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Cancer PREVENTION

• “Take charge of your life and learn as much as you can about illness.

Knowledge generates hope.”

Lance Armstrong Winner of 6 Tour de France Titles

and Cancer Survivor

Thurs, Nov. 16- Online reading Quiz due

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4 Leading Risk Factors of Cancer

Tobacco UseDiet and obesity Sedentary lifestyleOverexposure to the sun

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What is Cancer?

DefinitionDefinition: Diseases of malignant CellsTumorTumor: a mass of tissue that serves no purpose.

Malignant tumorMalignant tumor: cancerous

Benign tumorBenign tumor:noncancerous

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How Cancer Spreads

Metastasis:Metastasis: the spreading of cancer cells

Cells break away from primary tumor and invade surrounding tissues or travel through the blood and lymphatic system.

Secondary tumor or metastases

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Malignant Tumors

CarcinomasCarcinomas - most common - Linings, tubes, cavities and secretion glands.

Sarcomas:Sarcomas: arise in connective and fibrous tissues. Bone, muscle, cartilage and membranes covering muscle or fat.

Lymphomas:Lymphomas: Cancers of the lymph nodes.

LeukemiaLeukemia: Cancer of the blood-forming cells in bone marrow.

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The Incidence of Cancer

1.3 million Americans are diagnosed yearlyMore than half will be cured.About 40% will die as a result of cancer.1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 women will be develop cancer during their lifetime.

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What type of cancer has the highest mortality rate (for men and women)?

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The Big Four of CancerHighest Mortality Rate

Lung: #1 for men and womenColon: #2 for men and women

Breast: #1 for womenProstate: #1 for men

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Cancer Death Rates*, All Sites Combined, All Races, US, 1975-2001

*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

Men

Both Sexes

Women

Rate Per 100,000

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Cancer Death Rates*, for Men, US,1930-2001

*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tapes 1960-2001, US Mortality Volumes 1930-1959, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004.

0

20

40

60

80

100

1930

1935

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

Lung & bronchus

Colon & rectum

Prostate

Pancreas

Stomach

Liver

Rate Per 100,000

Leukemia

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Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, By Site, Men, US, 1999-2001

Source: DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version 5.2 Statistical Research and Applications Branch, NCI, 2004. http://srab.cancer.gov/devcan

Site Risk

All sites 1 in 2

Prostate 1 in 6

Lung and bronchus 1 in 13

Colon and rectum 1 in 17

Urinary bladder 1 in 28

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 in 46

Melanoma 1 in 53

Kidney 1 in 67

Leukemia 1 in 68

Oral Cavity 1 in 73

Stomach 1 in 81

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Testicular Cancer

The Cancer Society estimates that in the year 2006 about ___________new cases of testicular cancer will be diagnosed in the United States.

An estimated ________ men will die of testicular cancer in the year 2005.

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Testicular CancerThe Cancer Society estimates that in the year 2006 about

8,010 new cases of testicular cancer will be diagnosed in the United States.

An estimated 390 American men will die of testicular cancer in the year 2005.

• Testicular cancer is one of the most curable forms of cancer. Prevention- Testicular self-exams

• Studies show that the cure rate exceeds 90% in all stages combined.

• The 5-year survival rate for stage I testicular cancer is 99%.

Lance on-Line! http://www.laf.org

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Cancer Death Rates*, for Women, US,1930-2001

*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tapes 1960-2001, US Mortality Volumes 1930-1959,National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004.

0

20

40

60

80

100

1930

1935

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

Lung & bronchus

Colon & rectum

Uterus

Stomach

Breast

Ovary

Pancreas

Rate Per 100,000

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Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, By Site, Women, US, 1999-2001

Source:DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version 5.2 Statistical Research and Applications Branch, NCI, 2004. http://srab.cancer.gov/devcan

Site Risk

All sites 1 in 3

Breast 1 in 7

Lung & bronchus 1 in 18

Colon & rectum 1 in 18

Uterine corpus 1 in 38

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 in 56

Ovary 1 in 68

Melanoma 1 in 78

Pancreas 1 in 81

Urinary bladder 1 in 88

Uterine cervix 1 in 130

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Cancer Death Rates*, by Race and Ethnicity, 1997-2001

*Per 100,000, age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.† Hispanic is not mutually exclusive from whites, African Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians.Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer Control andPopulation Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004.

