 + C2 + C3
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References:
http://www.sentex.net/~mec1995/circ/hv/hvcap/hvcap.html
www.answers.com/topic/capacitor