245.5

151.2167.0 174.0

347.3

196.5

111.6113.4100.5

165.5

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

White African American Asian/Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native

Hispanic†

Men Women

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Cancer Incidence Rates* by Sex and Race,All Sites, 1975-2001

*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

African American men

White men

White women

African American women

Rate Per 100,000

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Common Cancers

Skin CancerSkin Cancer: Most common form of cancerEasily detected and highly curableExposure to ultraviolet rays during childhoodCommon cause - sunburns and suntansTypes:

Basal and SquamousMelanoma - more dangerous form

PreventionDetection and Treatment

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Sunburn* Prevalence (%) in the Past Year, Adults 18 and Older, US, 1999

44.1

35.3

27.4

23.5

13.3

18.0

11.0

5.3 5.1

22.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Male Female

Ag

e-A

dju

ste

d P

rev

ale

nc

e (

%)

White non-Hispanic

AmericanIndian/AlaskanNative

Other

Asian/ PacificIslander

Black non-Hispanic

*Reddening of any part of the skin (regardless of size) for more than 12 hours. Source: Saraiya et al. Am J Prev Med 2002;23(2). Note: The overall prevalence of sunburn among adult males is 39.7% and among females is 28.8%. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System CD-ROM, 1999. National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000.

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Screening Guidelines for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer, American Cancer Society

Yearly mammograms are recommended starting at age 40 and continuing for as long as a woman is in good health.

A clinical breast exam should be part of a periodic health exam-about every three years for women in their 20s and 30s-every year for women 40 and older.

Monthly Breast self-exams for women starting in their 20s.

Women at increased risk (e.g., family history, genetic tendency, past breast cancer) should talk with their doctors about the benefits and limitations of starting mammography screening earlier, having additional tests (i.e., breast ultrasound and MRI), or having more frequent exams.

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Foods That Contain Cancer-Preventing Substances

BroccoliBrussels sproutsCabbageCauliflowerCarrotsRed peppers TomatoSweet potatoCollard greensGreen Tea

Kale SpinachApricotCantaloupeGrapefruitOrangePapayaPeach PlumWatermelon

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Links to CancerInactivity and Obesity

Linked to colon cancer

Benefits of Physical ActivityBenefits of Physical Activity

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Carcinogens in the Environment

Ingested ChemicalsEnvironmental and Industrial pollutionRadiation

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Detecting Cancer

Self Monitoring is Self Monitoring is EssentialEssential

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www.cancer.org

Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S. (after heart disease)

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Your Immune system

Think of:► Your body as a country

► The immune system as that country's defense forces

► Viruses, bacteria, and parasites as a hostile, foreign army

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Prevention

Lifestyle Choices

Stress Management and your Immune System

Early Detection 7 Cancer Warning SignsSelf ExamsScreenings

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Cancer Treatment

Get a 2nd OpinionDo your homework! (Research viable treatments, side effects, benefits and risks)

# cases treated for specific cancerClinical Trials

www.cancer.org

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Detecting, Diagnosing and Treating Cancer

Proven TreatmentsProven Treatments:

SurgeryChemotherapyRadiation TherapyBone Marrow/Stem Cell Transplants

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Laughter Therapy??!

Laughter is a form of internal jogging. It moves your internal organs around. It enhances respiration. It is an igniter of

great expectations. Norman Cousins

Who is Norman Cousins?

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Life is what happens when you’re making other plans.

John Lennon

Laugh loud and often

Devour your weekend.